Papaya Leaf Juice Research Articles

Dual Functionality of Papaya Leaf Extracts: Anti-Coronavirus Activity and Anti-Inflammation Mechanism.

Papaya leaves have been used as food and traditional herbs for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, asthma, and virus infections, but the active principle has not been understood. We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory activity could be the predominant underlying principle. To test this, we extracted papaya leaf juice with different organic solvents and found that the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction showed the most outstanding anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO, IC50 = 24.94 ± 2.4 μg/mL) and the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and cytokines including interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), and a tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Transcriptomic analysis and Western blot results revealed its anti-inflammatory mechanisms were through the MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNKs, and p38 and the prevention of the cell surface expression of TLR4. Furthermore, we discovered that the EA fraction could inhibit the replication of alpha-coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and beta-coronavirus (HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2) and might be able to prevent cytokine storms caused by the coronavirus infection. From HPLC-QTOF-MS data, we found that the predominant phytochemicals that existed in the EA fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides and carpaine. Counter-intuitively, further fractionation resulted in a loss of activity, suggesting that the synergistic effect of different components in the EA fraction contribute to the overall potent activity. Taken together, our results provide preliminary evidence for papaya leaf as a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-coronavirus agent, warranting further study for its use for human health promotion.

Effect of Carica Papaya Leaves Juice on Plasma Leakage and Platelet Count among Children with Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Background: Over the last 10-15 years, dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) have become the leading causes of hospitalization and death among both children and adult. Carica papaya leaves juice is said to be increase platelet count and improve haematocrit. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Carica papaya leaf juice on plasma leakage and platelet count in child patients with DF and DHF. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 77 children with DF and DHF. Patients were purposively selected from the inpatient department of Dhaka Shishu hospital from July 2018 to December 2019. Patients were randomly allocated in group A and group B. Group A patients received standard treatment along with a bottle containing C. papaya leaves juice 10 ml single morning dose 15 minutes after breakfast for three consecutive days and group B patients received only standard management as per the National Guideline for Clinical Management of Dengue Syndrome, 2018. Three patients in group A and two patients in group B dropped out from the study. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age, sex, mean duration, type and severity of fever between the groups (p>.05). In group A, the mean platelet count increased from 105000.00/ mL to 152428.57/mL after 48 hours and it reached to 212228.57/mL at 72hrs. In group B, the mean platelet count initially decreased from 129485.71/ mL to 91114.28/mL after 48 hours and then it increased to 96142.85/mL at 72 hours. There was highly significant statistical difference between group A and group B at 48 hours and at 72 hours regarding mean platelet count as p<.001. Haematocrit values become significantly normal in group A then group B by 72 hours and p˂.05. There was highly significant statistical difference between group A and group B regarding mean hospital stay as p<.001. Conclusion: Administration of Carica papaya leaf juice increase platelet count, maintain .......

Effect of Carica Papaya Leaves Juice on Duration of Hospital Stay among Children with Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Background: Over the last 10-15 years, dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) have become the leading causes of hospitalization and death among both children and adult. Carica papaya leaves juice is said to increase platelet count, reduce complication and duration of Hospital stay. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Carica papaya leaf juice on duration of Hospital stay in child patients with DF and DHF. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 77 children with DF and DHF. Patients were purposively selected from the inpatient department of Dhaka Shishu hospital from July 2018 to December 2019. Patients were randomly allocated in group A and group B. Group A patients received standard treatment along with a bottle containing C. papaya leaves juice 10 ml single morning dose 15 minutes after breakfast for three consecutive days and group B patients received only standard management as per the National Guideline for Clinical Management of Dengue Syndrome, 2018. Three patients in group A and two patients in group B dropped out from the study. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age, sex, mean duration, type and severity of fever between the groups (p>.05). In group A, the mean platelet count increased from 105000.00/ mL to 152428.57/mL after 48 hours and it reached to 212228.57/mL at 72hrs. In group B, the mean platelet count initially decreased from 129485.71/ mL to 91114.28/mL after 48 hours and then it increased to 96142.85/mL at 72 hours. There was highly significant statistical difference between group A and group B at 48 hours and at 72 hours regarding mean platelet count as p <0.001. Haematocrit values become significantly normal in group A than group B by 72 hours and p value ˂0.05. There was highly significant statistical difference between group A and group B regarding mean hospital stay as p <0.001. Conclusion: Administration of Carica papaya leaf juice shorten hospitalization in patients with Dengue fever and Dengue haemorrhagic fever.

