Panty Liners Research Articles

Sexual activity, vaginal symptoms, maternal perineal hygiene behavior, and constipation on ano-vaginal colonization of group B streptococcus in near term pregnancy

BackgroundMaternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is influenced by many factors but results are inconsistent. Consideration of antenatal risk factors may help inform decision making on GBS microbiological culture screening where universal screening is not standard of care. We sought to identify independent predictors of GBS colonization at 34–37 weeks gestation incorporating vaginal symptoms, perineal hygiene measures, sexual activity, and a potential novel factor, constipation.MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study, 573 women at 34–37 weeks gestation had an ano-vaginal swab taken and sent for selective culture for GBS. Women were asked about vaginal bleeding, discharge, irritation and candidiasis, antibiotic use during pregnancy, ano-vaginal hygiene practices such as douching and perineal cleansing after toileting, sexual intercourse related activities, and a potential novel factor for GBS carriage, constipation. Maternal basic demographics and obstetric-related characteristics were also collected. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify associates of GBS colonization. All variables with p < 0.05 found on bivariate analysis were then included into a model for multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for GBS colonization.ResultsGBS colonization was found in 235/573 (41.0%) of participants. Twenty six independent variables were considered for bivariate analysis. Eight were found to have p < 0.05. Following adjusted analysis, six independent predictors of GBS colonization were identified: ethnicity, previous neonatal GBS prophylaxis, antenatal vaginal irritation, antibiotic use, recent panty liner use, and frequency of sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge and perineal cleansing were not associated after adjustment. Recent douching and constipation were not associated on bivariate analysis.ConclusionThe identification of independent predictors of GBS colonization in late pregnancy may inform the woman and care provider in their shared decision making for microbiological screening at 35–38 weeks gestation in locations where universal GBS screening is not standard of care.Ethics oversightThis study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) on August 9, 2022, reference number 2022328-11120.

“In the Wardrobe of Her Royal Daintiness”: A Historical Analysis of Menstrual Product Advertisements From the 1920s to the 2020s

“In the Wardrobe of Her Royal Daintiness”: A Historical Analysis of Menstrual Product Advertisements From the 1920s to the 2020s

Measurement of luteinizing hormone surge in vaginal discharge: a potential biomarker that enables simple, non-invasive prediction of the periovulatory period

BackgroundPredicting the periovulatory period is very important for conception. Current approaches to predicting the periovulatory period include monitoring of basal body temperature and urine luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration; however, these methods are time-consuming. Here, we examined the potential of using vaginal discharge (VD) as a non-invasive means of sample collection for determining the LH surge that indicates ovulation.MethodsUrine and VD samples were collected from 35 healthy women aged 20–39 years. VD samples were collected with panty liners to reduce the burden on participants. Daily first urine samples and used panty liners were collected from the 10th through 19th days of the menstrual cycle. Urine and VD LH (uLH and vLH) levels in the samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Measured vLH baseline and first surge values were analyzed using Student's t-test and ROC curves.ResultsSamples for a total of 55 menstrual cycles were collected. We used uLH surge to establish the date of ovulation. uLH surges were observed in 49 cycles, 34 of which had corresponding VD samples that qualified for measurement. Five cycles were excluded due to a lack of vLH data. In the remaining 29 cycles, the vLH surge appeared within the fertile window 90% of the time, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 86% and 83%, respectively.ConclusionsVD has potential for use as a sample for predicting the periovulatory period by measuring LH content.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Personal Hygiene Products: The Implications for Human Exposure and Emission to the Environment.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been related to reproductive toxicity in humans, but their occurrence in some specific personal hygiene products, i.e., sanitary pads, panty liners, tampons, paper diapers, menstrual cups, and bactericidal liquids, has not been extensively studied. This work investigated 31 representative PFAS in six categories of such personal hygiene products (n = 91). Perfluorinated carboxylic acids were the primary PFAS found in the samples, accounting for over 85% of the total concentrations of PFAS. Paper diapers contained the highest sum of PFAS concentrations (64.6 ng/g) followed by sanitary pads (52.3 ng/g) and menstrual cups (21.1 ng/g). The estimated exposure doses of perfluorooctanoic acid through dermal absorption from the use of menstrual cups and paper diapers for infants (adults) were 0.77 and 2.1 (1.2) ng/kg-bw/day, which contributed more than normal dust ingestion. The estimated emission of paper diapers and sanitary pads into the environment was 2.58 and 322 kg/year with an assumed leaching rate of 100%. The potential exposure of PFAS through the use of personal hygiene products observed in this work suggests a previously unreported exposure pathway of these chemicals to humans.

