Parabolic Quotients Research Articles

Quotients by parabolic groups and moduli spaces of unstable objects

Motivated by constructing moduli spaces of unstable objects, we use new ideas in non-reductive GIT to construct quotients by parabolic group actions. For moduli problems with semistable moduli spaces constructed by reductive GIT, we consider associated instability (or HKKN) stratifications, which are often closely related to Harder-Narasimhan stratifications, and construct quotients of the unstable strata under various stabiliser assumptions by further developing ideas of non-reductive GIT. Our approach is to construct parabolic quotients in stages, in order for the required stabiliser assumptions to be more readily verified. To illustrate these ideas, we construct moduli spaces for certain sheaves of fixed Harder-Narasimhan type on a projective scheme in cases where our stabiliser assumptions can be verified.

Parabolic Tamari Lattices in Linear Type B

We study parabolic aligned elements associated with the type-$B$ Coxeter group and the so-called linear Coxeter element. These elements were introduced algebraically in (Mühle and Williams, 2019) for parabolic quotients of finite Coxeter groups and were characterized by a certain forcing condition on inversions. We focus on the type-$B$ case and give a combinatorial model for these elements in terms of pattern avoidance. Moreover, we describe an equivalence relation on parabolic quotients of the type-$B$ Coxeter group whose equivalence classes are indexed by the aligned elements. We prove that this equivalence relation extends to a congruence relation for the weak order. The resulting quotient lattice is the type-$B$ analogue of the parabolic Tamari lattice introduced for type $A$ in (Mühle and Williams, 2019).

Linear extensions and shelling orders

AbstractWe prove that linear extensions of the Bruhat order of a matroid are shelling orders and that the barycentric subdivision of a matroid is a Coxeter matroid, viewing barycentric subdivisions as subsets of a parabolic quotient of a symmetric group. A similar result holds for order ideals in minuscule quotients of symmetric groups and in their barycentric subdivisions. Moreover, we apply promotion and evacuation for labeled graphs of Malvenuto and Reutenauer to dual graphs of simplicial complexes, introducing promotion and evacuation of shelling orders.

The intermediate orders of a Coxeter group

We define a class of partial orders on a Coxeter group associated with sets of reflections. In special cases, these lie between the left weak order and the Bruhat order. We prove that these posets are graded by the length function and that the projections on the right parabolic quotients are always order preserving. We also introduce the notion of k k -Bruhat graph, k k -absolute length and k k -absolute order, proposing some related conjectures and problems.

A new approach to a theorem of Eng

The main aim of this work is to give a case-free algebraic proof for a theorem of Eng on the Poincaré polynomial of parabolic quotients of finite Coxeter groups evaluated at -1.

Signed Mahonian on parabolic quotients of colored permutation groups

We study the generating polynomial of the flag major index with each one-dimensional character, called signed Mahonian polynomial, over the colored permutation group, the wreath product of a cyclic group with the symmetric group. Using the insertion lemma of Han and Haglund–Loehr–Remmel and a signed extension established by Eu et al., we derive the signed Mahonian polynomial over the quotients of parabolic subgroups of the colored permutation group, for a variety of systems of coset representatives in terms of subsequence restrictions. This generalizes the related work over parabolic quotients of the symmetric group due to Caselli as well as to Eu et al. As a byproduct, we derive a product formula that generalizes Biagioli's result about the signed Mahonian on the even signed permutation groups.

A Consecutive Lehmer Code for Parabolic Quotients of the Symmetric Group

In this article we define an encoding for parabolic permutations that distinguishes between parabolic $231$-avoiding permutations. We prove that the componentwise order on these codes realizes the parabolic Tamari lattice, and conclude a direct and simple proof that the parabolic Tamari lattice is isomorphic to a certain $\nu$-Tamari lattice, with an explicit bijection. Furthermore, we prove that this bijection is closely related to the map $\Theta$ used when the lattice isomorphism was first proved in (Ceballos, Fang and Mühle, 2020), settling an open problem therein.

Special idempotents and projections

We define, for any special matching of a finite graded poset, an idempotent, regressive and order preserving function. We consider the monoid generated by such functions. We call special idempotent any idempotent element of this monoid. They are interval retracts. Some of them realize a kind of parabolic map and are called special projections. We prove that, in Eulerian posets, the image of a special projection, and its complement, are graded induced subposets. In a finite Coxeter group, all projections on right and left parabolic quotients are special projections, and some projections on double quotients too. We extend our results to special partial matchings.

Noncrossing Arc Diagrams, Tamari Lattices, and Parabolic Quotients of the Symmetric Group

Ordering permutations by containment of inversion sets yields a fascinating partial order on the symmetric group: the weak order. This partial order is, among other things, a semidistributive lattice. As a consequence, every permutation has a canonical representation as a join of other permutations. Combinatorially, these canonical join representations can be modeled in terms of arc diagrams. Moreover, these arc diagrams also serve as a model to understand quotient lattices of the weak order. A particularly well-behaved quotient lattice of the weak order is the well-known Tamari lattice, which appears in many seemingly unrelated areas of mathematics. The arc diagrams representing the members of the Tamari lattices are better known as noncrossing partitions. Recently, the Tamari lattices were generalized to parabolic quotients of the symmetric group. In this article, we undertake a structural investigation of these parabolic Tamari lattices, and explain how modified arc diagrams aid the understanding of these lattices.