Group 1st of Non-pharmacological Therapy that Most Effective to Increase Hemoglobin in Pregnancy

Background: Anemia of pregnancy is still a global problem. The prevalence rate of anemia in pregnancy in developed countries at 14% and in developing countries at 51%, in Asian countries at 33.3%, Brunei Darussalam at 28.0%, Thailand at 30%, the Philippines at 32.3%, Malaysia at 26.6%, Singapore at 28.5%, and Vietnam at 23.5%. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia in the 1st trimester at 3.8%, the 2nd trimester at 13.6% and the 3rd trimester at 24.8% Indonesian women die every year due to pregnancy and childbirth, while in East Java at 40%. The cause of anemia during pregnancy is nutritional deficiencies, especially lack of iron, folate, and vitamins. Aims: To determine the level of effectiveness of non pharmacology therapy to increase hemoglobin in pregnancy. Methods: Systematic review using PRISMA and PICO methods. The population of this study is all international journals and accredited national journals sinta 1-6 totaling 87 articles. The sample is 23 articles that are appropriate with the inclusion criteria. The data collection is conducted by searching research articles in the database which including Google, GoogleScholar, Research Gate, NCBI, Science Direct, SAGE, Elsevier, and Sinta. Analysis is use thematic analysis. Results: The 1st group of non pharmacology therapy can increase hemoglobin levels, namely yellow pumpkin seeds, papaya fruit, papaya leaf juice, an avocado juice, red spinach juice, sweet potato leaf decoction, red guava, roselle tea, fried catfish, green bean juice, boiled chicken eggs, soy milk, honey, 2nd group, namely moringa leaf extract, chickpeas, dates, Dutch eggplant juice, ambon bananas, 3rd group, namely katuk leaf, beets, acupuncture points SP3, LR3, KI3, red seaweed, red dragon fruit. Conclusion: The most effective non pharmacology therapy for increasing hemoglobin in pregnancy is non pharmacology therapy in 1st group.

Supplementation of papaya leaf juice has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in high fat/high sugar-induced obese and prediabetic adult mice

Prediabetes is characterized by a cluster of glycemic parameters higher than normal but below the threshold of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In recent years, phytochemical-rich plant extracts have gained popularity as therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effects of papaya leaf (PL) juice supplementation on blood glucose levels in diet-induced obese and prediabetic adult mice. B65JL F1 mice (n = 20) at 12–14 months old were fed a high fat/sugar diet (HFHS) for 120 days. Mice were switched to restricted rodent chow of 3 g feed/30 g body weight/day, supplemented with 3 g/100 mL PL juice for 30 days. HFHS diet remarkably increased fasting plasma glucose levels from 114 ± 6.54 mg/dL to 192.7 ± 10.1 mg/dL and body weight from 32.5 ± 1.6 to 50.3 ± 4.1 g. HFHS diet results in hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and liver steatosis. The combination of PL juice and restricted diet significantly reduced body weight and fasting blood glucose levels to 43.75 ± 1.4 g and 126.25 ± 3.2 mg/dl, respectively. Moreover, PL juice with a restricted diet significantly improved lipid profile: cholesterol from 204 to 150 mg/dL, LDL-c from 110.4 to 50 mg/dL, and triglyceride from 93.7 to 60 mg/dL. Additionally, PL juice combined with a restricted diet significantly reduced adiposity, reversed fatty liver, and restored skeletal muscle Glut4 and phosphorylated (p-AKT (ser473). This study demonstrated that supplementation of PL juice with a restricted diet was more effective than a restricted diet alone in reversing major symptoms related to prediabetic and obesity conditions.

