Industrial Paradigm Research Articles

Implementation and Experimental Application of Industrial IoT Architecture Using Automation and IoT Hardware/Software

The paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) require functional architectures to deploy and organize hardware and software taking advantage of modern digital technologies in industrial systems. In this sense, a lot of the literature proposes and describes this type of architecture with a conceptual angle, without providing experimental validation or with scarce details about the involved equipment under real operation. Aiming at overcoming these limitations, this paper presents the experimental application of an IIoT architecture divided into four functional layers, namely, Sensing, Network, Middleware and Application layers. Automation and IoT hardware and software are used to implement and apply the architecture. Special attention is put on the software Grafana, chosen in the top layer to deploy graphical user interfaces that are remotely accessible via web. A pilot microgrid integrating photovoltaic energy and hydrogen served as scenario to test and prove the suitability of the architecture in four application cases.

Design and simulation of a full-order robust adaptive observer for monitoring of the biogas process

Abstract In this article, state variable re-construction in continuous biodigester was investigated. We proposed a Robust Adaptive Observer to estimate biomass and substrate concentrations based on CO2 and CH4 measurement. The observer in question is a robust and adaptable model-based methodology, designed to accommodate uncertainties in model parameters, process variability, and in-line noisy measurements. The numerical results demonstrated superior performance of the Robust Adaptive Observer over traditional robust, reduced-order observers. Finally, observers were validated through a comparative analysis using Integral Absolute Error, Time-Weighted Absolute Error, and Integral Squared Error metrics. In this context, this study presents a novel alternative for advancing cutting-edge detection technologies and their integration into the monitoring of bioprocesses, aligning with the paradigms of Industry 5.0.

A simple room-temperature refurbishment method for sulfated lead-acid batteries using ammonium acetate treatment

Current recycling paradigms of lead-acid batteries (LABs) involve the use of toxic, polluting, and energy-demanding processes. Here we report a novel strategy to refurbish LABs which failed due to the formation of hard sulfation on the anodes. We used ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) to selectively dissolve the water-insoluble lead sulfate (PbSO4) crystals which cause the hard sulfation from commercial LAB anodes and electrodeposit metallic lead on a new surface. The remarkable removal of hard sulfation was characterized by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The treatment replenished a fresh LAB anode surface, recovering the capacity from ∼0 % to 99 %. The dissolved Pb2+ was retrieved with an efficiency of >99.9 % through electrodeposition, completing a refurbishing process that minimizes the release of heavy metals into the environment. We demonstrated a proof-of-concept refurbishing of a full commercial LAB, which recovered 35 % of its capacity. With a noteworthy capacity renewal and minimal release of hazardous materials, NH4Ac refurbishing promises to be an environment-friendly and economic alternative recycling paradigm for the LAB industry.

Comparisons in Limited Mobility: Exploring the Shaping of Travel Experience for Individuals with Physical Disabilities

Tourism emerges as a focal point under the “new mobilities” paradigm. Current research, however, needs to address how groups with limited mobility navigate their travel experiences. This study delves into the tourism patterns of tourists with physical disabilities—a prominent mobility-limited demographic. Utilizing constructivist grounded theory through interviews, participatory observation, and online data collection, we discern that the tourism experience of those with physical disabilities is shaped dynamically by “comparison” across four orientations: time, space, self, and others. This multidimensional comparison transitions from tangible tourism to profound experiential realms, defining their unique travel experiences. “Comparison” is identified as a core microgenetic mechanism, challenging existing psychological theories and potentially reshaping our understanding of the experiential processes for all tourist groups, not just those with mobility limitations. The findings enrich our understanding of mobility-constrained tourism within the “new mobilities” paradigm, offering insights and practical implications for the tourism industry. This article is also available in [Chinese]. See supplemental material for details.

