Incidence Of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Research Articles

Genetic and Epigenetic Association of FOXP3 with Papillary Thyroid Cancer Predisposition.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy with an increased female incidence ratio. The specific traits of X chromosome inheritance may be implicated in gender differences of PTC predisposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of two X-linked genes, Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) and Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 3F (PPP1R3F), with PTC predisposition and gender disparity. One hundred thirty-six patients with PTC and an equal number of matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Genotyping for rs3761548 (FOXP3) and rs5953283 (PPP1R3F) was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). The methylation status of FOXP3 was assessed using the combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) method. The SPSS software was used for statistical analyses. Gender stratification analysis revealed that the CA and AA genotypes and the A allele of FOXP3 rs3761548 variant are associated with PTC predisposition only in females. Moreover, different methylation status was observed up to the promoter locus of FOXP3 between PTC female patients, carrying the CA and CC genotype, and controls. Both revealed associations may explain the higher PTC incidence in females through reducing FOXP3 expression as reported in immune related blood cells.

Interactions between LAMP3+ dendritic cells and T-cell subpopulations promote immune evasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma

BackgroundThe incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) continues to rise all over the world, 10–15% of the patients have a poor prognosis. Although immunotherapy has been applied in clinical practice,...

Early-pregnancy sex steroid and thyroid function hormones, thyroid autoimmunity, and maternal papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the Finnish Maternity Cohort.

Thyroid cancer more commonly affects women than men and is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer among women of reproductive age. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort to evaluate pre-diagnostic sex steroid and thyroid function markers in relation to subsequent maternal papillary thyroid cancer. Cases (n = 605) were women ages 18-44 years, who provided an early-pregnancy (<20 weeks gestation) blood sample and were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer up to 11 years afterward. Controls (n = 1185) were matched to cases 2:1 by gestational age, mother's age, and date at blood draw. Odds ratios (ORs) for the associations of serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), progesterone, and estradiol with papillary thyroid cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression. TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab positivity (>95th percentile among controls) were associated with more than 3-fold (OR = 3.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33-4.72) and 2-fold (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.41-2.93) increased odds of papillary thyroid cancer, respectively. These associations were similar by time since blood draw, parity, gestational age, smoking status, and age and stage at diagnosis. In models excluding TPO-Ab or Tg-Ab positivity, TPO-Ab (quartile 4 vs. 1: OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.37, p-trend = .002) and Tg-Ab (quartile 4 vs. 1: OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.22-2.49, p-trend = .01) levels were positively associated with papillary thyroid cancer. No associations were observed for estradiol, progesterone, TSH, fT3, or fT4 overall. Our results suggest that thyroid autoimmunity in early pregnancy may increase the risk of maternal papillary thyroid cancer.

Naive and regulatory B-cell transcription patterns guide the increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in obesity.

A growing number of studies suggest a positive association between obesity and the high incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), suggesting that the abnormal levels of adipokines associated with obesity may be a risk factor for these aggressive thyroid cancers, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not yet clear. We downloaded bulk RNA sequence data for subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in obesity and healthy population and tumor tissues of PTC from GEO database. Through analysis of Differential Expression Genes (DEGs), Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA), we identified co-expressed genes between obesity and PTC, and their pathways were mainly enriched in the regulation of B-cells. Furthermore, through TCGA-THCA (thyroid carcinoma) cohorts analysis, we identified B-cell regulatory-related genes LEF1, TNFRSF13C, SHLD2 and SHLD3 as independent prognostic markers of PTC. Next, we explored the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the increased risk of PTC in obesity through analysis of DNA methylation CpGs data and single-cell RNA sequences (scRNA-seq) from GEO database. PTC-induced hypomethylation of the promoter region may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes, while these genes were further identified in naive and regulatory B-cells of both diseases. Notably, both of the gene expressions in naive and regulatory B-cells showed high similarity in both diseases. Our data reveals the high frequency of PTC in obese populations may be explained by the comparable transcriptional patterns of naive and regulatory B-cells, and offers novel insights for the analysis of critical genes and underlying biological mechanisms for obesity and PTC.

Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of ipsilateral cervical central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: a population-based study.

