Paper Partition Chromatography Research Articles

Physiological Criteria in Aid of Taxonomy of Angiosperms

In the past little attention was paid in the direction of utilising comparative biochemical studies towards a better understanding of Phylogenetic relationships of plants. In recent years with the advent of filter paper partition chromatography several investigators have, however, made comparison of chemical composition of higher plants within a particular taxon and between different taxa. Taxonomical correlations were attempted and the relation of conclusions arrived by this technique to the taxon omicai concepts based on morphological studies were examined. In the present study a survey of the literature available in this field was made. The survey indicated that the data available do not as yet permit the drawing of significant conclusions but they are interesting enough to warrant further exploration to examine the potentialities of comparative biochemical technique in taxonomy. The available work is strongly suggestive that biochemical technique can be a useful addition to the conventional methods in the study of taxonomy.

Paper Partition Chromatography

Paper Partition Chromatography Nutrition Reviews, Volume 7, Issue 7, July 1949, Pages 195–198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1949.tb02243.x Published: 01 July 1949

Biodegradation of Azo-Dye by a Yeast Candida curvata AN723.

For the purpose of processing waste water discharged from dye-synthesizing plants and dying plants, a yeast Candida curvata AN723 that is capable of decomposing azodye (chrysoidine) was evaluated. When cultivation conditions favorable for decoloration by Candida curvata were examined, it was observed that the strain could decompose and decolor chrysoidine at concentrations of 0.02%. By carrying out aeration of the reacting medium decolorization of up to 94% could be acheived by the 3rd day of cultivation. The decomposition products of chrysoidine, aniline and 1, 2, 4-triaminobenzene, were identifified by paper partition chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography from the decolored effluent. It could be clarified that this strain breaks down azo bonds resolting in considerable decoloration of the effluent.

Functional and expression analysis of ovine steroid 11ß-hydroxylase (Cytochrome P45011ß)

In this study, the ovine steroid 11ß-hydroxylase (P45011ß or CYP11B) cDNA previously reported by us (1) was transfected into COS-7 cells. Using 3H-11-deoxycorticosterone (3H-DOC) as the substrate, and paper partition chromatography for separation of steroid products, the expressed enzyme was shown to catalyse the conversion of DOC to corticosterone (B), 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), 18-hydroxy-corticosterone (18-OH-B), and aldosterone (ALDO). These results suggest that the expressed ovine cDNA exhibited 11ß-hydroxylase, 18-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthesis activities. The enzymatic activity of the enzyme was further analysed by adding unlabelled steroids to compete with 3H-DOC. The conversion of 3H-DOC to 3H-ALDO was inhibited by the addition of excess DOC, B and 18-OH-DOC, indicating that all these steroids were potential substrates of the enzyme. The results also demonstrated that 18-hydroxylation could occur before 11ß-hydroxylation with this enzyme. However, the addition of excess cold 18-OH-B had no significant effect on the level of 3H-ALDO that was synthesised. This result could imply that 18-OH-B is not an intermediate involved in the conversion of DOC to aldosterone, or, more likely, the enzyme substrate site is not accessible readily. Our results also indicated that DOC was preferred to 18-OH-DOC as a substrate for the enzyme. We have demonstrated by hybridisation histochemistry using specific oligonucleotide probes that the corresponding P45011ß RNA transcript was present in all zones in the sheep adrenal cortex.In summary, we have shown that the enzyme encoded by the predominant P45011ß cDNA isolated from the sheep adrenocortical cDNA library has all the enzymatic activities to biosynthesise ALDO from DOC. The corresponding transcript of this ovine P45011ß cDNA was located throughout the adrenal cortex and thus the inability of the zonae fasciculata-reticularis to secrete ALDO remains to be understood.

