Pattern Of Papillae Research Articles

Morphological Features of Tongue in Domestic Cat Felis Catus

The current study aimed to identify the morphological description of the domestic cat tongue; thus for this purpose, five domestic cats of both sexes were collected from the local markets of Baghdad governorate, and then the animals were anesthetized and the tongue was removed from them. Fresh tongue samples were fixed using formalin (10%), and the preserved samples were dyed with methyl blue. The results showed that the tongue is an elongated organ divided into three regions: a somewhat flat rounded apex, this region contains a central depression called the middle groove. The second region is the lingual body region represents the largest region of the tongue, whereas its last region, called the root which has a lingual prominence on its dorsal surface. In addition, the dorsal surface of the tongue is covered by five types of lingual papillae, the most common of which are filiform papillae that spread over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue, while the presence of cylindrical papillae is limited to a specific area of the lingual body close to the apex. Moreover, the fungiform papillae spread between the filiform papillae and gradually increase in size towards the lingual root, while the presence of circumvallate papillae is limited to the lingual root and its number is 5 papillae. Finally, the foliate papillae are located on both sides of the lingual root, while the ventral surface of tongue is smooth without lingual papillae. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the distribution pattern of the lingual papillae in the domestic cat differs from the rest of the other mammalians.

A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Amphisbaena darwinii (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Argentina

In the present study, we describe and illustrate Aplectana nananae n. sp. from the large intestine of Amphisbaena darwinii. Aplectana nananae n. sp. is the second species described in Argentinian amphisbaenian hosts and the 60th species assigned to the genus. This species differs from its congeners by a set of unique characters in males: the presence of 1 unpaired preanal papilla and gubernaculum, the papillae pattern (8+1:2:2) and total number (24+1), very conspicuous and prominent excretory pore, located anterior to the esophageal bulb and the size of spicules (60-70 μm).

A revision of the gudgeon genus Hypseleotris (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) of northwest Australia, describing three new species and synonymizing the genus Kimberleyeleotris.

Species within the northwest Australian clade of Hypseleotris (six species) and the genus Kimberleyeleotris (two species) are reviewed following the recording of new populations in the region and a molecular study of the group that identified three undescribed candidate species. Based on the analysis of extensive morphological and nuclear and mitochondrial molecular datasets, Kimberleyeleotris is here formally synonymised with Hypseleotris. Furthermore, three species from the Kimberley region, Western Australia, are described to science: Hypseleotris maranda sp. nov., Hypseleotris wunduwala sp. nov., and Hypseleotris garawudjirri sp. nov. The presence of, or number of scales across the head and body, the pattern of sensory papillae on the head, fin ray counts, dorsal and anal fin colouration (particularly in breeding males), and body depth, can be used to distinguish the members of the northwest Australia lineage. Furthermore, the newly described species were genetically separated from all northwest Australian congeners by K2P distances ranging from 7.8-11.3% based on the CO1 gene, and 7.7-16.3 % based on the entire mitochondrial genome. Two of the new species, H. maranda sp. nov. and H. wunduwala sp. nov., have extremely narrow ranges being found in single sub-catchments of the Roe and King Edward Rivers respectively. On the other hand, H. garawudjirri sp. nov. is moderately widespread, being found across the Charnley, Calder, and Sale rivers. While the conservation risk to H. maranda sp. nov. and H. wunduwala sp. nov. is inherently high due to their small range, there are currently no obvious local threatening processes to either of these species given their remote locations that are little impacted by human activities.