Carica papaya extract: a new leaf in treating dengue?

Carica papaya extract: a new leaf in treating dengue?

P31-072-23 Antidiabetic Supplementation of Papaya Leaf Juice in High Fat/ High Sugar-Induced Obese and Prediabetic Adult Mice

P31-072-23 Antidiabetic Supplementation of Papaya Leaf Juice in High Fat/ High Sugar-Induced Obese and Prediabetic Adult Mice

Pemberian Daun Pepeya (Carica Papaya Linn) terhadap Kecernan Nutrisi Pakan dan Performa Ayam Joper

The research aimed at determaining the effect of giving papaya leaves on the digestibility of feed nutrients and the performance of Joper chikens has been carried out at the Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry Unram Lingsar, Lingsar District, West Lombok. 100 Joper chickens aged 1 week were grouped into 5 treatment groups (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4) each group consisting of 4 replicates, each repetition consisting of 5 individuals. The feed given was CP511B and CP512B complete feed with a protein content of 18-19% and papaya leaves were given through drinking water in the form of juice. Each treatment was given papaya leaf juice as much as 5 ml/liter of drinking water (P1), 8 ml/liter of drinking water (P2), 11 ml/liter of drinking water (P3), 14ml/liter of drinking water (P4) and drinking water without papaya leaf juice ( P0) adlibitum. The variables measured were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion. crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility. Research data were analyzed by analysis of variance on the basis of a completely randomized design. The results of the study showed, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility of the five treatments was not significantly different (P>0.05). Beconcluded that determain of papaya leaf juice through drinking water up to 14 ml/liter of drinking water did not affect feed consumption, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, body weight gain and feed conversion of Joper Chickens.

Effect of Carica papaya Leaf Juice on Bone Marrow Aspirate of Busulfan-induced Chronic Bone Marrow Aplasia in Mice

Introduction: Aplastic anemia is a disorder characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow. Papaya, botanical name Carica Papaya, is a tropical fruit with a wide range of benefits. In past couple of years, researches have been carried out on beneficial outcomes of papaya leaf juice on blood and bone marrow, particularly platelet count. Aim: Taking into consideration the beneficial effects of papaya leaves on bone marrow, current research was done to probe the effects of C.papaya leaf juice on bone marrow differential cell count and cellularity in myelosuppressed mice where busulfan was used to induce myelosuppression. Study Design: Experimental. Place and Duration of Study: our study was performed in Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore in one year time. Materials & Methods : It was an animal experimental study of 23 days in which 36 adult healthy swiss albino mice weighing 30-35 g of either sex were segregated into three groups with 12 mice in each group. Busulfan at a dose of 14mg/kg was given orally to the busulfan group to induce myelosuppression and to the C.papaya +busulfan group on 8 occassions (0, 3,8,11,15,18,21&23) for a duration of 23 days. To observe the myeloprotective effect of Carica papaya leaf juice 10ml/kg of juice was given to the C.papaya + busulfan group daily for 23 days. After the final dose of busulfan and Carica papaya leaf juice on day 23, the samples for bone marrow aspirate were collected on same day. Results: The current study has revealed that C.papaya leaf juice not only prevented a decrease in all parameters of bone marrow aspirate but also maintained their normal values close to normal. The megakaryopoiesis was however found to be significantly higher than the normal. Keeping in view these beneficial effects carica papaya leaf juice can be used in chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia and other related clinical conditions. Conclusion: it can be concluded from this study that C.papaya can be used in all such conditions that lead to fall in chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia because of its property to increase megakaryopoiesis. Keywords: C.papaya, Busulfan, Megakaryopoiesis, Bone marrow failure.