The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has increased dramatically, and it is susceptible to cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM), predominantly in the ipsilateral cervical central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Ipsilateral cervical CLNM affects patients' surgical options and survival rates. In this study, we integrated multiple factors to establish a nomogram-based preoperative prediction model of ipsilateral cervical CLNM in PTC. Data were retrospectively collected from 609 patients with PTC admitted to Peking University International Hospital, all of whom underwent ipsilateral cervical lymph node dissection. They were randomly divided into a modeling set and validation set in the ratio of 7:3. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for ipsilateral cervical CLNM in PTC and to construct a nomogram model. The performance of nomogram CLNM prediction was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Binary Logistic Regression showed that age, history of osteoporosis, complicated by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, enlarged lymph nodes in the central neck, and extrathyroidal extension were risk factors for ipsilateral cervical CLNM. Combining these five independent risk factors, a nomogram prediction model was developed. In the modeling set, the area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram ROC was 0.782 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.730-0.833], and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 0.761 and 0.763, respectively, with a well-calibrated curve fit. Moreover, the model presented better discrimination than any of the independent risk factors. The nomogram performed well in the validation set (AUC 0.753; 95% CI: 0.648-0.858). A non-invasive, and accurate nomogram prediction model for ipsilateral cervical CLNM of PTC was established. It can help physicians identify patients with a high risk of ipsilateral cervical CLNM of PTC preoperative for individualized treatment.

Demographic, clinical, and surgical features of patients undergoing thyroidectomy due to thyroid lesions in Southern Iran: A cross-sectional study.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has witnessed a significant global increase and stands as one of the most prevalent cancers in Iran. This surge is primarily attributed to the escalating incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), with overdiagnosis emerging as an equally noteworthy factor. Consequently, this study aims to ascertain the incidence of thyroid cancer, along with its clinical presentation, demographic characteristics, and surgical features in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. This cross-sectional study involved the evaluation of patient files from referral centers in Shiraz spanning the years 2015-2020. Demographic and clinical information pertaining to thyroid cancer was extracted and subsequently analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 533 documented cases of thyroid cancer undergoing surgery revealed an annual rate of 89 cases in our location. The average age of the patients was 43.9 ± 13.4 years (ranging from 13 to 92), with females constituting 429 (83.5%) of the cases, and 278 (54.1%) being malignant. Conventional PTC emerged as the most prevalent pathology, accounting for 239 (45.0%) of the cases. Patients with thyromegaly exhibited significantly higher incidences of nonmalignant tumors (p = 0.01), while those with malignant tumors were notably younger than those with nonmalignant tumors (p = 0.001). Our study revealed a progressive rise in the number of patients undergoing thyroidectomy over the years, with PTC constituting the majority of cases. Malignant cases were more frequently observed in younger patients, and in smaller lesion sizes, highlighting the importance of early screening and optimizing detection methods, especially in high-risk populations.

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Trends in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Shift toward a More Aggressive Entity?

Globally, the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been increasing over the last few decades and it has become the second most common cancer in women in the UAE. There is some evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection might be directly linked to the development of aggressive variants of PTC. The primary goal of this study was to compare the clinical and pathologic characteristics of thyroid cancer patients treated at the largest endocrine surgery center in Abu Dhabi before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. This retrospective cohort analysis included patients who underwent elective thyroid surgery at Burjeel Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on when the COVID-19 outbreak started: group one, comprising patients who had surgery between January 2018 and December 2019 (the "pre-pandemic group"), and group two, comprising patients who had surgery between January 2021 and December 2022 (the "post-pandemic group"). In addition to demographic data, clinicopathological factors, such as aggressive cell type, multifocality, tumor size and location, laterality, lympho-vascular invasion, and extrathyroidal extension, were assessed. We utilized the t-paired test for parametric variables and the Chi-square test for the cross-table analysis. During the study, 1141 people had thyroid surgery, with an annual average of 285 procedures. PTC cases recorded in the final histopathological samples rose from 111 in the pre-pandemic era to 182 in the post-pandemic era. Neither the female-to-male gender ratio, which was 90:21 in the pre-pandemic group and 142:40 in the post-pandemic group (p = 0.532), nor the median age, which was 39.1 and 40.1 years, respectively, varied significantly between the two groups. However, there was a significant increase between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic in the aggressive PTC variants (3% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001), increased poor prognostic factors such as bilateral multifocality (10.8% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.000), as well as increased capsule-vascular tumor invasion (19.8% vs. 27%); on the other hand, the size of the single foci was 17 mm in the pre-pandemic group compared to 13 mm in the post-pandemic group (p = 0.001). A significant rise in unfavorable prognostic markers and aggressive subtypes of PTC was seen post-pandemic in thyroidectomy patients operated on at a leading endocrine surgery center in the United Arab Emirates.