Clinical atrophy patterns of filiform papillae of the tongue and their relationship with the serum levels of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid in patients with systemic diseases.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical patterns of atrophy of the filiform papillae (FP) of the tongue and their relationship with the serum levels of iron and vitamin B12 among patients with systemic diseases, in a tertiary care center. A cross-sectional, analytical, research study was designed. A systematic tongue examination was performed to evaluate the presence and clinical patterns of FP atrophy. We collected epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data. Statistical analysis included χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and a logistic regression analysis. A total of 87 patients (83.9% females) were included [median age = 55 (range 20-89) years]. Endocrinopathy (60.9%) was the most frequent comorbidity. We found atrophy of the FP in 90.8% of the patients; the atrophy was mild in 83.5% of the cases, and severe in 16.5%. The most common atrophic patterns were as follows: focalized in 64 (73.6%) cases, "U"-shaped pattern in 60 (69%), and generalized in 30 (34.5%). Geographic tongue and median rhomboid glossitis were observed in 12 (13.8%) and 11 (12.6%) subjects, respectively. Lower titers of serum iron were detected in cases with focal (median = 71 vs. 110 mcg/dl) and generalized (median = 55 vs. 78 mcg/dl) FP atrophy (P = 0.03 and P = 0.009, respectively), than their counterparts. The presence of symptomatology was related to the focal pattern of atrophy (P = 0.038). A high frequency of filiform papillary atrophy of the tongue was observed in patients with comorbidities. Some atrophic patterns of the tongue were significantly associated with certain medical conditions.

Morphology, molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Spine-cheek Gudgeon, Eleotris acanthopomus (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from the north-western Indian Ocean

General morphology, cephalic sensory papillae pattern, postcranial osteology, phylogenetic placement, phylogeographic pattern, and distribution of Eleotris acanthopomus Bleeker, 1853 (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Eleotridae) from the north-western Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea) are described. The cephalic papillae pattern follows the ‘open’ opercular pattern, and the cheek pattern ‘2.4’. The vertebral column includes 10 abdominal and 14–15 caudal vertebrae, for a total vertebral count of 24–25. Corroborating the morphological results, DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial COI confirmed that the specimens collected from the Arabian Sea coastal area are conspecific with E. acanthopomus from other Indo-Pacific localities. Eleotris acanthopomus from the Arabian Sea shows the closest phylogenetic relationship to E. pellegrini (11.9% K2P genetic distance). The presence of E. acanthopomus in the coastal area of the Arabian Sea represents the first record of this genus and species for the northern Indian Ocean and markedly expands its known geographical distribution range. A preliminary phylogeographic analysis of the newly collected E. acanthopomus haplotype from the Arabian Sea and archived haplotypes from other Indo-Pacific localities suggests that extensive dispersal occurs among regional populations, most probably during the pelagic larval stage.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), parasitic in hylid frogs from the Brazilian Amazon.

Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 are gastrointestinal parasites commonly found in amphibians and reptiles, with 4 species reported from the Neotropical region. In the present study, a new species of Cosmocercoides, namely Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. is described using integrated approaches such as light and scanning microscopy, and DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. The specimens were collected from the large intestine of 3 species of hylid frogs in Amapá, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by morphological traits, including the pattern of caudal papillae, absence of the gubernaculum, 2 poorly sclerotized spicules, presence of lateral alae and somatic papillae along the body. In addition, our molecular analyses and phylogenetic reconstructions strongly support the status of the new taxon, which clustered poorly with a large clade of Cosmocerca spp. Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. is the 29th species of the genus, the 5th from the Neotropical region, the third reported in Brazil, the second described from the Amazon region and the first belonging to the Neotropical region with molecular data.

A new species of Aplectana Railliet & Henry, 1916 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in the Brazilian Amazon and the taxonomic status of Aplectana longa.

Nematodes of the genus Aplectana Railliet & Henry, 1916 are common parasites of the digestive tract of amphibians and reptiles in the Neotropical region. During a parasite survey on Boana boans (Linnaeus, 1758), we found specimens of nematodes with Aplectana characteristics. We observed a set of characteristics that differs the species of our study from its congeners, and the present study describes a new species of Aplectana parasite of B. boans using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Aplectana pella n. sp. has lateral alae and somatic papillae in males and females; males have equal short spicules, and the gubernaculum is absent. The arrangement of pairs of caudal papillae also differs from other species (2 precloacal,1 adcloacal, and 5 postcloacal+1 unpaired). In females, the vulva is simple, with non-prominent lips, and equatorial. This is the first record of the genus Aplectana parasitizing B. boans and the 58th species described for this genus. Additionally, we added the precloacal papillae pattern of A. delirae, and based on morphological and morphometric characteristics, we propose the reallocation of Aplectana longa to the genus Oxyascaris.