AI Predictive Analytics for Verifying Pharmaceutical Authenticity and Combating Drug Counterfeiting

A significant worry in recent years has been the counterfeiting of medicines. The distribution and manufacture of fake or falsified drugs are both criminal and harmful to the public's health. The severity of this issue differs significantly from one country to another, primarily due to variations in the adherence to national regulations and processes. Thus, preventing the sale of fake drugs has become an urgent matter, particularly in poor and developing nations. The study presents a new multi-layered validation structure for pharmaceutical authenticity verification that uses Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and blockchain technology for artificial intelligence predictive analytics. The goal is to tackle the widespread problem of counterfeit drugs. Using GANs to sift through past data, the suggested strategy improves the detection of minor package variations by identifying trends and traits linked to counterfeit drugs. Using the GAN-generated enhanced dataset, a CNN is trained to accurately and specifically categorize drug packaging.Further, the framework uses blockchain technology to provide trustworthy and transparent recordkeeping of drugs in realtime as they move through the supply chain. Increased patient safety directly results from our system's thorough audit trail, which solves the problems of fake medications and regulatory compliance. The suggested approach reduces counterfeit dangers and provides a scalable paradigm for other industries to use when dealing with similar authenticity verification issues, which means it can find more uses in safety-critical fields. The success of the multi-layered validation structure model is evaluated using performance metrics such as accuracy, recall, and F1-score. It achieves a fantastic accuracy rate of over 95%.

CLOUD COMPUTING AND HR COMPETENCY TOWARDS THE PERFORMANCE OF MSMEs IN DENPASAR

The industrial revolution 5.0 brings the economy to an industrial paradigm through the rapid development of technology and the internet. MSMEs that have contributed to Indonesian economic development by increasing the GDP and absorbing the workforce need to be able to adapt to technological advances. Cloud computing is one of the drivers of Industrial Revolution 5.0. This study aimed to determine the effect of cloud computing based accounting information systems toward the performance of MSMEs with human resources competency as a moderating variable. Data used is primary data which was collected through a survey questionnaire from a sample of 100 MSMEs. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. Data was performed by moderating regression analysis through SPSS. The result of this study shows that a cloud based accounting information system and human resources competency has a positive influence on the performance of MSMEs, while human resources competency significantly moderates the relationship between cloud based accounting information systems and the performance of MSMEs. These findings show the importance of implementing cloud based accounting information systems by MSMEs for business success.

NANOCREDIT FOR EMPOWERING THE UNDERPRIVILEGED: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Poverty is a universal reality that takes various forms worldwide. It is considered the most detrimental economic and social issue, being the root cause of human rights violations due to its destructive effects on individuals and society. In the modern era, poverty has become a major global issue, hindering economic and human development and leading to deprivation of well-being. Any credit type, micro or nano credit, must be implemented well to help the poor. Recently, there has been an interest in nanocredit. Although there are limited studies on nanocredit, there have been some attempts to review the topic. In contrast to other research, this study adopts a different methodology to thoroughly review the literature on the development of nanocredit to address the innovative and reliable tools that are dependable financial inclusion for the underprivileged. This study is being conducted to comprehensively review and analyse current research on nanocredit. Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Emerald Insights, and Google Scholar index the reviewed literature from 2000 to 2022 for published article access. Studies have presented that nanocredit is a new paradigm in the lending industry with fewer requirements and bureaucracy. Although it is still lacking in fully complying with Shariah guidelines, nanocredit is a saviour for the poor in improving their quality of life. In simple understanding, nanocredit should be the bridge that connects Islamic finance and Islamic philanthropy.

Dampak Pembelian Dalam Game Mobile Legend Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan dan Keterlibatan Pemain Dengan Pengalaman Game Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This study aims to investigate the relationship between in-game purchases in Mobile Legends and the improvement of players' playing skills and the extent to which experience factors moderate the relationship between these variables. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data will be collected through an online survey with a research instrument assessment using a Likert scale. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the level of Mobile Legends player involvement and the intensity of in-game purchases. Players who are more involved tend to make in-game purchases with higher frequency and spend more money in the game. The implications of these findings are profound and cover several important aspects of the gaming industry as well as digital consumer behavior research. First of all, the microtransaction pricing adjustments suggested by this study can not only increase player engagement, but also have the potential to change the business paradigm in the gaming industry as a whole. By considering factors such as player price preferences and price sensitivity, developers can design smarter and more responsive pricing strategies. This will not only increase their revenues but also create a more inclusive and sustainable gaming ecosystem.

Digital Twin-assisted anomaly detection for industrial scenarios

Industry 5.0 is the current industrial paradigm that inherits the technological diversity of its predecessor, Industry 4.0, but includes three priority goals: (i) resilience, (ii) sustainability and (iii) human-centeredness. Through these three goals, Industry 5.0 pursues a more far-reaching digital transformation in industrial ecosystems with high protection guarantees. However, the deployment of innovative information technologies for this new digital transformation also requires considering their implicit vulnerabilities and threats in order to avoid any negative impacts on the three Industry 5.0 goals, and to prioritize cybersecurity aspects so as to ensure acceptable protection levels. This paper, therefore, proposes a detection framework composed of a Digital Twin (DT) and machine learning algorithms for online protection, supporting the resilience that Industry 5.0 seeks. To validate the approach, this work includes several practical studies on a real industrial control testbed to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the framework, taking into account a set of malicious perturbations in several critical sections of the system. The results highlight the effectiveness of the DT in complementing the anomaly detection processes, especially for advanced and stealthy threats.