Therapeutic potential of Carica papaya leaf extract for the treatment of dengue

To the Editor, The acute infectious illness dengue is spread by mosquitoes and has a high death and morbidity rate affecting people of all ages and is spread by mosquito bites, most frequently by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species1. In Asia, dengue is currently the top cause of hospitalization and fatalities among individuals, and about 70% of dengue illness cases worldwide are found in Asia2. Historically in Pakistan alone, dengue has been identified as a significant public health issue with several outbreaks reported in 2010, 2017, 2019, and 2020. In 2022, between January 1 and September 27, Pakistan has once again seen a resurgence of dengue with a total of 25,932 confirmed cases and 62 fatalities3. The treatment of dengue involves supportive care with increased fluid intake and antipyretics. However, with the increasing burden of dengue on hospitals in Pakistan, people have transitioned to seek other remedies such as papaya leaves, goat milk, guava, and neem tree leaves4. There has been a dramatic rise in demand for papaya leaf juice across Pakistan because of the recent dengue outbreak. The community quickly adopted the use of papaya in the treatment of dengue because of its perceived positive impact on the platelet count in the opinion articles, news stories, and blogs that have begun to appear in print, social media, and national media4. Despite the lack of specialized medication, papaya leaf extract (PLE) is a natural remedy for dengue. Patients who drink plant juice frequently report fewer symptoms of dengue fever and improved general health. The primary active compound in PLE that contributes to the anti-thrombocytopenic action and increases the patient’s blood platelet count is carpaine5. Numerous studies that have been published have found a connection between platelet count and the prognosis of dengue6. Furthermore, papaya leaf extract can boost the immune system and lower inflammation7. According to a meta-analysis, a viable option for raising the platelet count in dengue patients was Carica papaya leaf extract8. However, patient mortality, safety parameters, and side effects were not taken into consideration in this study which leaves doubts about implementing it into actual clinical practice. Even though these studies show that PLE has anti-thrombocytopenic capabilities, it is still unclear how effective PLE is at treating dengue symptoms. Results from another investigation showed that rats’ liver and reproductive systems were negatively impacted by papaya aqueous extract9. In another research, adult male rats’ sperm counts, sperm viability, and testosterone levels all significantly decreased. In addition, female rats also showed infertility issues along with an increase in maternal mortality10. Although the aforementioned trials used animals, it is still necessary to conduct descriptive studies to identify and assess the chemical components of the leaves, their concentrations, and their toxic side effects to properly utilize papaya plant parts and to commercialize the appropriate products for nutraceutical uses. Although papaya leaf has effective anti-thrombocytopenic properties, people using it may experience nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, the usage of papaya or its leaves does not benefit dengue patients in any way and can instead lead to diarrhea11. Given that dengue patients already require enough fluids, this might be fatal. Patients who lose excessive fluid risk developing hypovolemic shock. Multiorgan failure, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and gastrointestinal bleeding are also risks of protracted shock12. Considering the negative effects of PLE on patients suffering from dengue, it should be contraindicated to use papaya leaf to reduce death and morbidity. In conclusion, until descriptive research and clinical trials are carried out to ascertain its treatment effectiveness, the use of PLE for treating dengue symptoms in patients with dengue fever must be contraindicated. Insecticide-treated textiles, the use of mosquito repellent coils, the use of bed nets while in bed even during the day, and the development of the habit of wearing full-sleeve shirts and pants must all be encouraged. The general public must be informed and warned about the dangers and possible side effects of using papaya leaves during dengue fever. Ethical approval None. Sources funding None. Author contribution A.N. was involved in the study concept, the collection of the data, drafting, literature review, data validation, supervision, and editing of the manuscript. R.T. was responsible for the literature review and revising the manuscript for important intellectual content. Conflict of interest disclosure The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) None. Guarantor None. Clinical trial registration None. Data availability statement None. Patient consent statement None.