A new alien fish in the Mediterranean Sea; Oxyurichtys keiensis (Smith, 1938) (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae)

An Indian Ocean goby, Oxyurichtys keiensis (Smith, 1938), is recorded from the northern Levantine coast of Turkey. The identification of Oxyurichtys keiensis was carried out using morphological characters and DNA barcoding data. This species is distinguished from only lessepsian congeneric, in the Mediterranean Sea, Oxyurichtys petersii, by sensory papilla pattern, scales in lateral series and tongue shape. In this study, the presence of the 13rd alien gobiid species of the Mediterranean Sea, which tends to create established populations far from its native distribution is presented.

A New Bronchial Parasitic Nematode, Vogeloides (Nematoda: Pneumospiruridae) from Bat Nyctimene cephalotes (Pallas, 1767) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Sulawesi, Indonesia

Vegeloides morowaliensis n.sp. is described from Nyctimene cephalotes, an endemic bat of Sulawesi and Maluku region. To date, the genus consists of seven valid species. This new species can be distinguished from other congeners in the differences of number and pattern of caudal papillae and the length of the esophagus. The seven former Vegeloides species occurred in the host of carnivores (monggose, genette, and cat) and macaque. While V. morowaliensis was obtained from Sulawesi bat, so this study added the new host record for Vegeloides.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Klossnema viguerasi n. sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha: Hystrignathidae) from a Cuban passalid beetle (Coleoptera: Passalidae), first record of the genus for Cuba.

Klossnema viguerasi n. sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha: Hystrignathidae) is described from the passalid beetle Antillanax pertyi (Kaup, 1869), endemic to Cuba. The females of K. viguerasi n. sp. are morphologically similar but slightly longer than K. repentina Cordeiro Artigas, 1983 (1.143 mm vs. 1.000 mm). Both species differ in that K. viguerasi n. sp. has a longer procorpus (139 µm vs. 110 µm), isthmus (39 µm vs. 24 µm), and tail length (28 µm vs. 21 µm). The distance from the vulva to the anterior end is also longer in the new species (0.748 mm vs. 0.650 mm). The males of K. viguerasi n. sp. are larger than K. repentina (0.980 mm vs. 0.800 mm), but their isthmus is shorter (38 µm vs. 48 µm). New features of the cephalic end of both sexes, and copulatory papillae pattern of the males were observed by SEM and the generic diagnosis is emended in order to include such features. The phylogeny of K. viguerasi n. sp. is inferred by the analysis of the D2-D3 domains of the 28S rDNA and the 18S rDNA. This constitutes the first record of the genus Klossnema for the Cuban archipelago and the West Indies.

A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in the Marsupial frog Gastrotheca microdiscus (Amphibia: Hemiphractidae) from Brazil.

Aplectana longa n. sp. (Ascaridida: Cosmocercidae) from the small intestine of Gastrotheca microdiscus (Amphibia: Hemiphractidae) is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by the combination of a unique set of morphological characters: 1) Large body size in both sexes; 2) Lateral alae absent; 3) Gubernaculum present, small, thin, weakly sclerotized, pointed at the distal end and curved proximally at the end, with a small and punctiform papilla-like dilation, and 4) Caudal papillae arrangement (9+1:0:6). The distribution pattern of caudal papillae is similar only to Aplectana chamaeleonsis. Nevertheless, Aplectana longa n. sp. is easily differentiated from this species by the arrangement of precloacal papillae. This is the 57th species of the Aplectana and the 16th species reported from Brazil.

Seed morphology: An addition to the taxonomy of Astragaleae and Trifolieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoidae) from Pakistan.