The fate of some oligosaccharides during the preparation of wari, an Indian fermented food

The preparation of black bean and soybean wari has been standardised under controlled laboratory conditions, using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The flatulence-causing sugars, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, as well as sucrose, have been determined at various stages of preparation. Paper partition chromatography and colorimetry were used. The total oligosaccharides of black bean seeds decreased from 4·4 to 0·6% in the final product, and of soybean seeds from 7·5 to 1·6%. The effects of the addition of spices, inoculum and α-galactosidase on these sugars during fermentation are discussed.

Androstenedione is an important precursor of dihydrotestosterone in the genital skin of women and is metabolized via 5α-androstanedione

Androgen action is largely determined by the formation of dihydrotestosterone in target tissues. In women, androstenedione is the major precursor of dihydrotestosterone production in female genital skin. The present study was initiated to determine whether androstenedione is converted to dihydrotestosterone primarily via testosterone or 5α-adrostane-3,17-dione (5α-androstanedione), and to examine the pathway of androstenedione metabolism in genital skin. Genital skin was obtained from 9 normal premenopausal women and 2 normal men. Each tissue was incubated with [ 3H]androstenedione in RPMI-1640 medium for 1 h at 37°C in 95% O 2 5% CO 2. The metabolites were separated and purified by paper partition and thin-layer chromatography. The conversions of androstenedione to 5α-androstanedione and to androsterone were similar (10.45 ± 1.46 and 11.04 ± 2.04%/200 mg tissue), and were approx. 12, 8 and 23 times higher than the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, respectively. The male samples showed a similar pattern of metabolism. These data indicate that 5α-androstanedione is the most important intermediate in the conversion of androstenedione to dihydrotestosterone. The data also confirm the importance of 5α-reductase activity over that of 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in the expression of androgen action in women.

Separation of Alkaloids from Datura Metel. and Sophora Flavescens Ait by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Abstract High-speed countercurrent chromatography was successfully applied to the separation of alkaloids from two medicinal herbs. Matrine and oxymatrine were isolated from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-0.07 M sodium phosphate (pH 6.4), while atropine and scopolamine were purified from the flowers of Datura mete L. with a similar solvent system by modifying the phosphate buffer pH at 6.5. Identification of each alkaloid was made by either TLC or paper partition chromatography using authentic pure compounds.

Separation of iron(III) and gold(III) by paper chromatography using mixed solvents containing diisopropyl ether

The separation of iron(III) and gold(III) by partition paper chromatography has been investigated employing a mixture of diisopropyl ether (IPE) and n-alcohol saturated with hydrochloric acid (initial acid concentration 5.0 M) as solvent. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-pentyl alcohols were used as components of the solvent. The content of n-alcohol in the initial organic phase was varied. It was found that the R f values for both of the metals increased with an increase in the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in the alcohol (except in the case or iron(III) and n-pentyl alcohol), and with an increase in the alcohol content in the initial organic phase (except in the case of iron(III) and n-propyl alcohol). The best separation results were obtained by using the systems: hydrochloric acid (5.0 M)-IPE- n-propyl alcohol (50:35:15) gD R f = 0.56, hydrochloric acid (5.0 M)-IPE-ethyl alcohol (50:15:35) Δ R f = 0.51, and hydrochloric acid (5.0 M)-IPE- n-pentyl alcohol (50:35:15) Δ R f = 0.37.

New methods for identification of Alismatis rhizoma by means of electrophoresis, paper partition chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography.

Procedures for the identification of decoction of Alismatis Rhizoma (rhizome of Alisma orientale JUZEPCZUK or related species) by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, paper partition chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography were developed. These methods are due to the presence of a characteristic new component.