Patient perspectives of wound care management in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Wound care management and costs in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are unmet needs. This study explored patient perspectives of at-home management of acute flares of HS and chronic daily wounds, their satisfaction with current wound care methods, and the financial burden of wound care supplies. An anonymous, multiple choice, cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed among online HS-related forums between August and October 2022. Participants 18years or older with a diagnosis of HS who live in the United States were included. In total, 302 participants completed the questionnaire: 168 White (55.6%), 76 Black (25.2%), 33 Hispanic (10.9%), 7 Asian (2.3%), 12 multiracial (4.0%), and 6 other (2.0%). Dressings commonly reported included gauze, panty liners or menstrual pads, tissues or toilet paper, antiseptic dressing, abdominal pads, and adhesive bandages. Commonly reported topical remedies for acute flares of HS included warm compresses, Epsom salt baths, Vicks VapoRub, tea tree oil, witch hazel, and bleach baths. One-third of participants (n = 102) reported dissatisfaction with current wound care methods, and 48.8% (n = 103) believed that their dermatologist does not meet their wound care needs. Nearly half (n = 135) reported being unable to afford the type and quantity of dressings and wound care supplies they would ideally want. Black participants were more likely than White participants to report being unable to afford their dressings and find the cost as very burdensome. Overall, dermatologists must improve patient education of wound care methods in HS and address the financial burden of wound care supplies by exploring insurance-funded options.

Literature review: The Effect of Using Non-Herbal Panty Liners on Abnormal Vaginal Discharge in Adolescent Girls

Teenagers are very vulnerable to experiencing problems such as vaginal discharge and because of that teenage girls often wear panty liners outside of their menstrual period. Improper use of panty liners will make vaginal discharge abnormal. Therefore, this literature review aims to find out how to use non-herbal panty liners so that they can cause abnormal vaginal discharge. This research usesliterature review with data sources from the PubMed, Research Gate, and Google Scholar databases with a range of 2018-2021. The results of this literature review contained 4 journals which stated that the effect of using panty liners could cause vaginal discharge but under normal conditions and 4 journals also stated that abnormal vaginal discharge was caused by panty liners. It can be concluded that abnormal vaginal discharge is caused by a different way of using panty liners and the lack of information about using panty liners properly.

DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF REACTION MEDIA AS AN EFFORT TO DETECT EXPOSURE TO PROFENOFOS TOXICITY WITH THE INDICATOR RHODAMINE 6G

Pesticides are potential chemicals widely used in the agricultural sector to tackle pests and plant diseases. However, pesticides, for instance, profenofos, can pose a risk of poisoning to farmers. It is necessary to prevent profenofos exposure through early detection using rhodamine 6G. The detection of the reaction between profenofos and rhodamine 6G requires an optimum medium. This study aimed to test the optimum medium to facilitate the reaction of profenofos and rhodamine 6G. Five media variations were utilized, including paper, hand plaster, panty liner, diaper, and hydrogel. The detection was performed by spraying profenofos at various concentrations, ranging from 100 to 400 ppm on respective media. The study adopted a rhodamine 6G and profenofos reaction sensitivity test on those five media. It applied both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative analysis aimed to observe various concentrations of profenofos based on the changes of colors on respective media, in which (+) marked the medium sensitivity while (-) indicated insensitivity. The quantitative analysis utilized a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry to measure the changes of colors based on the reaction of profenofos with rhodamine 6 G. Both qualitative and quantitative tests showed no changes of colors on paper, hand plaster, panty liner, and diaper. In contrast, hydrogel reflected the changes of colors based on the increasing concentrations of profenofos. The research recommends hydrogel as an optimum medium for the early detection of profenofos pesticide exposure.