A study on road noise reduction using recycled material

Recently, there has been a shift in the paradigm of the automobile industry from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles. An NVH research has also evolved rapidly from studying noise and vibration in conventional internal combustion engines to exploring methods for reducing road noise. A road noise during vehicle operation can be amplified by the resonance of the cavity inside chassis. As a countermeasure, so, filler materials have been applied inside the chassis to reduce resonance, However, fillers applied to existing cavities, such as pads and polyurethane foam, generally focus on blocking resonance inside the cavity rather than reducing vehicle road noise. In this study, a filler has been developed to fill the cavities of vehicles; Filler resources are from residual scrap gathered in manufacturing shop floor of automobile interior and exterior parts. As a result, fillers introduced in the study offer not only excellent acoustic performance but also are recyclable. The effect in terms of acoustic performance of recycled fillers was confirmed by conducting tests, sound transmission loss in reverberation and anechoic chambers. Also, actual vehicle driving tests were conducted on a proving ground.

Bridging the Gap: Quality by Design as a Catalyst for Enhanced Quality Management Systems in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing.

The document emphasizes the importance of addressing key issues in Quality Management Systems (QMS) to stay competitive and provide high-quality goods and services in a dynamic market. It highlights the need to adopt novel quality management techniques for long-term success. The fundamentals of Quality by Design (QbD) are discussed, tracing back to pioneers like Joseph M. Juran and the Six Sigma concept for effective implementation. QbD is described as a systematic approach focusing on risk management, Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP), and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) to create products meeting predetermined quality standards. QbD incorporates quality concepts into the development and production processes. Its goal is to guarantee the quality of the product by determining and managing important factors. Manufacturers can be flexible with it while still adhering to strict quality standards. It signifies a change in the industry's paradigm.

Digital and Virtual Technologies for Work-Related Biomechanical Risk Assessment: A Scoping Review

The field of ergonomics has been significantly shaped by the advent of evolving technologies linked to new industrial paradigms, often referred to as Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and, more recently, Industry 5.0 (I5.0). Consequently, several studies have reviewed the integration of advanced technologies for improved ergonomics in different industry sectors. However, studies often evaluate specific technologies, such as extended reality (XR), wearables, artificial intelligence (AI), and collaborative robot (cobot), and their advantages and problems. In this sense, there is a lack of research exploring the state of the art of I4.0 and I5.0 virtual and digital technologies in evaluating work-related biomechanical risks. Addressing this research gap, this study presents a comprehensive review of 24 commercial tools and 10 academic studies focusing on work-related biomechanical risk assessment using digital and virtual technologies. The analysis reveals that AI and digital human modelling (DHM) are the most commonly utilised technologies in commercial tools, followed by motion capture (MoCap) and virtual reality (VR). Discrepancies were found between commercial tools and academic studies. However, the study acknowledges limitations, including potential biases in sample selection and search methodology. Future research directions include enhancing transparency in commercial tool validation processes, examining the broader impact of emerging technologies on ergonomics, and considering human-centred design principles in technology integration. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of biomechanical risk assessment.

Understanding Transformative Learning and Transformative Tourism

This study focuses on two major areas of transformative learning and transformative tourism. The study aims to understand how transformative learning theory developed by Jack Mezirow was first introduced to the academia and then adopted in the field of tourism. Transformative travel and tourism is an emerging paradigm in the travel industry, characterized by travel experiences that lead to profound personal growth, self-discovery, and societal benefits. This paper explores the intersections of transformative learning theory and transformational tourism experiences through a qualitative research approach. By synthesizing secondary data from diverse contexts and empirical studies, the study examines how transformative learning processes manifest in the context of travel and tourism. The theoretical framework draws on Mezirow’s transformative learning theory, emphasizing critical reflection and perspective learning. This study is based on a general review through thematic analysis of narratives. The research identifies mechanisms that facilitate transformative experiences during travel. The literatures highlight on novelty seeking, escapism, freedom, self-efficacy, the transformation of consciousness, self-development and personal growth, and subjective wellbeing which is an outcome of transformative travel. This study explores the concepts of transformation, transformative learning, transformational tourism, tourism motivation, tourism destination image, marketing, authenticity, satisfaction, and transformative experiences.