Risk Stratification of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital Endocrinology Clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), a well-differentiated form of cancer, accounts for the majority of thyroid malignancies, and the incidence of PTC is on the rise. While the rate of PTC recurrence is considered to be low, there are broad spectrums of clinical and biological behavior that can lead to disease recurrence. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification system for differentiated thyroid cancer is used as a prognostic tool to guide decision-making and management strategies most likely to achieve a favorable outcome. Aim This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PTC recurrence in each category of the ATA risk stratification system and determine the appropriate iodine dose to be administered at the King Abdulaziz Medical City Endocrinology Clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective chart review was conducted on adult patients with PTC who underwent thyroidectomy procedures at the King Abdullah SpecializedChildren'sHospital(KASCH) Endocrinology Clinic in Riyadh between 2015 and 2023. IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for data analysis. Results Of the 697 patients included in the study, 82.4% were females. About 5% had suffered from PTC recurrence, and 54.4% had low-risk stratification. In addition, more than half (52.1%) had received radioactive iodine (RAI). The recurrence of PTC was significantly associated with age (P = 0.019), ATA risk stratification (P = 0.0001), RAI therapy (P = 0.001), and iodine dosage (P = 0.013). Conclusion Both low PTC recurrence rates and low-risk stratification were observed among the PTC patients. The risk factors relating to PTC recurrence included high-risk stratification, advanced age, RAItherapy, and the dosage of RAI administered.

The BRAFV600E mutation maintains the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancers requiring downregulation of primary cilia

Although disorders of primary cilia (PCs) were first reported in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissues in 1987, their precise role in PTC remains unclear. PCs sense the thyroid follicle colloid environment and act as a cell signaling hub. The present study investigated whether PCs are needed for BRAFV600E-driven PTC. We assessed whether BRAFV600E protein expression correlates with papillary histological architecture and clinicopathological features of PTC. We found that expression of ciliary intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88) and PC formation were reduced in BRAFV600E-driven PTCs and that loss of cilia may be associated with lymph node metastasis. In PTC cells, the BRAFV600E mutation maintained the aggressiveness of PTC, which was partially related to loss of PCs. Our work confirms that BRAFV600E mutation-driven PC downregulation contributes to maintaining the aggressiveness of PTCs and that manipulating PC can potentially reduce the adverse incidence of PTC in a range of conditions.

SAT515 Searching For Markers To Identify Angioinvasion In Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Abstract Disclosure: A. Buczyńska: None. M. Kościuszko: None. I. Sidorkiewicz: None. A. Wiatr: None. K. Siewko: None. A. Adamska: None. A. Krętowski: None. A. Popławska-Kita: None. The incidence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) has increased significantly over last decades. Despite the great progress in PTC clinical management, the association of angioinvasion with tumor aggressiveness in PTC remains as significant clinical problem, suggesting worse patients prognosis. Therefore cancer metastasis occurs through cell detachment and angioinvasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration, changes in cell morphology are initiated through Rho-GTPase-dependent actin cytoskeleton polymerization. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is generated accordingly to increased oxidative stress, however has been characterized by paradoxical anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic effects following Rho-GTPase inhibition, which were noted in various cancer models. Since oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the main risk factors for thyroid cancer development and progression, the total oxidative and antioxidant capacities may also be potentially involved in the process of angioinvasion. Regardless, the identification of angioinvasion in PTC remains controversial mainly due to loose criteria in judging vascular invasion. Thus, searching for laboratory biomarkers of angioinvasion is of paramount importance.In this study, the potential screening utility of oxidative stress-related markers, such as total oxidative capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 8-OHdG was assessed to identify angioinvasion in PTC patients.For the purpose od this study, 50 patients diagnosed with angioinvasive PTC (study group) and 50 patients with very low risk PTC (control group) were enrolled. The TOC, TAC and 8-OHdG concentrations were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following the received results, the TAC and 8-OHdG concentrations were decresed among study group comparing to control group (p&amp;lt;0.001; p&amp;lt;0.02, respectively). However, there were no differences in TOC among studied groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). The AUC values for TAC=0.76 and AUC for 8-OHdG= 0.70 (all, p&amp;lt;0.05) suggest their screening utility. The results indicate that angioinvasion process is associated with decreased antioxidant defense in PTC patients which may insight new medical targets in the future. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Abstract 4208: Incidence of papillary thyroid cancer: comparison of the military with the general population by race, gender, and tumor stage/size