Seed morphology was described in detail for 12 species belonging to 5 genera of tribes Astragaleae and Trifolieae (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the taxonomic relevance of macromorphological and micromorphological seed characters. The study aims to search for diagnostic seed ultrastructural features that may help to elucidate species identification. For SEM analysis, seed morphological characters including seed form and shape, color and size, ornamentation, epidermal cell shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were investigated. As a result of the study, species-specific characters have been determined. Based on seed exomorphology, three characteristic cell patterns; irregular, round, and flat were observed. In majority of studied taxa, species may be further differentiated based on seed shape, size, and surface ornamentation. The inconsistency in testa cell pattern, shape, and distribution of papillae or protuberances may probably give further insight and significant morphological features at specific and generic level within the tribe. This study illustrated that considerable taxonomic knowledge can be obtained by examining the seed characters of Astragaleae and Trifolieae, particularly at the species level. The results demonstrated that the use of SEM in seed morphology could play a role in the identification of taxa particularly at genus and species level. Twelve species of Astragaleae and Trifolieae were studied in order to describe and investigate the seed morphology and to evaluate the diagnostic value of this character using a SEM. A broader taxon sampling is required for classification at generic and tribal level, besides molecular and phylogenetic studies.

A new species of Aplectana Railliet Henry (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) br /in Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

In the present study, we described and illustrated Aplectana minaensis n. sp. (Ascaridida: Cosmocercidae) from the intestinal caecum of Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Aplectana minaensis n. sp. is the 5th species described in Brazilian hosts and 58th species assigned to the genus. This species differs from its congeners by a set of unique characters in males: the presence of one unpaired precloacal papilla and gubernaculum, the papillae pattern (4+1:2:6) and total number (12+1), and the size of spicules (400-605 µm). Among the Aplectana species with an unpaired precloacal papilla and gubernaculum, only A. minaensis n. sp. and A. nebulosa Gomez, González Sanabria, has less than 20 pairs of caudal papillae. However, these species differ in the number of caudal papillae in males (12+1 vs. 13-14+1, respectively); the number and arrangement of post cloacal papillae (6 pairs: 1st to 4th pairs ventral, 5th pair laterodorsal, 6th pairventral vs. five pairs: 1st and 2nd ventral, 3rd lateral, 4th ventral, 5th lateral); and by the size of spicules (413-600 vs. 85-126 µm).

Morphology of Soboliphyme baturini (Dioctophymatida, Nematoda) by SEM and histological sectioning

Specimens of Soboliphyme baturini (Dioctophymatoida), collected from martens in Alaska, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological sections. Soboliphyme species are recognized by their large oral sucker, which is a muscular organ made of radial and longitudinal musculature. A ring of 6 papillae is present on the outer side of the oral sucker, as well as an individually variable pattern of additional papillae. Papillae are also present in a roughly longitudinal line along the body. We document the histological anatomy of the nervous system, the cervical sacs, pharynx and intestine, the musculature, the mesenteries and the reproductive organs. Several characters documented from S. baturini are proposed as apomorphies of Dioctophymatida: the anterior position of the brain ring, the presence of cervical sacs and the presence of two extracellular and four muscular mesenteries connecting the intestinal system to the body wall.

New Species of Camallanus (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Occidozyga laevis (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Philippines

Camallanus philippinensis n. sp. (Spirurida; Camallanidae) from the intestines of Occidozyga laevis (Gunther, 1858) (Anura; Dicroglossidae) is described and illustrated. Camallanus philippinensis n. sp. represents the 106th species assigned to the genus and the first from Philippine anurans. It is distinguished from other Oriental species by the pattern of caudal papillae (6 precloacal, 4 adcloacal, 8 postcloacal), length of spicule (323–329 µm), and postequatorial vulva. Occidozyga laevis is also found to harbor cyclophyllidean cysticerci. Occidozyga laevis represents a new host record for both of these helminths.