Modeliranje inhibitornog ponašanja ekstrakta lista papaje na koroziju mekog čelika u 1,5 m HCL

This current study employed the predictive models driven by the artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression (MR) to forecast the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.5 M HCl by the leaves of the Carica papaya plant. Corrosion studies were carried out using the weight loss method at room temperature. The corrosion rate of the mild steel coupon, obtained from the study environment was predicted taking into cognizance the influence of the independent variables viz: the time of exposure, the concentration of HCl (1.5 M), and the concentration of the papaya leaf juice. The fresh papaya leaves were obtained within the surrounding of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. A grinding machine powered by an internal combustion engine was used for grinding the fresh leaves, and a white cloth was utilized to squeeze out the juice. Filtration of the produced juice was done twice with a clean white cloth. Different bowls containing mild steel coupons (5.0 x 5.0 x 0.1 cm) and HCl (1.5 M) solutions were treated with Carica papaya leaf extracts at concentrations of 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, and 20 ml. Results indicated that the highest inhibition efficiency of 95.91% was observed after 120 hours when 20 ml of papaya leaf extract was added. Conversely, the highest corrosion rate of 114.19 mpy was recorded after 24 hours of exposure to HCl (1.5 M) with 5 ml of papaya leaf extract. Generally, the addition of papaya leaf extract in different concentrations added to 1.5 M HCl resulted in a decrease in the rate of mild steel corrosion over time. It was noted that the prediction of the experimental corrosion rate by the artificial neural network offered a lesser error in comparison with that obtained by multiple regression according to the error margin obtained after the prediction of the experimental corrosion rate.

The Papaya-Based Poly-Herbal Extract Eases Thrombocytopenia and Pyrexia in Rats

The beneficial role of papaya leaf juice against dengue infection is gaining popularity. However, most of these studies involve the fresh juice, decoction, or solvent extraction methods with limitations in terms of formulation development and retention of natural phytochemical balance. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the platelet-increasing and anti-pyretic effect of its powdered extracts with favorable attributes for developing finished pharmaceuticals. The former activity was performed on papaya leaves powder extract (PE) used to prepare the product, i.e., Re-Plat. However, both activities were assessed on the multi-ingredients extract (ME; composition was PE plus decoction of Achillea millefolium , Zingiber officinale , Phyllanthus niruri and Piper nigrum ) used in the poly herbal formulation i.e. Re-Plat Plus. Briefly, the Carboplatin (50 mg/kg) was used to develop a rat model of thrombocytopenia, which is followed by the administration of PE and ME (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg). After five days, the blood was collected to measure platelet levels using a hematology analyzer. In case of anti-pyretic activity, the yeast-induced pyrexia model was used to induce pyrexia followed by administration of ME (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg). The rectal temperature was noted for 5 h. Our data showed that, at the tested doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, both PE and ME caused significant increase in the platelet count compared to the control group. In case of anti-pyretic activity, in similarity with standard drug (paracetamol), the PE (300 and 450 mg/kg) did not allow time-dependent increase in the temperature. Hence, it can be deduced that the active extracts of the poly-herbal formulation (Re-Plat Plus) are endowed with the platelet increase and anti-pyretic potentials; the attributed clinically useful in the management of dengue fever. Keywords: papaya, dengue, platelets, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.3.13

EFEKTIVITAS LARUTAN PERASAN DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura) DI LABORATORIUM

Armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) is polyphagous or can attack various types of plants. Yield losses due to pest attacks can reach 80% even puso. One alternative control can be done with the use of vegetable pesticides. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) as a plant that can be used as a vegetable pesticide. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of papaya leaf juice solution on armyworm mortality. This study used an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, namely control (K0), papaya leaf solution concentration of 20 mL/L of water (K1), 30 mL/L of water (K2), 40 mL/L water (K3) and 50 mL/L of water (K4). The observed variable in this study was armyworm mortality. Observational data were analyzed by analysis of variance and probit analysis. If there is an influence on the analysis of variance, then it is continued with Duncan's multiple range test. Papaya leaf juice solution with a concentration of 30 mL/L water was effective against armyworms with a mortality rate of 80.0% and LT50 13,95 hours after application.