Use Of Panty Liner As A Risk Factor The Occurration Of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

&lt;p&gt;Vaginal discharge or fluor albus is a problem that is often found in women. Daily use of panty liner is a predisposing factor of pathological/abnormal vaginal discharge. This paper reviews the correlation between the use of panty liner and vaginal discharge. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of daily panty liner use as a risk factor of vaginal discharge. This research is done by using the cross-sectional method. The study population is students of the University of Pelita Harapan in the Faculty of Nursery. Sample size calculation was done using the categorical comparative analytical formula and a result of 46 samples were obtained for each population. A questionnaire was used in this research. Statistical analysis is done by using the SPSS 22.0 program with the Chi-Square method. Bivariate analysis on 92 respondents revealed that there is a significant association between the usage of a panty liner and abnormal vaginal discharge (p-value &amp;lt;0.05). Based on bivariate analysis panty liner material is not related to abnormal vaginal discharge (p-value &amp;gt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;

Vulvovaginal candidiasis and current perspectives: new risk factors and laboratory diagnosis by using MALDI TOF for identifying species in primary infection and recurrence

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), considered the second cause of genital infection among women, has pathogenic mechanisms still to be elucidated and unknown risk factors. Prevalence studies with laboratory diagnosis (at first diagnosis and recurrence) are uncommon, especially using MALDI TOF, used in this clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory study for evaluating candidiasis, and identifying unknown risk factors. To obtain clinical and epidemiological data, patients were questioned, and there was material collection. Samples collected were identified by using phenotypic and presumptive methods and confirmed by MALDI TOF. This study analyzed 278 patients, divided into symptomatic (n = 173) and asymptomatic (n = 105) groups. Regarding the main candidiasis symptoms (discharge, itching, and burning), only 50.3% of patients described these concomitant symptoms, showing a positive predictive value of 67.8%. Regarding the risk factors investigated, there was a statistical correlation between candidiasis and dairy products, gut transit, contraceptive use, respiratory allergy, and panty liners, describing new risk factors related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis. After Candida species analysis and confirmation, the primary prevalence was 80.9% (Candida albicans), 15.2% (non-albicans), 1% (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), and 1.9% (unidentified species). In recurrence, the prevalence was 66.7% (C. albicans) and 33.3% (non-albicans). The presence of symptoms has low positive predictive value for the diagnosis of candidiasis, even when considering the classic triad of symptoms. Laboratory identification of yeast species is essential for correct treatment, preventing the resistance to antifungals and the high recurrence. In addition, dairy products and bowel habits, both related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis, may be associated with VVC.

Development and application of a novel method to assess exposure levels of sensitizing and irritating substances leaching from menstrual hygiene products

Menstrual hygiene products (MHPs) like tampons, sanitary towels and panty liners are widely used by women and come in close contact with the intimate parts of the human body, which consist of mucosae that lack the important barrier function of normal skin. Hence, substances leaching from MHP can easily penetrate and become systemically available. This study aims to develop a new in chemico methodology that allows to identify and measure realistic consumer exposure levels of several skin sensitizers and irritants leaching from MHPs under simulated use conditions. To assess the leaching of chemicals from MHPs, a menstrual fluid simulant (MFS) simulating pH, osmolarity and protein binding was first established. Subsequently, an analytical methodology was developed for nine well-known skin sensitizers and skin irritants. In short, the MFS samples underwent salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis. Validation was performed according to the total error approach with acceptability limits of ±15% regarding the total analytical error (including systematic and random bias). Fifteen commercially available MHPs were assessed. Six products were found to leach at least one of the following five sensitizing and irritating compounds: α-isomethyl ionone, benzyl salicylate, hexyl cinnamaldehyde, linalool and piperonal. Piperonal was the most abundant compound leaching from the MHPs, with leaching concentration levels measured to 28.22 μg/g. In addition, the leaching level of benzyl salicylate was found to be 11.03 μg/g. The latter fragrance concentration is above 10 μg/g and would trigger mandatory labelling if the Cosmetic Regulation would apply for MHPs. However, none of the identified and quantified skin sensitizers were mentioned on the packaging. In conclusion, this novel methodology makes it possible to estimate realistic human exposure levels to skin sensitizers and irritants through the use of MHPs. Availability of these exposure estimates is vital to carry out a quantitative health risk assessment of these substances.

