Paper Partition Chromatography Research Articles

Physiological Criteria in Aid of Taxonomy of Angiosperms

In the past little attention was paid in the direction of utilising comparative biochemical studies towards a better understanding of Phylogenetic relationships of plants. In recent years with the advent of filter paper partition chromatography several investigators have, however, made comparison of chemical composition of higher plants within a particular taxon and between different taxa. Taxonomical correlations were attempted and the relation of conclusions arrived by this technique to the taxon omicai concepts based on morphological studies were examined. In the present study a survey of the literature available in this field was made. The survey indicated that the data available do not as yet permit the drawing of significant conclusions but they are interesting enough to warrant further exploration to examine the potentialities of comparative biochemical technique in taxonomy. The available work is strongly suggestive that biochemical technique can be a useful addition to the conventional methods in the study of taxonomy.

The separation and identification of some barbiturates by paper partition chromatography.

Journal Article The Separation and Identification of Some Barbiturates by Paper Partition Chromatography Get access Alf Wickström, Alf Wickström Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bjarne Salvesen Bjarne Salvesen Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 4, Issue 1, September 1952, Pages 98–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1952.tb13118.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 31 October 1951 Published: 12 April 2011

The separation and identification of some sympathomimetic amines by paper partition chromatography.

The separation and identification of some sympathomimetic amines by paper partition chromatography.

An investigation of the constituents of Digitalis purpurea.

Abstract Increase in the concentration of ethanol or the inclusion of methanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol in the alkaline 3:5-dinitrobenzoic acid assay for digitalis glycosides, progressively reduces the maximum optical density of the reaction mixture. The constituents of mixtures of two digitalis glycosides have been separated by paper partition chromatography and recovered. The percentage recoveries obtained lay between 90 and 110 per cent of the quantity taken. The concentrations of four named glycosides in samples of powdered D. purpurea have been estimated by chromatographic separation followed by chemical assay. Estimates of the biological activity represented by the concentrations of these four constituents in each of the leaf samples have been made; the total biological activity of each leaf sample estimated in this way was found to be approximately half of the total biological activity of the whole leaf sample, as estimated by direct biological assay.

The Assay of Tincture of Digitalis and of the Glycosides ofDigitalis Purpurea

Summary8 samples of tincture of digitalis have been compared chemically and biologically with a tincture prepared from the standard preparation of digitalis. The results of the frog assays do not agree with those of the chemical assays using the 3:5-dinitrobenzoic acid reagent. A new method for the decolourisation of tinctures of digitalis has been investigated. The tincture is passed through an alumina column which adsorbs the pigments, and the eluate can be directly assayed with the Kedde reagent. The total time taken for decolourisation is at the most 5 minutes and the loss of colour-producing active constituents—presumably due to adsorption on the alumina is less than 10 per cent. The constituents of 9 samples of tincture of digitalis have been identified by paper partition chromatography.

The separation and identification of ergot alkaloids by paper partition chromatography.

Summary A study has been made of the application of paper partition chromatography in the ergot field. A technique for the separation and identification of ergometrine and ergometrinine, when present in mixtures of total ergot alkaloids, has been described. The method has been extended so that approximately quantitative results may be obtained and, in this way, the ergometrine contents of samples of ergot have been estimated. The changes which take place in injection of ergometrine maleate B.P. 1948, during manufacture and storage have been studied chromatographically. It was found that during heat sterilisation some conversion of ergometrine to ergometrinine occurs. On storage some hydrolysis giving rise to lysergic and iso-lysergic acids takes place. By preparing chromatograms from the hydrolysates of water-insoluble ergot alkaloids, identification tests for individual alkaloids have been developed. We wish to thank Mr. H. M. Hood, B. Sc., for the photograph of a chromatogram, Mr. R. L. Grant, M. Sc., for a sample of ergometrinine and Dr. S. Smith for specimens of lysergic and iso-lysergric acids. We are also indebted to the Directors of The Wellcome Foundation for permission to publish this paper.

An investigation of the alkaloids of some British species of Equisetum.

Abstract The alkaloids nicotine and palustrine have been separated from authentic mixtures by paper partition chromatography, paper electrophoresis and the use of buffered cellulose columns. These techniques were applied to extracts of E. arvense, E. telmateia and E. sylvaticum from the last two of which no alkaloids have previously been isolated. Nicotine was found in all three species but palustrine was not detected.

The application of paper partition chromatography to the study of the metabolism of salicylate in the rat.

The application of paper partition chromatography to the study of the metabolism of salicylate in the rat.

Paper Partition Chromatography

Paper Partition Chromatography Nutrition Reviews, Volume 7, Issue 7, July 1949, Pages 195–198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1949.tb02243.x Published: 01 July 1949

Biodegradation of Azo-Dye by a Yeast Candida curvata AN723.