LITERATURE REVIEW : PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA ALAMI TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti INSTAR III DAN IV

Based on the types, DENV 2 and DENV 3 are the types of dengue found in Indonesia, but the dominant one is DENV 3 because this type of virus causes severe cases of dengue. The papaya plant is a highly potent plant of natural larvicide. The literature review to compare the effectiveness of the papaya (Carica papaya L.) of each concentration, LC50 and LC90 againts the death toll of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The study uses a Systematic Literature Review, the sourse of the data used in this study is secondary data obtained from experimental research journals and retrieved from websites Google Scholar. The journal received was 10 national journals and 5 international journals. Ten journals using papaya leaf ethanol extract, 1 journal using papaya leaf filtrate, 1 journal papaya leaf juice, 1 journal papaya sead ethanol extract, 1 journal papaya sead and leaf ethanol extract, as well as ethanol extract of seed, leaf, bark, and papaya root 1 journal. Researchers on average use more papaya leaf compared to other parts of the papaya plant and each method of precessing and concentration is different for each journal. There are 14 journals that say that the higher the concentration is used, the more the larvae are Ae. aegypti was killed, where as 1 journal says that the lower the concentration, the more toxic the larvae will get Ae. aegypti.

Pengaruh Air Perasan Daun Pepaya terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes albopictus dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the vector-borne diseases which is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Efforts are needed to control mosquitoes both in the larval and adult stages. Papaya leaf could be a natural larvicide that is more environmentally friendly in an effort to control dengue vector. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving papaya leaf juice to the mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae. This research is quasi-experimental research design with post test only with control group design, with a sample of 30 third instar larvae divided into two groups, papaya leaf juice and aquadest. post test was carried out 4 times at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The results of the study in the intervention group (50 ml of papaya leaf juice plus 200 ml of plain water in a paper cup/container) and the control group using 200 ml (aquadest) after the first 6 hours of treatment there were no deaths (0%), the 12th hour a small percentage of 5 deaths larvae (16.6%), at the 18th hour almost half of 12 larvae died (40%) and at the 24th hour most of the 18 (60%) Aedes albopictus larvae died. While the control group observed 6, 12, 18, 24 hours overall (100%) live Aedes albopictus larvae. There is an effect of giving papaya leaf juice to the mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae after 24 hours of observation. Leaf juice may be used as a larvicide in an effort to prevent the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.

Platelet augmentation activity of mature leaf juice of Sri Lankan wild type cultivar of Carica papaya L: Insights into potential cellular mechanisms