Inquire About Use of Panty Liners

Inquire About Use of Panty Liners

The importance of silver nanoparticles in human life

One nanomaterial that is having an early impact in health care product is nano-silver. Silver has been used for the treatment of medical ailments for over 100 years due to its natural antibacterial and antifungal properties. The nano silver particles typically measure 25nm. They have extremely large relatively surface area, increasing their contact with bacteria or fungi, and vastly improving its bactericidal and fungicidal effectiveness. The nano silver when in contact with bacteria and fungus will adversely affect cellular metabolism and inhibit cell growth. The nano silver suppresses respiration, basal metabolism of electron transfer system, and transport of substrate in the microbial cell membrane. The nano silver inhibits multiplication and growth of those bacteria and fungi which cause infection, odor, itchiness and sores. Nano Silver can be applied to range of other healthcare products such as dressings for burns, scald, skin donor and recipient sites; acne and cavity wounds; and female hygiene products – panty liners, sanitary towels and pants.

Sensitizing fragrances in absorbent hygiene products.

Allergenic fragrances are present in a wide range of products but they are not regulated in all industries to the same extent. In Europe, absorbent hygiene products (AHPs) are only covered by the general product safety directive and therefore fragrances can be used freely, whereas in cosmetics and toys the use of these ingredients is regulated. An analytical method was developed to evaluate the presence of 24 sensitizing fragrances in AHPs. This method allows simultaneous identification and quantification and was validated using the total error approach with an acceptance value of ±15%. The validated method was applied to evaluate 10 scented AHPs consisting of four tampons, three panty liners, and three sanitary pads. Eight allergenic fragrances were identified in these products and five products contained at least one allergen above 10 μg/g. The presence of these allergens is not communicated to the consumer. This is, however, a strict requirement in other industries (eg, cosmetics, toys) to ensure adequate consumer protection. Knowing that the exposed area is more susceptible to allergens and irritants, the presence of these allergens should be disclosed.

Phthalates, bisphenols, parabens, and triclocarban in feminine hygiene products from the United States and their implications for human exposure

Feminine hygiene products, a category of daily necessities, can be a source of exposure to plasticizers and antimicrobial agents in women. Nevertheless, studies on the occurrence of chemicals in feminine hygiene products have received little attention. In this study, 24 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), comprising nine phthalates, six parabens, eight bisphenols, and triclocarban (TCC) were measured in seven categories of feminine hygiene products (i.e., pads, panty liners, tampons, wipes, bactericidal creams and solutions, and deodorant sprays and powders; N = 77) collected in the Albany area of New York State in the United States. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), methyl paraben (MeP), and ethyl paraben (EtP) were found in all pad, panty liner, and tampon samples. Panty liners contained the highest concentrations of DMP (median: 249 ng/g), DEP (386 ng/g), DBP (393 ng/g), and DIBP (299 ng/g) and tampons contained the highest concentrations of DEHP (267 ng/g). MeP, EtP, and propyl paraben (PrP) were the major parabens found in feminine hygiene products. Bactericidal creams and solutions contained median concentrations of MeP, EtP and PrP at 2840, 734, and 278 ng/g, respectively. The estimated exposure doses of phthalates, parabens, and bisphenols through the dermal absorption pathway from the use of pads, panty liners, and tampons were significant. In comparison with the exposure doses reported previously from other sources and pathways, the significance of feminine hygiene products as sources of EDC exposure was delineated. The dermal absorption doses from the use of feminine hygiene products, under different exposure scenarios, were 0.19–27.9% and 0.01–6.2% of the total exposure doses of phthalates and bisphenols, respectively. This is the first study to report the occurrence of phthalates, parabens, bisphenols, and TCC in feminine hygiene products from the United States.