Phenomenon of Genesis of Papillae Pattern Prints on Human Skin

Papillae pattern prints play an essential role in identification of a person. However, their presence on the object found at the scene does not mean that the identified person committed a specific crime or participated in the concealment of the crime. Therefore, no less important is the object on which there are possible papillae pattern prints left, the mechanism of formation and location of them on the object. The skin of a victim, on which one can visualise the papillae pattern prints, can be one of such objects. However, there is a number of factors that may affect the genesis of papillae pattern prints on human skin that one cannot have an impact on. Identifying study and analysis of such factors may affect testing and introduction of visualisation methods of such prints. Papillārlīniju rakstu pēdām ir būtiska loma personas identifikācijā. Tomēr to atrašanās uz kāda objekta, kas atrasts notikuma vietā, vēl nenozīmē, ka identificētā persona ir izdarījusi konkrēto noziedzīgo nodarījumu vai ņēmusi dalību noziedzīga nodarījuma slēpšanā. Tāpēc ne mazāk svarīgs ir objekts, uz kura ir atstātas iespējamās papillārlīniju rakstu pēdas, un jautājums, kāds ir pēdu veidošanās mehānisms un izvietojums uz objekta. Viens no šādiem objektiem varētu būt upura āda, uz kuras ir iespējams vizualizēt papillārlīniju rakstu pēdas. Tomēr pastāv vairāki faktori, kas var ietekmēt papillārlīniju rakstu pēdu ģenēzi uz cilvēka ādas un kurus mēs nevaram ietekmēt. Šādu faktoru apzināšana, izpēte un analīze varētu ietekmēt šo pēdu vizualizēšanas metožu aprobēšanu un ieviešanu praksē.

CORRELATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS’ SERIES IN VISUALIZATION OF PAPILLAE PATTERN PRINTS AND THEIR RECOVERY FROM A DECEASED HUMAN SKIN

The phenomenon of human skin bears in the fact that in commitment of a crime it may be at the same time both a traceforming object and a trace-bearing object. Therefore, the presence of papillae pattern prints on human (victim) skin has long been of experts’ interest. Several experimental series have been conducted with the aim of finding the most optimal method for visualization and recovery of papillae pattern prints from a deceased human skin. One such experimental series was also carried out by the author of the paper.The aim of this paper is to correlate the results of experimental series. The following tasks were set to achieve the aim: to summarize the raw data and the results of the experimental series; to study and analyze common and different in raw data; to study and analyze the potential impact of differences in raw data on the outcome; to study and analyze raw data that can and cannot be influenced. The problem of the study is the divergence of views and opinions concerning the theoretical and practical aspects of the method applied. The novelty of the study is in analysis of raw data and results of experimental series, correlation of results.Analyzing the raw data of the experimental series and the results obtained by the author and foreign researchers it was stated that both similar and different raw data were used in the experimental series; there were experimental series where more raw data were used than in other experimental series; a difference was found between theoretical and practical aspects.

New Species of Falcaustra (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) and Other Helminths in Megophrys stejnegeri (Anura: Megophryidae) from Samar Island, Philippines

Falcaustra samarensis n. sp. (Ascaridida, Kathlaniidae) from the intestines of Megophrys stejnegeri Taylor 1920 (Anura, Megophryidae) is described and illustrated. Falcaustra samarensis n. sp. represents the one hundred fourth species assigned to the genus and the thirty-seventh Oriental species. It is distinguished from other Oriental species by the pattern of caudal papillae (8 precloacal, 2 adcloacal, 10 postcloacal, and 1 median), length of spicules (2,050–3,300 µm) and presence of 1 pseudosucker. Megophrys stejnegeri was also found to harbor 2 additional species of Nematoda, adults of Aplectana ranae and Batrachostrongylus longispiculus. Megophrys stejnegeri represents a new host record for each of these helminth species.

New sonographic marker of borderline ovarian tumor: microcystic pattern of papillae and solid components.