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCarica papaya L., a common fruit crop of the family Caricaceae and its leaf juice/extract is a traditionally commended preparation against dengue and other thrombocytopenic diseases by many Asian countries. Aim of the studyThe present study posits the potential cellular mechanisms of platelet augmentation activity of mature leaf juice of Sri Lankan wild-type Carica papaya. Materials and methodsC. papaya leaf juice prepared from different cultivar types, maturity of the leaf, agro-climatic region, and preparation methods were orally administered to hydroxyurea-induced thrombocytopenic rats at 0.72 ml/100 g BW dosage to investigate the most potent platelet increasing preparation.The papaya juice doses; low dose (LD-0.18 ml/100 g BW), human equivalent dose (HED-0.36 ml/100 g BW), and high dose (HD-0.72 ml/100 g BW), were administered to thrombocytopenic rats (N = 6/group) daily for three consecutive days and post-treatment plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), thrombopoietin (TPO), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) were quantified using specific rat ELISA kits. The mature leaf juice of C. papaya induced IL-6 secretion from bone marrow cell (BMC) cultures was quantified using ELISA. The ability of papaya juice to protect the platelet membrane, from the damage caused by the lytic agent was analyzed in vitro using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The effect of the mature leaf juice of C. papaya on secondary hemostasis was investigated using blood coagulation and clot hydrolyzing activity. ResultsThe comparative analysis revealed that the platelet increasing activity of C. papaya leaf did not significantly differ among different types of cultivar, maturity of the leaf, agro-climatic regions and preparation methods (p > 0.05). Both TPO and PAF levels in thrombocytopenic rats diminished when treated with all three doses of the mature leaf juice of C. papaya (p < 0.05), yet IL-6 plasma level was unaltered (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, ex vivo treatment of the mature leaf juice of C. papaya had significantly enhanced IL-6 levels of rat BMC cultures (p < 0.05). Pre-treatment of platelets with the mature leaf juice of C. papaya at different concentrations significantly inhibited LDH leakage from platelets and may have reduced the membrane damage caused by the lytic agent (p < 0.05). Treatment of mature leaf juice of C. papaya also significantly reduced blood clotting time through the extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade (p < 0.05). Further, prolonged incubation of the plasma clot with different concentrations of the papaya leaf juice revealed dose-dependent hydrolysis of the blood clot, indicating fibrinolysis activity. ConclusionsThe current study exceeded the traditional medicinal claims, and scientifically affirmed the platelet augmentation activity of mature leaf juice of C. papaya. The mechanistic rationale tested herein explicated that the platelet augmentation activity of the papaya leaf juice can be partially attributed to the stimulation of bone marrow megakaryocytes via modulating thrombopoietic cytokines TPO and IL-6, and by inhibiting the secretion of PAF, while reducing the peripheral platelet destruction by stabilizing the platelet membrane. Further, mature leaf juice of C. papaya imparted both pro-coagulation and fibrinolysis activity of secondary hemostasis endorsing its potential against thrombocytopenia.

Carica papaya Leaf Juice for Dengue: A Scoping Review.

The potential therapeutic effect of Carica papaya leaf juice has attracted wide interest from the public and scientists in relieving dengue related manifestations. Currently, there is a lack of evaluated evidence on its juice form. Therefore, this scoping review aims to critically appraise the available scientific evidence related to the efficacy of C. papaya leaf juice in dengue. A systematic search was performed using predetermined keywords on two electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). Searched results were identified, screened and appraised to establish the association between C. papaya and alleviating dengue associated conditions. A total of 28 articles (ethnobotanical information: three, in vitro studies: three, ex vivo studies: one, in vivo study: 13, clinical studies: 10) were included for descriptive analysis, which covered study characteristics, juice preparation/formulations, study outcomes, and toxicity findings. Other than larvicidal activity, this review also reveals two medicinal potentials of C. papaya leaf juice on dengue infection, namely anti-thrombocytopenic and immunomodulatory effects. C. papaya leaf juice has the potential to be a new drug candidate against dengue disease safely and effectively.

Sosisalisasi Penggunaan Beauveria Bassiana dan Pestisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Hama pada Sayuran Hidroponik

Vegetable cultivation using a hydroponic system in a green house is growing rapidly in the Ciampel area, Karawang Regency. One of the problems faced by hydroponic vegetable farmers is the attack of leaf-eating pests. The control of pests that attack vegetables has been using chemical pesticides which will pollute the environment and be harmful to human health. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide knowledge and skills in the use of biological agents for the fungus Beauveria bassiana and vegetable pesticides made from papaya leaf extract to control pests on hydroponic vegetables. This activity was carried out in September-November 2020 which was attended by the Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Mulyasari Village, Ciampel, Karawang. Activities are carried out in a structured and gradual manner starting from planning, site surveys, problem identification, technical guidance, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation. Assistance to farmers has been carried out in approximately three months online and offline together with students from the Faculty of Agriculture, Singaperbangsa Karawang University. The results of the activity showed an increase in understanding about the dangers of using chemical pesticides on vegetables and the importance of pest control based on Biointensive Integrated Pest Management (IPM-Biointensive) using biological agents and botanical pesticides. In addition, the participants who took part in this activity were skilled at producing the biological agent Beauveria bassiana and vegetable pesticides with active papaya leaf juice. Farmers become more skilled at monitoring pests in the green house/field to monitor the presence or absence of pests in their crops. In addition, farmers have become more skilled in mass propagation of B. bassiana biological agents and vegetable pesticides. Mass propagation technique of B. bassiana uses alternative media, namely from feed corn.&#x0D;