Development of green manufacturing implementation framework based on life-cycle assessment

Climate change stabilization at 1.5 to 2 °C requires a shift in paradigm of industries to transition to low carbon industries. The way forward to decarbonize industries is green manufacturing, as the environmental facet of manufacturing has often been compromised for the sake of economic gains. In order to implicate green manufacturing, it is incumbent upon manufacturing facilities to introduce such measures which ensure that carbon footprint and environmentally detrimental emissions are minimized. In this context, Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) is an excellent tool to record, analyze and critically review the environmental impact of a process. In order to investigate the environmental hotspots, the authors have performed LCA of an auto-parts manufacturing industry in Pakistan by using a unique gate-to-gate approach. ReCiPe Midpoint impact assessment method was utilized to investigate the effects of manufacturing and transportation related emissions of the monthly produce on climate change, fossil depletion, ionizing radiation and human toxicity. Furthermore, the authors discuss three scenarios, which include current state, optimized future state and an energy mix involving hydropower and photovoltaic generation. The results helped in developing a comprehensive framework for green manufacturing which suggests that the prerequisite of a green manufacturing process is an optimized process flow, which significantly reduces the environmental emissions up to 24%. Moreover, the use of photovoltaic cells results in 54% reduction, thus indicating that conventional hydropower systems in developing countries should be mixed with solar power to reduce the environmental burden. A detailed green manufacturing framework based on LCA is proposed by the authors to enhance the functionality and to improvise the carbon burden of the manufacturing sector of Pakistan.

Workplace Well-Being in Industry 5.0: A Worker-Centered Systematic Review.

The paradigm of Industry 5.0 pushes the transition from the traditional to a novel, smart, digital, and connected industry, where well-being is key to enhance productivity, optimize man-machine interaction and guarantee workers' safety. This work aims to conduct a systematic review of current methodologies for monitoring and analyzing physical and cognitive ergonomics. Three research questions are addressed: (1) which technologies are used to assess the physical and cognitive well-being of workers in the workplace, (2) how the acquired data are processed, and (3) what purpose this well-being is evaluated for. This way, individual factors within the holistic assessment of worker well-being are highlighted, and information is provided synthetically. The analysis was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines. From the sixty-five articles collected, the most adopted (1) technological solutions, (2) parameters, and (3) data analysis and processing were identified. Wearable inertial measurement units and RGB-D cameras are the most prevalent devices used for physical monitoring; in the cognitive ergonomics, and cardiac activity is the most adopted physiological parameter. Furthermore, insights on practical issues and future developments are provided. Future research should focus on developing multi-modal systems that combine these aspects with particular emphasis on their practical application in real industrial settings.

Petrophysical and petrographic data correlation and the discrimination of magmatic environments and processes in Santos Basin, offshore SE Brazil

The igneous rocks in the context of oil & gas exploratory sedimentary basins have been a paradigm and challenge for industry and academia due to the difficulty of reconnaissance and interpretation using indirect methods, e.g. geophysical data. We presented the combination of the petrographic and well log data of distinct magmatic sections from wells of Santos Basin, SE Brazil. Effusive and explosive felsic rocks, mafic volcanic subaerial and subaqueous and plutonic mafic rocks were recognized by petrography and petrophysics proprieties data, as radioactive (GR), electric resistivity (R), acoustic property (Δt), porosity (Φ) and density (ρ), showed different patterns along sections. This enables the division on magmatic subsections and allowed the recognition of rock types and igneous setting. The compositional influences are clearly distinguished by GR, as felsic and mafic rocks, presence of amygdales in mafic effusive rocks and inter-pillow intervals in subaqueous environments, can interfere with GR patterns. In plutonic environment, GR can show evidence of magmatic differentiation. Δt and Φ are directly proportional with similar pattern and both are inversely proportional to R and ρ. Felsic rocks, effusive or explosive, and inter-pillow intervals makes Φ and ρ curves closer. Less dense and more porous rocks, as explosive, tend to imprint the Φ and ρ pattern to the left of the log. Welding processes are distinguished by gradual decrease of Φ and increase of ρ. Otherwise, denser mafic rocks, volcanic or plutonic, tend to show separate Φ and ρ curves on the right of the log, while amygdaloidal portions are lighter and more porous than the massive one, showing the separate pattern on the left. The subaqueous mafic volcanic rocks imprint GR, ρ and Φ intermediate patterns between mafic massive and amygdaloidal. The recognition of the type of magmatic rock, the environment and the physical properties can aid to improve not only the decisions of exploration and production but also the elaboration of a geodynamic context for offshore sedimentary basins.