424: AmnioTectTM– Detecting PROM using a specially designed panty liner

To determine the performance characteristics of AmnioTectTM to detect premature rupture of membranes (PROM) by distinguishing amniotic fluid from urine, among pregnant women experiencing leaking or perineal moisture. Prospective multicenter observational study comparing self-assessment with blinded investigator assessment using AmnioTect TMin women presenting for PROM evaluation between December 2016 to October 2017. Eligible women were asked to wear and interpret the AmnioTect TMaccording to instructions for use. The same pad was independently evaluated by a blinded health care provider (HCP) and both the patient and HCP assessments were compared to standard clinical PROM evaluation by sterile speculum exam. The presence of amniotic fluid and the diagnosis of PROM was established when pooling was observed along with either positive nitrazine and/or positive ferning test. The primary outcome was to compare patient use of AmnioTectTM to clinical diagnosis and secondarily to compare patient to HCP interpretation. A total of 244 women were recruited, but only 240 were analyzed with complete results. The mean age was 27.7 years (SD: 5.46), with a range 18.2 - 40.9. The mean gestational age at enrollment was 36.7 weeks, with a range of 18.9 - 41.4 weeks. Only 3 patients were < 24 weeks and 16 (6.6%) patients were < 28 weeks. The cohort was racially and educationally diverse. Only 36% of the cohort had > high school education and 58% had either completed or had some high school education. The prevalence of confirmed PROM was 45% (108/240). The patient interpreted AmnioTectTMas positive in 103/108 yielding a sensitivity of 95.4% and a specificity of 96.2% (127/132). The overall concordance between the HCP reading the AmnioTectTMresult and that of the patient was 99.6% (239/240). The PPV: 95.4% (103/108) and the NPV: 96.2 (127/132). The performance characteristics of AmnioTectTMcompare favorably when interpreted by a patient or a HCP. AmnioTectTMserves as a good screening for the outpatient detection of PROM.

Risk assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in sanitary pads

ABSTRACTDisposable sanitary pads are a necessity for women’s health, but safety concerns regarding the use of these products have created anxiety. The aim of this study was to conduct a risk assessment of 74 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which were expected to be contained within sanitary pads. Of the 74 VOCs, 50 were found in sanitary pads retailed in Korea at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 3548.09 µg/pad. In order to undertake a risk assessment of the VOCs, the toxicological database of these compounds in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), National Toxicology Program (NTP) and World Health Organization (WHO) was searched. Ethanol was found to exhibit the highest reference dose (RfD) while 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-propane displayed the lowest RfD. Consequently, a worst-case exposure scenario was applied in this study. It was assumed that there was the use of 7.5 sanitary napkins/day for 7 days/month. In the case of panty liners or overnight sanitary napkins, the utilization of 90 panty liners/month or 21 overnight sanitary napkins/month was assumed, respectively. In addition, 43 kg, the body weight of 12 to 13-year-old young women, and 100% VOCs skin absorption were employed for risk assessment. The systemic exposure dose (SED) values were calculated ranging from 1.74 (1,1,2-trichloroethane) ng/kg/day to 144.4 (ethanol, absolute) µg/kg/day. Uncertainty factors (UFs) were applied ranging from 10 to 100,000 in accordance with the robustness of animal or human experiments. The margin of exposure (MOE) of 34 VOCs was more than 1 (acceptable MOE > 1). Applicable carcinogenic references reported that the cancer risk of five VOCs was below 10−6. Based on our findings, evidence indicates that the non-cancer and cancer risks associated with VOCs detected in sanitary pads currently used in South Korea do not pose an adverse health risk in women.

The Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscles Exercise on Quality of Life in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence and Its Relationship with Vaginal Deliveries: A Randomized Trial.