Abstract Background: A previous study found that the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer was higher in the US military than in the general population and the difference was larger among Black than White patients for both men and women. This study compared the military to the general population in thyroid cancer incidence by not only race and gender but also tumor stage and size to assess possible factors related to the identified differences. Methods: The study subjects were men and women aged 18-59 histologically diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer from 1990-2013 in the military and the general population. The data were from the Department of Defense’s Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Age adjusted rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) comparing ACTUR to SEER were calculated. Comparisons were made by race (Black, White), gender, cancer stage (local, regional, distant), and tumor size (0-2 cm, &amp;gt;2 cm). Results: Higher age-adjusted incidence rates in ACTUR than SEER were more obvious for Black (IRR=2.07, 95% CI=1.56-2.70) than White (IRR=1.17, 95% CI=1.07-1.26) men and for Black (IRR=2.30, 95% CI=1.91-2.71) than White (IRR=1.50, 95% CI=1.38-1.64) women, respectively. In further analysis by tumor stage, the difference between the two populations was observed only for localized tumors, which was larger for Blacks for both men and women. The analysis by tumor size showed that the difference between the populations existed in both 0-2 cm and &amp;gt;2 cm tumors, but only in Blacks among men and was larger for Blacks than Whites among women. Conclusion: The observations that a higher incidence in the military than the general population primarily existed in localized tumors suggest that universal care in the military may lead to earlier detection of the cancer. The larger differences for Blacks than Whites suggest that such impact may be larger for Blacks, who are less likely to have timely care in the general population. Nevertheless, the observed differences between the populations for tumors larger than 2cm suggest that other factors may also play a role. Disclaimer: The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, opinions or policies of NCI, USUHS, HJF, the DoD or the Departments of the Army, Navy or Air Force. Mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Citation Format: Julie A. Bytnar, Lindsey Enewold, Craig D. Shriver, Kangmin Zhu. Incidence of papillary thyroid cancer: comparison of the military with the general population by race, gender, and tumor stage/size. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4208.

Papillary thyroid cancer in children. Clinical cases

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine tumor in pediatric patients. Papillary carcinoma accounts for the highest rate among differentiated TCs (80—90%). Papillary thyroid cancer in children is clinically different from this pathology in adults. In comparison with adults, papillary thyroid cancer in children is diagnosed at later stages and is associated with a more aggressive course of the disease. Despite the high frequency of metastases and recurrences of papillary thyroid cancer in children, the prognosis remains favorable. In Ukraine, 10 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the average incidence rates of papillary thyroid cancer among children of all ages gradually decreased, but since 2010—2011, a negative trend towards an increase in the number of new cases of pathology, especially children under 14 years of age, has been restored. Several studies suggest that the increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer is only partially explained by the increase in the number of preventive examinations performed, as there is also an increase in the detection of large tumors and the diagnosis of advanced stages of the disease.Over the past 14 years, 759 children aged 3 to 18 from all regions of Ukraine were operated in the clinic of the Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Center for Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Center). From them, based on the results of histopathological examinations, papillary thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 290 (38.2%) children (including 73.45% girls and 26.55% boys). In most cases, the disease was diagnosed during adolescence, except for isolated cases among children of primary school and preschool age. The paper presents two clinical cases.Annual preventive thyroid ultrasound investigation is required for early diagnosis of nodular goiter, including malignant thyroid tumors, especially in children with a burdened family history of these tumors. Any nodular goiter in children should be considered potentially malignant until its benign nature is proven by appropriate qualified investigations. To ensure proper and timely verification of malignant thyroid tumors in pediatric patients, to avoid unjustified (insufficient or excessive) surgical treatment of children with thyroid tumors, such patients should be referred to medical institutions with modern diagnostic capabilities and expert‑level surgical experience in the treatment of children with nodular goiter and malignant thyroid tumors.