Integrating Digital Technologies in Sustainability Accounting and Reporting: Perceptions of Professional Cloud Computing Users

The configuration of economic development, through complexity, rhythm, and amplitude, imposed Industry 4.0 as a new industrial paradigm characterized by advanced digitalization and automation. Appropriate behavior of organizations from a sustainable perspective and the expansion of performance evaluations by considering economic–financial, social, and environmental aspects supposed the reconsideration of the role of accounting in reporting, advice on risk management, and determination of organizational policies. The application of digital technologies in sustainability accounting and reporting requires mapping the attributes of Industry 4.0 and the collection, processing, and reporting of financial and non-financial information. The purpose of this research consists of a correlative analysis of the impact of sustainable development constraints and Industry 4.0 on sustainability accounting and reporting. To collect information, we developed a semi-structured questionnaire, distributed to the members of The Romanian Chamber of Fiscal Consultants. The data have been processed using correlation and regression analysis. The odds of achieving a higher quality of information provided to stakeholders are greater for those interested in digital transformation, sustainable accounting and reporting digitization, while ensuring data protection and security. In the case of cloud computing users, the digitalization of sustainability accounting and reporting were identified as key factors in the process.

Lean and industry 4.0 principles toward industry 5.0: a conceptual framework and empirical insights from fashion industry

PurposeExamining synergies between Lean, Industry 4.0, and Industry 5.0 principles, the aim is to showcase how Lean's focus on people enhances Industry 5.0 implementations, leading to the development of the Lean 5.0 paradigm. In addition, insights from artisanal industries, like the fashion one, are specifically collected.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a literature review was conducted to define a comprehensive framework to understand how Lean fits into the Human-Centric (HC) paradigm of Industry 5.0. Second, a case study was employed to give empirical insights and identify practical initiatives that brands can pursue, involving two best-in-class leather goods brands located in Italy.FindingsA conceptual framework to pave the way for new paradigm Lean 5.0 was defined and validated through a case study. To path the way for a case study in the fashion industry, the Lean HC paradigm is detailed into domains and related categories to group practices. The empirical insights demonstrate that Lean HC actions can be effectively supported by Industry 4.0 technologies in traditional sectors like the fashion industry, shifting towards Industry 5.0.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework and related practices can be used by companies to facilitate their transition towards Industry 5.0, leveraging on Lean Manufacturing.Originality/valueThe innovative contribution of the present work mainly refers to the proposed conceptual framework, encompassing Lean, HC and Industry 4.0 and introducing Lean 5.0 paradigm. The case study enriches the empirical contributions in the fashion industry.

Patient Experience in the Industry 5.0 Era

The transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 represents an evolution in industrial paradigms, with a renewed focus on the integration of humans and technology. While Industry 4.0 brought significant advances in manufacturing processes, Industry 5.0 goes further, recognizing and valuing human intervention in sectors such as healthcare. This introduction contextualizes Industry 5.0 in the transformation of healthcare systems, emphasizing the pressing need for how these technologies can be effectively applied to improve the patient experience.

Identifying barriers and good practices for implementing circular economy principles in small and medium enterprises

AbstractRecently, the new industrial paradigm of circular economy (CE) has acquired increasing attention. In a CE, the value of materials is preserved by keeping them for as long as possible in the economic system, overcoming the “traditional” linear model (take‐waste‐disposal). Despite its benefits in terms of sustainability, there are still numerous barriers to the implementation of CE principles for companies, and specifically, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) find it difficult to integrate CE principles within their business models due to a shortage of resources. Hence, a qualitative multiple‐case study involving four Italian companies implementing CE principles is conducted. The findings contribute to the development of CE principles in SMEs by proposing good practices, such as encouraging SMEs to engage in research projects to secure initial investments, expanding suppliers' networks to reduce the risk of limited by‐product availability, and implementing organizational training on CE to enhance employees' awareness and skills.