The Sperner property for 132‐avoiding intervals in the weak order

A well-known result of Stanley from 1980 implies that the weak order on a maximal parabolic quotient of the symmetric group $S_n$ has the Sperner property; this same property was recently established for the weak order on all of $S_n$ by Gaetz and Gao, resolving a long-open problem. In this paper we interpolate between these results by showing that the weak order on any parabolic quotient of $S_n$ (and more generally on any $132$-avoiding interval) has the Sperner property. This result is proven by exhibiting an action of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ respecting the weak order on these intervals. As a corollary we obtain a new formula for principal specializations of Schubert polynomials. Our formula can be seen as a strong Bruhat order analogue of Macdonald's reduced word formula. This proof technique and formula generalize work of Hamaker, Pechenik, Speyer, and Weigandt and Gaetz and Gao.

Tamari Lattices for Parabolic Quotients of the Symmetric Group

We generalize the Tamari lattice by extending the notions of $231$-avoiding permutations, noncrossing set partitions, and nonnesting set partitions to parabolic quotients of the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_{n}$. We show bijectively that these three objects are equinumerous. We show how to extend these constructions to parabolic quotients of any finite Coxeter group. The main ingredient is a certain aligned condition of inversion sets; a concept which can in fact be generalized to any reduced expression of any element in any (not necessarily finite) Coxeter group.

Structural Folding and Multi-Highest-Weight Subcrystals of $B(\infty )$

We introduce a procedure to fold the structure of a crystal B of simply-laced Cartan type \({\mathscr{C}}\) by the action of an automorphism σ. This produces a crystal Bσ for the folded Langlands dual datum \({\mathscr{C}}^{\sigma \vee }\) which properly contains the well-studied \({\mathscr{C}}^{\sigma \vee }\) crystal of σ-invariant points. Our construction preserves normality and the Weyl group action, and is compatible with Kashiwara’s tensor product rule. Combinatorial properties of \(B(\infty )_{\sigma }\) reflect the structure of a subalgebra of \(U_{q}^{-}({\mathscr{C}})\), which is naturally a module over the graded-σ-fixed-point subalgebra of \(U_{q}^{-}({\mathscr{C}})\) via Berenstein and Greenstein’s quantum folding procedure. We find that \(B(\infty )_{\sigma }\) is generated by a set of highest-weight elements over the monoid of root operators. Through the Kashiwara-Nakashima-Zelevinsky polyhedral realization, the highest-weight set identifies with a commutative monoid which admits a Hilbert basis in finite type. A subset of the Weyl group called the balanced parabolic quotient is in one-to-one correspondence with the Hilbert basis for the pair \(\left ({\mathscr{C}}, {\mathscr{C}}^{\sigma \vee } \right ) = \left (D_{r}, C_{r-1} \right )\), and identifies with a proper subset of the Hilbert basis in other finite types. We obtain an explicit combinatorial description of the highest-weight set of \(B(\infty )_{\sigma }\) by establishing a connection between the action of root operators on \(B(\infty )\) and the semigroup structure in the polyhedral realization.

The classification of blocks in BGG category $${\mathcal {O}}$$

We classify all equivalences between the indecomposable abelian categories which appear as blocks in BGG category $${\mathcal {O}}$$ for reductive Lie algebras. Our classification implies that a block in category $${\mathcal {O}}$$ only depends on the Bruhat order of the relevant parabolic quotient of the Weyl group. As part of the proof, we observe that any finite dimensional algebra with simple preserving duality admits at most one quasi-hereditary structure.

Refined cyclic sieving on words for the major index statistic

Reiner–Stanton–White (Reiner et al., 2004) defined the cyclic sieving phenomenon (CSP) associated to a finite cyclic group action and a polynomial. A key example arises from the length generating function for minimal length coset representatives of a parabolic quotient of a finite Coxeter group. In type A, this result can be phrased in terms of the natural cyclic action on words of fixed content.There is a natural notion of refinement for many CSP’s. We formulate and prove a refinement, with respect to the major index statistic, of this CSP on words of fixed content by also fixing the cyclic descent type. The argument presented is completely different from Reiner–Stanton–White’s representation-theoretic approach. It is combinatorial and largely, though not entirely, bijective in a sense we make precise with a “universal” sieving statistic on words, flex.A building block of our argument involves cyclic sieving for shifted subset sums, which also appeared in Reiner–Stanton–White. We give an alternate, largely bijective proof of a refinement of this result by extending some ideas of Wagon–Wilf (Wagon and Wilf, 1994).