Can Butein be a Future Candidate for the Treatment of Advance Metastatic Thyroid Cancer?

The incidence and prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are increasing worldwide and it is the 5th most common endocrine cancer in females. In addition to this, the frequency of resistance toward radio-iodine therapy is also increasing in PTC patients (Advanced metastatic thyroid cancer). External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy are used for the treatment of such patients.

Preconditioning of the immune system modulates the response of papillary thyroid cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors

BackgroundThe response of solid tumors such as papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is highly variable. The biological basis of this variability remains unknown.MethodsTo test the hypothesis...

Histone acetylation modifications: A potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer is a common malignancy of the endocrine system, with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) being the most common type of pathology. The incidence of PTC is increasing every year. Histone acetylation modification is an important part of epigenetics, regulating histone acetylation levels through histone acetylases and histone deacetylases, which alters the proliferation and differentiation of PTC cells and affects the treatment and prognosis of PTC patients. Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce histone acetylation, resulting in the relaxation of chromatin structure and activation of gene transcription, thereby promoting differentiation, apoptosis, and growth arrest of PTC cells.

Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of More than 440,000 Danish Women.

Background: High body mass index (BMI) has previously been associated with increased risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, only few studies have investigated the association with BMI in a large cohort assessed at a young age and with sufficient data on confounding factors. We assessed the association between excess body weight and the risk of DTC and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in a large cohort of young Danish women with substantial confounder control. Methods: We included all parous Danish women registered with a prepregnancy BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 during 2004-2016 in the Danish Medical Birth Registry in the study population. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CIs) of DTC according to BMI. In subanalyses, we investigated PTC as a separate group. Analyses were adjusted for calendar time, education, smoking status, benign thyroid disease (BTD), type II diabetes, parity, and oral contraceptive use. In addition, we examined the association with increasing BMI stratified for previous BTD. Results: A total of 443,403 women were included in the study population, and the median age at baseline was 30.0 years. Altogether, 463 women were diagnosed with DTC during follow-up. Excess body weight was associated with a higher rate of DTC (overweight, BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2: HR = 1.54; CI 1.25-1.90. Obese, BMI ≥30 kg/m2: HR = 1.32; CI 1.00-1.75) compared with normal weight. Results were similar in PTC. In addition, we found an increased rate of DTC with increasing BMI, when investigating BMI as a continuous variable per 5 kg/m2 increase (HR = 1.17; CI 1.07-1.27). The results were similar in women without previous BTD. Conclusions: Our study confirms that excess body weight is associated with an increased incidence of DTC and PTC in women.

Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory networks and key genes associated with papillary thyroid cancer coexistent with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

ObjectiveThe incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) concomitant with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is gradually increasing over the past decades. This study aims to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs between tumor tissues of PTC with or without HT and further to confer a better understanding of lncRNA-based competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in PTC with HT.MethodsGSE138198 containing tissue mRNA data and GSE192560 containing lncRNA data were utilized to perform differentially expression analysis. The ceRNA network was constructed based on miRNA-mRNA interactions merging with lncRNA-microRNA interactions. Functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed. The mRNA levels of core genes in the PPI analysis in tumor tissues collected from 112 PTC patients including 35 cases coexistent with HT were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).ResultsA total of 57 genes and 40 lncRNAs, with value of |log2 fold change (FC)|≥ 1 and the adjusted P-value < 0.05, were deemed as differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs between PTC with and without HT. The pathways most significantly enriched by differentially expressed genes between PTC with and without HT were viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL5, FCGR3A, and CCR2 owned degree values not less than 10 were deemed as core genes differentially expressed between PTC with and without HT. A total of 76 pairs of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA were obtained. Results of qRT-PCR partially demonstrated the bioinformatics results that the mRNA levels of CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL5, and CCR2 were remarkably elevated in tumor tissues collected from PTC patients coexistent with HT than those without HT (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study offers a better understanding of the lncRNA-related ceRNA network involved in PTC with HT, providing novel key genes associated with PTC coexistent with HT.