Rare-earth elements in the rock-forming minerals of melilitic rocks in alkaline-ultrabasic complexes

The rare-earth distributions in melilites and other coexisting minerals of melilite-containing rocks from five alkaline-ultrabasic complexes were analysed by partition paper chromatography and neutron activation. Relatively late differentiates are characterized by elevated relative alkalinity and reduced absolute basicity. The characteristics of melilitic sövites markedly differ from established trends. The minerals studied are richer in LREE than chondrites and REE concentrations in these minerals increase in the late differentiates of the melilitic series. A proportionality between logarithms of La and Sm concentrations in pyroxene and melilite imply that melilite-containing rocks (except melilitic sövite) belong to a similar comagmatic series. The degree of LREE-enrichment in rock-forming minerals directly depends on the alkalinity of the rock. The distribution of REE between coexisting melilite and pyroxene may be used as an additional genetic criterion: p.e. magmatic La Pyx La Mel ratio is 0.91, while in metasomatic rocks this ratio is between 1.80 and 1.97.

L-Arginine identified as an endogenous activator for soluble guanylate cyclase from neuroblastoma cells.

Guanylate cyclase in neuroblastoma N1E 115 cells was readily solubilized upon homogenization of the cells with hypotonic buffer. When the supernatant was passed through cation exchangers such as a Chelex 100 Na+ column, the guanylate cyclase activity in the effluent fraction decreased to 4-6% of the original supernatant. The addition of the acid extract of neuroblastoma cells or rat tissues to the effluent restored guanylate cyclase activity, indicating that the supernatant of neuroblastoma cells contained an acid-soluble endogenous activator for guanylate cyclase which was adsorbed on cation exchangers. The activator was purified from rat brain and identified as L-arginine by 13C- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and paper partition chromatography. L-Arginine, at a concentration of 1-2 x 10(-5) M, stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in the effluent fraction 15-25-fold, whereas D-arginine and other basic L-amino acids were ineffective. Peptides that contained L-arginine at the NH2- or COOH-terminal also resulted in an activation of guanylate cyclase to the extent similar to that of L-arginine, while peptides that contained L-arginine inside the peptide chain failed to stimulate the activity. The activation of L-arginine seemed to operate by a mechanism similar to that induced by nitroso compounds.

Production of Plant Growth-Regulating Substances by the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae

Glomus mosseae, a representative species of Endogonaceae (Phycomycetes) able to form vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, was investigated for phytohormone production. Spores of G. mosseae were axenically germinated in water, and the resultant mycelial growth was assayed by standard procedures for extracting plant hormones from microbial cultures. Paper partition chromatography and specific bioassays were used to separate and identify plant growth-regulating substances. The microorganism synthesized at least two gibberellin-like substances, one with R(f) corresponding in position to authentic gibberellic acid, and four substances with the properties of cytokinins.

The study of iron(III) and gold(III) separation by paper chromatography using diisopropyl ether

The influence of experimental conditions on the Chromatographic behavior and separation efficiency of iron(III) and gold(III) in partition paper chromatography was investigated, when solvents containing diisopropyl ether (IPE) were used. The influence of temperature (range investigated from 15 to 50 °C), initial acid concentration (1–11 M HCl), and concentration of active solvent component (0.7–7.1 M IPE, benzene as diluent) on the R f values were particularly studied. Ascending technique using Whatman No. 1 paper was employed. Considerable influence of temperature was found. The best separation (Δ R f = 0.26) was achieved with 9 M concentration of hydrochloric acid and 3.6 M (50% volume) concentration of IPE.

Recovery of soil organic phosphorus with titanium

Abstract Recovery of P by Ti from six soils of variable characteristics has been improved compared to those obtained with the previously published procedure, being now equal to or larger than the inositol P fraction as measured by other methods in current use. Paper partition chromatography has resolved the P material into two and sometimes three P entities, but these materials do not show as polyols with the ethanolic‐AgNO3 spray reagent. The materials are poorly resolved from Dowex‐1 formate resin but are somewhat better separated in an HCl system. These and other tests indicate that the soil organic P material recovered by Ti precipitation contains other components resistant to hypobromite oxidation besides inositol P esters.

Amylostatins, other amylase inhibitors produced by Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. amylostaticus No. 2476.