Introduction Urinary incontinence (UI) is a health problem affecting the quality of women's lives (QOL) at various life stages. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) can be caused by previous vaginal deliveries and is especially likely to occur in the perimenopausal period. The most commonly recommended first-choice treatment methods involve exercises for the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of isolated PFM exercises and combined training of the PFM and the m.transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle on the QoL of patients with SUI with regard to the number of vaginal deliveries. Material and Methods 137 women with SUI were qualified for analysis (mean age 53,1 ± 5,5). To assess the effectiveness of PFM training QOL questionnaire was used (ICIQ-LUTS qol). PFM training for groups A (PFM+TrA) and B (PFM) was intended for 12 weeks. Statistica v. 12.0 PL, StatSoft, USA, was used for statistical calculations. Results The analysis demonstrated that conservative treatment based on the A training program (PFM + TrA) yielded statistically significantly better results than the B program (PFM), with the improvement observed in such QoL domains as the performance of household duties, physical activity and travelling, social limitations, emotions, sleep problems and fatigue, the frequency of changing panty liners, fluid intake control, and embarrassment. Conclusion Both the combined training of the PFM and the synergistic (TrA) muscle and the isolated PFM exercises improve the QoL of women with SUI. Nonetheless, the combined PFM and TrA muscle physiotherapy is more effective. The exercises for the PFM and the synergistic muscle give better results in women who have given birth fewer than three times than isolated PFM exercises.

Evaluation of Panty Liners in Wear and the Effect on Irritation Caused by Wearing Panty Liners

Evaluation of Panty Liners in Wear and the Effect on Irritation Caused by Wearing Panty Liners

Cellulose‐based hydrogels for personal care products

Name of cellulose is referred to a type of natural carbohydrate with many hydroxyl groups and high water absorption capacity. Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer, found as the main constituent of plants (plant cellulose). Some bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum are also able to synthesize bacterial cellulose. Cellulose‐based hydrogels are superabsorbent materials, which make 3D networks. Chemical bonds or other cohesive forces such as hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions connect the cellulose chains together. Hydrogels can swell and absorb water and other aqueous fluids in their 3D networks, but they are insoluble in them. Nowadays, an increasing demand emerges for biodegradable materials and products made from renewable resources such as cellulose. The excellent biocompatibility of cellulose has prompted the large use of cellulose‐based personal care products. Cellulose hydrogel is used for these products as the thickener and stabilizing agents or as moisturizing agent to improve the skin feel of the product. Hygienic cellulosic absorbent products such as diapers, panty liners, tampons, paper towels, and tissue papers are used as personal care products. These products are available in different absorbency ratings from junior to ultra‐absorbency. Using cellulose‐based hydrogel, superabsorbent products are made. In this review, applications of cellulose‐based hydrogels in personal care products were reviewed.

Self-reported toileting behaviors in employed women: Are they associated with lower urinary tract symptoms?

To describe toileting behaviors working women habitually use and investigate behaviors associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially urinary urgency with or without leakage. Non-pregnant female employees of a large academic medical center 18 years and over were eligible to complete an online survey about bladder health and toileting behaviors. One hundred eighty-two women participated in the survey. The majority were white (83.52%), married (52.49%), had ≥1 pregnancy (54.40%), and in excellent health (93.41%). The average age and body mass index were 47.28 ± 13.56 years and 27.92 ± 6.78, respectively. The sample was further sub-divided into two groups: urinary urgency (N = 119) or no urinary urgency symptoms (N = 51). Habitual toileting behaviors for these groups (N = 170) included: sitting to urinate at home (98.24%), emptying the bladder completely (88.82%), emptying the bladder before leaving home (80.00%), and sitting to urinate when away from home (68.82%). Logistic regression analysis showed age increased the odds of urinary urgency (aOR 1.06, 95%CI 1.02-1.09). Women who waited too long to urinate at work (aOR 7.85, 95%CI 1.57-39.24) and wore panty liners for urinary leakage (aOR 2.86, 95%CI 1.25-6.56) had greater odds of urinary urgency than women who did neither. Most habitual toileting behaviors were not associated with urinary urgency except waiting too long to urinate when at work. Logistic regression revealed significant relationships among health-related factors, personal characteristics, behaviors, and urinary urgency. LUTS in women is both a women's health and occupational health issue.