To describe and evaluate the utility of a new sonographic microcystic pattern, which is typical of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) papillary projections, solid component(s) and/or septa, as a new ultrasound marker that is capable of distinguishing BOT from other adnexal masses, and to present/obtain histologic confirmation. In this retrospective study, we identified women with a histologic diagnosis of BOT following surgical resection who had undergone preoperative transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) examination. All images were reviewed for presence or absence of thin-walled, fluid-filled cluster(s) of 1-3-mm cystic formations, associated with solid component(s), papillary projections and/or septa. From the same cases, histopathologic slides of each BOT were examined for presence of any of these microcystic features which had been identified on TVS. To confirm that the microcystic TVS pattern is unique to BOTs, we also selected randomly from our ultrasound and surgical database 20 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 20 cases of benign cystadenoma, for review by the same pathologists. To confirm the novelty of our findings, we searched PubMed for literature published in the English language between 2010 and 2018 to determine whether the association between microcystic tissue pattern and BOT has been described previously. Included in the final analysis were 62 patients (67 ovaries) with preoperative TVS and surgically confirmed BOT on pathologic examination. The mean patient age at surgery was 39.8 years. The mean BOT size at TVS was 60.7 mm. Of the 67 BOTs, 47 (70.1%) were serous, 15 (22.4%) were mucinous and five (7.5%) were seromucinous. We observed on TVS a microcystic pattern in the papillary projections, solid component(s) and/or septa in 60 (89.6%) of the 67 BOTs, including 46 (97.9%) of the 47 serous BOTs, 11 (73.3%) of the 15 mucinous BOTs and three (60.0%) of the five seromucinous BOTs. On microscopic evaluation, 60 (89.6%) of the 67 samples had characteristic 1-3-mm fluid-filled cysts similar to those seen on TVS. In seven cases there was a discrepancy between sonographic and histologic observation of a microcystic pattern. The 20 cystadenomas were mostly unilocular and/or multilocular and largely avascular. None of them or the 20 epithelial ovarian malignancies displayed microcystic characteristics, either on TVS or at histology. On review of 23 published articles in the English medical literature, containing 163 sonographic images of BOT, we found that, while all images contained it, there was no description of the microcystic tissue pattern. We report herein a novel sonographic marker of BOT, a 'microcystic pattern' of BOT papillary projections, solid component(s) and/or septa. This was seen in the majority of both serous and mucinous BOT cases. Importantly, based on comparison of sonographic images and histopathology of benign entities and malignancies, the microcystic appearance seems to be unique to BOTs. No similar description has been published previously. Utilization of this new marker should help to identify BOT correctly, discriminating it from ovarian cancer and benign ovarian pathology, and should ensure appropriate clinical and surgical management. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Evolutionary aspects of cephalic sensory papillae of the Indo‐Pacific species of Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae)

AbstractEleotris species (Teleostei: Eleotridae) are one of the most common fish in Indo‐Pacific estuaries and insular freshwater streams. In these rivers, they are a sit‐and‐wait predator. They have an amphidromous life cycle, that is adults grow, feed and reproduce in rivers, while larvae have a marine dispersal phase. Larvae recruit back to rivers and settle in stream habitats. Primary characters used to determine Eleotris species are the presence and the disposition of cephalic sensory papillae rows on the operculum and under the eyes as well as scale row numbers. The morphology of these cephalic sensory papillae is of particular importance in this predatory genus as it is generally correlated in fish to predation and feeding. In this paper, we have established a molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the 12 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes to discuss the relationship between Indo‐Pacific Eleotris species. There is a well‐supported dichotomy in the molecular phylogeny, and this separation into two main clades is also morphologically visible, as it reveals a difference in the arrangement of cephalic sensory papillae. Indeed, the phylogeny distinguishes the species with the “open” pattern of the operculum sensory papillae and the species with the “closed” one. This phylogeny thus reflects the morphology of the opercular papillae. The evolution of this character is discussed in terms of the adaptation of the Eleotris genus to life in tropical insular river systems.