For the purpose of processing waste water discharged from dye-synthesizing plants and dying plants, a yeast Candida curvata AN723 that is capable of decomposing azodye (chrysoidine) was evaluated. When cultivation conditions favorable for decoloration by Candida curvata were examined, it was observed that the strain could decompose and decolor chrysoidine at concentrations of 0.02%. By carrying out aeration of the reacting medium decolorization of up to 94% could be acheived by the 3rd day of cultivation. The decomposition products of chrysoidine, aniline and 1, 2, 4-triaminobenzene, were identifified by paper partition chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography from the decolored effluent. It could be clarified that this strain breaks down azo bonds resolting in considerable decoloration of the effluent.

Functional and expression analysis of ovine steroid 11ß-hydroxylase (Cytochrome P45011ß)

In this study, the ovine steroid 11ß-hydroxylase (P45011ß or CYP11B) cDNA previously reported by us (1) was transfected into COS-7 cells. Using 3H-11-deoxycorticosterone (3H-DOC) as the substrate, and paper partition chromatography for separation of steroid products, the expressed enzyme was shown to catalyse the conversion of DOC to corticosterone (B), 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), 18-hydroxy-corticosterone (18-OH-B), and aldosterone (ALDO). These results suggest that the expressed ovine cDNA exhibited 11ß-hydroxylase, 18-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthesis activities. The enzymatic activity of the enzyme was further analysed by adding unlabelled steroids to compete with 3H-DOC. The conversion of 3H-DOC to 3H-ALDO was inhibited by the addition of excess DOC, B and 18-OH-DOC, indicating that all these steroids were potential substrates of the enzyme. The results also demonstrated that 18-hydroxylation could occur before 11ß-hydroxylation with this enzyme. However, the addition of excess cold 18-OH-B had no significant effect on the level of 3H-ALDO that was synthesised. This result could imply that 18-OH-B is not an intermediate involved in the conversion of DOC to aldosterone, or, more likely, the enzyme substrate site is not accessible readily. Our results also indicated that DOC was preferred to 18-OH-DOC as a substrate for the enzyme. We have demonstrated by hybridisation histochemistry using specific oligonucleotide probes that the corresponding P45011ß RNA transcript was present in all zones in the sheep adrenal cortex.In summary, we have shown that the enzyme encoded by the predominant P45011ß cDNA isolated from the sheep adrenocortical cDNA library has all the enzymatic activities to biosynthesise ALDO from DOC. The corresponding transcript of this ovine P45011ß cDNA was located throughout the adrenal cortex and thus the inability of the zonae fasciculata-reticularis to secrete ALDO remains to be understood.

The fate of some oligosaccharides during the preparation of wari, an Indian fermented food

The preparation of black bean and soybean wari has been standardised under controlled laboratory conditions, using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The flatulence-causing sugars, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, as well as sucrose, have been determined at various stages of preparation. Paper partition chromatography and colorimetry were used. The total oligosaccharides of black bean seeds decreased from 4·4 to 0·6% in the final product, and of soybean seeds from 7·5 to 1·6%. The effects of the addition of spices, inoculum and α-galactosidase on these sugars during fermentation are discussed.

Androstenedione is an important precursor of dihydrotestosterone in the genital skin of women and is metabolized via 5α-androstanedione

Androgen action is largely determined by the formation of dihydrotestosterone in target tissues. In women, androstenedione is the major precursor of dihydrotestosterone production in female genital skin. The present study was initiated to determine whether androstenedione is converted to dihydrotestosterone primarily via testosterone or 5α-adrostane-3,17-dione (5α-androstanedione), and to examine the pathway of androstenedione metabolism in genital skin. Genital skin was obtained from 9 normal premenopausal women and 2 normal men. Each tissue was incubated with [ 3H]androstenedione in RPMI-1640 medium for 1 h at 37°C in 95% O 2 5% CO 2. The metabolites were separated and purified by paper partition and thin-layer chromatography. The conversions of androstenedione to 5α-androstanedione and to androsterone were similar (10.45 ± 1.46 and 11.04 ± 2.04%/200 mg tissue), and were approx. 12, 8 and 23 times higher than the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, respectively. The male samples showed a similar pattern of metabolism. These data indicate that 5α-androstanedione is the most important intermediate in the conversion of androstenedione to dihydrotestosterone. The data also confirm the importance of 5α-reductase activity over that of 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in the expression of androgen action in women.

Separation of Alkaloids from Datura Metel. and Sophora Flavescens Ait by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Abstract High-speed countercurrent chromatography was successfully applied to the separation of alkaloids from two medicinal herbs. Matrine and oxymatrine were isolated from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-0.07 M sodium phosphate (pH 6.4), while atropine and scopolamine were purified from the flowers of Datura mete L. with a similar solvent system by modifying the phosphate buffer pH at 6.5. Identification of each alkaloid was made by either TLC or paper partition chromatography using authentic pure compounds.