The Effect of Giving Papaya &amp; Honey (Carica Papaya L and Apis) Juice on Increasing the Production of Breast Milk

Interviews conducted by researchers on midwives and 10 postpartum mothers at the Ranomeeto Health Center, the midwife said that in January, February, March 2020 there were 51 babies but only 15 babies were given exclusive breastfeeding due to the lack of milk production in post partum mothers in the Ranomeeto Health Center area so that some mothers giving formula milk from the time of the newborn with the reason that breast milk has not come out after giving birth, this study aims to determine the effect of giving papaya leaf juice and honey to increase milk production in nursing mothers in the working area of ​​the Ranomeeto Health Center, South Konawe Regency. This study uses quantitative (analytic) research methods using a quasi-experimental design. Quasi experimental. The total population of 51 respondents and the number of samples of 21 respondents. This sampling was taken using purposive sampling technique. The results of statistical tests using Shapiro Wilk's statistics show the P Value is 0.000 so it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving papaya leaf juice and honey on increasing breast milk production for breastfeeding mothers in the Ranomeeto Health Center area, South Konawe Regency. So it is suggested to the Puskesmas to provide recommendations to mothers who are about to give birth and breastfeeding to use papaya leaf juice and honey to support smooth breastfeeding. For breastfeeding mothers, use papaya leaf juice to support smooth breastfeeding.

Effect of Carica papaya Leaf Juice on Blood Cell Count of Busulfan-Induced Chronic Bone Marrow Aplasia in Mice

Introduction: Aplastic anemia is a syndrome of bone marrow failure comprising of peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia. Recently, research has shown papaya leaf juice to increase blood cells counts.&#x0D; Aims &amp; Objectives: This research was planned to investigate the effect of papaya leaf juice on blood cell counts in busulfan induced myelosuppressed mice.&#x0D; Place and duration of study: Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore from September 2015 to December 2015. Material &amp;Methods: This animal experimental study comprised of 36 adult healthy Swiss albino mice weighing 30-35 g, divided randomly into three equal groups. Busulfan was given orally (14mg/kg) to induce myelosuppression to busulfan group and Carica papaya+ busulfan group on 8 occasions over a period of 23 days. Carica papaya leaf juice (10ml/kg) was given to the Carica papaya+ busulfan group daily for 23 days to observe its role in preventing myelosuppression. Normal group was given distilled water in an equivalent amount. One day after the final dose of busulfan and Carica papaya, the animals were sampled for blood cell counts. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. A p-value &lt; 0.05 and below was considered as significant.&#x0D; Results: The Carica papaya leaf juice not only prevented significant fall in hemoglobin (10.86 ± 1.455 g/dl), RBC (9.54 ± 0.954× 106/mm3) and platelet count (958.92 ± 176.22 x103/mm3) vs (9.70 ± 0.904,11.24 ± 0.952 g/dl), RBC count (6.5025 ± 1.43,10.43 ± 0.234× 106/mm3) and platelet count (627.83 ± 151.63, 3881.08 ± 83.13 x103/mm3) in busulfan group but also kept them close to normal range. Total leukocyte count in C.papaya treated group improved significantly to 8116.67± 1540.85/mm3 vs (4516.67±789.51, 6666.67±798.10/mm3) busulfan treated and normal groups respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: The Carica papaya leaf juice possesses significant myeloprotective activity. It may be a good candidate for prevention of chemotherapy induced pancytopenia