Multifocal papillary thyroid cancer in children and adults. Lecture

Thyroid cancer is the 9th most common cancer in the world. Thus, in the year 2020, 586.000 cases of thyroid cancer were registered worldwide. The incidence rate among women is 10.1 per 100 thousand population, and among men — 3.1 per 100 thousand population. In Ukraine, in 2019, the standardized rate of incidence of thyroid cancer (world standard) was 6.9 per 100.000 population (2.8 among men, 10.5 among women). In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the cervical spine, thyroid cancer ranks first place among women aged 18 — 29 (19.9 %), fourth among both men aged 18 — 29 (8.3 %, and women aged 30 — 54 (8.1 %). Over the past 40 years, increased incidence of thyroid cancer (in particular, papillary thyroid cancer) is observed in most countries, which can be explained by various factors, for example, overdiagnosis, a change in the prevalence of modified risk factors. In Ukraine, in the period from 1989 to 2012, the rate of incidence of papillary thyroid cancer among men increased by 115 %, among women — by 137 %, the annual increase in incidence of papillary thyroid cancer for men and women was 5 and 6 %, respectively. Multifocality in papillary thyroid cancer is a characteristic feature that is much more common in pediatric patients than in adults, but the number of studies in children is limited, which is associated with a lower prevalence of the disease in children. The results of investigations on the multifocality predictors and its role in influencing relapse, persistence, and survival in patients with papillary thyroid cancer are conflicting in both adults and pediatric population. Among the risk factors of multifocality, a smaller number of controversies concerns the links of metastasis in the lymphatic nodes, radiation in the anamnesis, childhood age, and for bilaterality — multifocality of the primary lobe and the presence of contralateral benign nodes (in adults). Other factors as predictors of multifocality have controversial significance and deserve attention in further research. The identification of reliable predictors of multifocality, especially with the help of preoperative data analysis, as well as multifocality risk stratification will facilitate the complex decision‑making process for the correct treatment tactics of children and adults with papillary thyroid cancer.&#x0D;

Papillary thyroid carcinoma prevalence and its predictors in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Aim: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are among the most common endocrine diseases. Although it has been shown that hyperparathyroidism may be associated with various cancers, the question of whether there is an association between hyperparathyroidism and PTC remains controversial. To evaluate the incidence of concomitant PTC among patients with PHPT and to identify possible risk factors for the development of PTC in these patients.&#x0D; Material and Method: The data of 543 patients who had been operated on due to PHPT in our institution were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who underwent thyroid surgery in conjunction with parathyroidectomy and patients whose diagnosis of PTC was confirmed histopathologically were compared in terms of their clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features. The prevalence of PTC found in patients with PHPT was compared with national rates to estimate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).&#x0D; Results: Of the 456 PHPT patients enrolled in the study, 281 (61.6%) had concomitant thyroid nodules on thyroid ultrasonography, and PTC was detected in 53 (11.6%) patients during their thyroid surgeries. Compared to the general population, the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer was increased in both women and men with PHPT (SIR: 272.2, 95% CI: 201.6-360.0, p

A Significance of Concomitant BRAFV600E and TERT Mutations in Polish Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on 430 Cases.

Background: The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide due to more frequent pathological detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC), which are cancers measuring 1 cm or less in diameter. In rare cases, the course of PTMC can be aggressive, with an increased risk of recurrence/persistent disease. The aim of this study of Polish patients diagnosed with PTMC was to assess the impact of concomitant B-type Raf kinas-activating mutation in codon 600 of exon 15 (BRAFV600E) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) hotspot mutations on clinicopathological features, response to treatment, potential recurrence, and the final outcome. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the 430 PTMC cases diagnosed during 2001-2020 at a single center was performed. All PTMC cases were assessed histopathologically, and analyses of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter were performed based on DNA isolated from tumor blocks. Results: There were 29/430 (6.7% [confidence interval: 4.6-9.5]) patients in whom the TERTC228T and/or TERTC250T mutations coexisted with the BRAFV600E mutation. A statistical comparison between PTMC cases with concomitant BRAFV600E and TERT hotspot mutations and those without any of those mutations revealed no significant differences between the two groups with respect to risk stratification, response to primary treatment, clinical course, or final disease status. Conclusion: Regardless of the molecular background of PTMC, the overall response to therapy is excellent, and long-term disease-free survival rates can be achieved by most patients.