Amylase inhibitors (amylostatins) other than those reported as S-AI were found in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. amylostaticus No. 2476. They were separated grossly into F-1a, F-1b and F-2 fractions by column chromatography on Dowex 50W × 4 (NH4+) and by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Each fraction was further separated by preparative paper partition chromatography (PPC). Fractions obtained by PPC had different inhibitory activities against various amylases. On the other hand, acid hydrolysis of each active inhibitory fraction produced amylostatin X′ (C13H21NO7) and/or amylostatin XG (C19H33NO13). The diversities and common features of these amylostatins are discussed.

Thin layer chromatography of inositol phosphates and inositol in humic and fulvic acid fractions

Abstract As a simpler identification method for inositol phosphate and inositol, thin layer chromatography was used instead of paper partition chromatography. The conditions and procedures were as follows. 1. A mixture of six inositol phosphates (from inositol mono- to hexaphosphate) gave one spot on a thin layer plate when developed with a mixture of acetone and 30% acetic acid (4 : 6, v/v). The spot was clearly separated from sugar phosphates and inorganic phosphate. 2. Six inositol phosphates were clearly separated from one another when a mixture of methanol, water, ammonia, and acetic acid (50 : 30 : 15 : 5, v/v) was used. 3. Four inositol isomers were clearly separated from one another and from sugars by using 70% aqueous acetone as a developing agent. 4. These procedures were useful for separating a mixture of inositol phosphates and inositol in humic and in fulvic acid fractions extracted from soil.

Chromatographische differenzierung von cardenoliden durch anwendung von boraten und anderen diolreagenzien

The paper probes 13 diol reagents known to interact with the cis-1,2,- and/or -1,3-diol groups of carbohydrates and other compounds, as to their influence on the relative mobilities of 16-acetylgitoxin and acetylgitoxin-α as representative for cis-1,2- and cis-1,3-diols in the cardenolide series. The influence on mobility has been studied using paper partition chromatography with formamide as stationary phase. Metaboric aced, boric acid, arsenic pentoxide, phenyl arsonic acid, ammonium metavanadate, sodium molybdate, and sodium tungstate are without influence on the relative mobilities of both diols. Sodium metaborate, disodium tetraborate, and potassium borooxalate decrease and arsenic trioxide increases specially the mobility of the 1,2-diol. Phenylboronic acid and diphenylborinic acid increase the relative mobility of both diols. In the case of phenylboronic acid a differentiation between both diols is possible: at low concentration the relative mobility of the 1,3-diol only and at high concentration that of the 1,2-diol, too, increases. The effect of the diol reagents is completely lost by acetylation of one OH group of the reacting diol group. Apparently, the reagent's effects on chromatographic mobility are due to the formation of cyclic complexes or cyclic esters with the cis-1,2- or cis-1,3-diol group.

Effect of the composition and the structure of cobalt(III) complexes on their RF values obtained by partition paper chromatography : II. Linear dependence of R M values on number of carbon atoms of aminocarboxylato-ligands

Effect of the composition and the structure of cobalt(III) complexes on their RF values obtained by partition paper chromatography : II. Linear dependence of R M values on number of carbon atoms of aminocarboxylato-ligands

Effect of the composition and structure of cobalt(III) complexes on their RF values obtained by partition paper chromatography : I. Effect of the position of nitro groups and the chelate ring size

R F values of 41 cobalt(III) complexes were determined by partition paper chromatography using 15 solvent systems. It was established that cis-NO 2 isomers always exhibit higher R F values than the corresponding trans-isomers, even when a complex has several cis- and trans-isomers. It has been found that an increase in the chelate ring size gives rise to higher R F values and that there is a linear dependence between the R M values observed and the number of five-membered rings that are substituted by the corresponding six-membered rings.

Partition paper chromatography of inorganic ions : XXI. Paper chromatography of mixed cobalt(III) complexes

The partition paper chromatography of a series of ethylenediamine, dipyridyl and ortho-phenanthroline complexes of cobalt(III) has been studied with butanol-acid-water solvent mixtures. The rather unusual properties of tris(propylenediamine)-cobalt(III) are discussed.