Balanced parabolic quotients and branching rules for Demazure crystals

We study a subset of a parabolic quotient in a simply laced Weyl group W--stable under an automorphism $$\sigma $$ź--which we call the balanced parabolic quotient. This subset describes the interaction between the branching rule for a Levi subalgebra, Demazure modules, and $$\sigma $$ź-invariant weight spaces in $$\sigma $$ź-stable simple modules for the corresponding Lie algebra. The Hasse diagram of the balanced parabolic quotient in types A and D under the Bruhat order is a directed forest with a remarkable self-similarity property, and its order is related to the Fibonacci sequence. We characterize an element of a balanced quotient on the level of the root system of W and find that the subalgebras of the Borel associated with these elements decompose into the direct sum of two subalgebras: one contained in the Borel for a Levi subalgebra and another consisting of $$\sigma $$ź-invariants.

Tamari Lattices for Parabolic Quotients of the Symmetric Group

We present a generalization of the Tamari lattice to parabolic quotients of the symmetric group. More precisely, we generalize the notions of 231-avoiding permutations, noncrossing set partitions, and nonnesting set partitions to parabolic quotients, and show bijectively that these sets are equinumerous. Furthermore, the restriction of weak order on the parabolic quotient to the parabolic 231-avoiding permutations is a lattice quotient. Lastly, we suggest how to extend these constructions to all Coxeter groups. Nous présentons une généralisation du treillis de Tamari aux quotients paraboliques du groupe symétrique. Plus précisément, nous généralisons les notions de permutations qui évitent le motif 231, les partitions non-croisées, et les partitions non-emboîtées aux quotients paraboliques, et nous montrons de façon bijective que ces ensembles sont équipotents. En restreignant l’ordre faible du quotient parabolique aux permutations paraboliques qui évitent le motif 231, on obtient un quotient de treillis d’ordre faible. Enfin, nous suggérons comment étendre ces constructions à tous les groupes de Coxeter.

Bijective projections on parabolic quotients of affine Weyl groups

Affine Weyl groups and their parabolic quotients are used extensively as indexing sets for objects in combinatorics, representation theory, algebraic geometry, and number theory. Moreover, in the classical Lie types we can conveniently realize the elements of these quotients via intuitive geometric and combinatorial models such as abaci, alcoves, coroot lattice points, core partitions, and bounded partitions. In [2], Berg et al. described a bijection between $$n$$n-cores with first part equal to $$k$$k and $$(n-1)$$(n-1)-cores with first part less than or equal to $$k$$k, and they interpret this bijection in terms of these other combinatorial models for the quotient of the affine symmetric group by the finite symmetric group. In this paper, we discuss how to generalize the bijection of Berg---Jones---Vazirani to parabolic quotients of affine Weyl groups in type $$C$$C. We develop techniques using the associated affine hyperplane arrangement to interpret this bijection geometrically as a projection of alcoves onto the hyperplane containing their coroot lattice points. We are thereby able to analyze this bijective projection in the language of various additional combinatorial models developed by Hanusa and Jones [10], such as abaci, core partitions, and canonical reduced expressions in the Coxeter group.

A Uniform Model for Kirillov-Reshetikhin Crystals I: Lifting the Parabolic Quantum Bruhat Graph

We lift the parabolic quantum Bruhat graph into the Bruhat order on the affine Weyl group and into Littelmann's poset on level-zero weights. We establish a quantum analogue of Deodhar's Bruhat-minimum lift from a parabolic quotient of the Weyl group. This result asserts a remarkable compatibility of the quantum Bruhat graph on the Weyl group, with the cosets for every parabolic subgroup. Also, we generalize Postnikov's lemma from the quantum Bruhat graph to the parabolic one; this lemma compares paths between two vertices in the former graph. The results in this paper will be applied in a second paper to establish a uniform construction of tensor products of one-column Kirillov-Reshetikhin (KR) crystals, and the equality, for untwisted affine root systems, between the Macdonald polynomial with t set to zero and the graded character of tensor products of one-column KR modules.

Universal Reflection Subgroups and Exponential Growth in Coxeter Groups

We investigate the imaginary cone in hyperbolic Coxeter systems in order to show that any Coxeter system contains universal reflection subgroups of arbitrarily large rank. Furthermore, in the hyperbolic case, the positive spans of the simple roots of the universal reflection subgroups are shown to approximate the imaginary cone (using an appropriate topology on the set of roots), answering a question due to Dyer [9] in the special case of hyperbolic Coxeter systems. Finally, we discuss growth in Coxeter systems and utilize the previous results to extend the results of [16] regarding exponential growth in parabolic quotients in Coxeter groups.

Signed mahonians on some trees and parabolic quotients

We study the distribution of the major index with sign on some parabolic quotients of the symmetric group, extending and generalizing simultaneously results of Gessel–Simion and Adin–Gessel–Roichman, and on the labellings of some special trees that we call rakes. We further consider and compute the distribution of the flag-major index on some parabolic quotients of wreath products and other related groups. All these distributions turn out to have very simple factorization formulas.