Separation of iron(III) and gold(III) by paper chromatography using mixed solvents containing diisopropyl ether

The separation of iron(III) and gold(III) by partition paper chromatography has been investigated employing a mixture of diisopropyl ether (IPE) and n-alcohol saturated with hydrochloric acid (initial acid concentration 5.0 M) as solvent. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-pentyl alcohols were used as components of the solvent. The content of n-alcohol in the initial organic phase was varied. It was found that the R f values for both of the metals increased with an increase in the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in the alcohol (except in the case or iron(III) and n-pentyl alcohol), and with an increase in the alcohol content in the initial organic phase (except in the case of iron(III) and n-propyl alcohol). The best separation results were obtained by using the systems: hydrochloric acid (5.0 M)-IPE- n-propyl alcohol (50:35:15) gD R f = 0.56, hydrochloric acid (5.0 M)-IPE-ethyl alcohol (50:15:35) Δ R f = 0.51, and hydrochloric acid (5.0 M)-IPE- n-pentyl alcohol (50:35:15) Δ R f = 0.37.

New methods for identification of Alismatis rhizoma by means of electrophoresis, paper partition chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography.

Procedures for the identification of decoction of Alismatis Rhizoma (rhizome of Alisma orientale JUZEPCZUK or related species) by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, paper partition chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography were developed. These methods are due to the presence of a characteristic new component.

Rare-earth elements in the rock-forming minerals of melilitic rocks in alkaline-ultrabasic complexes

The rare-earth distributions in melilites and other coexisting minerals of melilite-containing rocks from five alkaline-ultrabasic complexes were analysed by partition paper chromatography and neutron activation. Relatively late differentiates are characterized by elevated relative alkalinity and reduced absolute basicity. The characteristics of melilitic sövites markedly differ from established trends. The minerals studied are richer in LREE than chondrites and REE concentrations in these minerals increase in the late differentiates of the melilitic series. A proportionality between logarithms of La and Sm concentrations in pyroxene and melilite imply that melilite-containing rocks (except melilitic sövite) belong to a similar comagmatic series. The degree of LREE-enrichment in rock-forming minerals directly depends on the alkalinity of the rock. The distribution of REE between coexisting melilite and pyroxene may be used as an additional genetic criterion: p.e. magmatic La Pyx La Mel ratio is 0.91, while in metasomatic rocks this ratio is between 1.80 and 1.97.

L-Arginine identified as an endogenous activator for soluble guanylate cyclase from neuroblastoma cells.

Guanylate cyclase in neuroblastoma N1E 115 cells was readily solubilized upon homogenization of the cells with hypotonic buffer. When the supernatant was passed through cation exchangers such as a Chelex 100 Na+ column, the guanylate cyclase activity in the effluent fraction decreased to 4-6% of the original supernatant. The addition of the acid extract of neuroblastoma cells or rat tissues to the effluent restored guanylate cyclase activity, indicating that the supernatant of neuroblastoma cells contained an acid-soluble endogenous activator for guanylate cyclase which was adsorbed on cation exchangers. The activator was purified from rat brain and identified as L-arginine by 13C- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and paper partition chromatography. L-Arginine, at a concentration of 1-2 x 10(-5) M, stimulated guanylate cyclase activity in the effluent fraction 15-25-fold, whereas D-arginine and other basic L-amino acids were ineffective. Peptides that contained L-arginine at the NH2- or COOH-terminal also resulted in an activation of guanylate cyclase to the extent similar to that of L-arginine, while peptides that contained L-arginine inside the peptide chain failed to stimulate the activity. The activation of L-arginine seemed to operate by a mechanism similar to that induced by nitroso compounds.

Production of Plant Growth-Regulating Substances by the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae

Glomus mosseae, a representative species of Endogonaceae (Phycomycetes) able to form vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, was investigated for phytohormone production. Spores of G. mosseae were axenically germinated in water, and the resultant mycelial growth was assayed by standard procedures for extracting plant hormones from microbial cultures. Paper partition chromatography and specific bioassays were used to separate and identify plant growth-regulating substances. The microorganism synthesized at least two gibberellin-like substances, one with R(f) corresponding in position to authentic gibberellic acid, and four substances with the properties of cytokinins.

The study of iron(III) and gold(III) separation by paper chromatography using diisopropyl ether

The influence of experimental conditions on the Chromatographic behavior and separation efficiency of iron(III) and gold(III) in partition paper chromatography was investigated, when solvents containing diisopropyl ether (IPE) were used. The influence of temperature (range investigated from 15 to 50 °C), initial acid concentration (1–11 M HCl), and concentration of active solvent component (0.7–7.1 M IPE, benzene as diluent) on the R f values were particularly studied. Ascending technique using Whatman No. 1 paper was employed. Considerable influence of temperature was found. The best separation (Δ R f = 0.26) was achieved with 9 M concentration of hydrochloric acid and 3.6 M (50% volume) concentration of IPE.