Pampus Echinogaster Research Articles

Whole-genome survey reveals interspecific differences in genomic characteristics and evolution of Pampus fish

Pampus belongs to the Perciformes, Stromateoidei, and Stromateidae and are widely distributed throughout the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific. In this study, we employed next-generation sequencing to generate comprehensive genomic data for Pampus punctatissimus and Pampus echinogaster and subsequently compared the obtained genomic information with the published data of Pampus argenteus. P. echinogaster was identified to be the largest genome size (602 Mb), heterozygosity (1.38%), and repetitive sequence ratio (33.06%), while similar genome sizes between P. punctatissimus (540 Mb) and P. argenteus (550 Mb) were observed. A total of 402,921 and 628,298 SSRs were identified for P. punctatissimus and P. echinogaster, respectively. Additionally, 1,876, 638, and 394 single-copy homologous genes were identified from P. punctatissimus, P. echinogaster, and P. argenteus, respectively. The KEGG enrichment results of the unique single-copy genes to the three species were significantly different in genetic information processing, protein processing, and metabolic functions. The complete mitochondrial genomes of P. punctatissimus and P. echinogaster were successfully assembled, and the resulting phylogenetic relationships align with the currently reported taxonomic status of species in the Stromateoidei. Additionally, population size analysis using PSMC revealed that P. punctatissimus experienced one bottleneck effect, while P. echinogaster underwent two bottleneck events during the Pleistocene Glacial Epoch.

Using environmental DNA method to clarify the distribution of Pampus echinogaster in the East China Sea

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming a potentially valuable survey technique to monitor marine organisms, especially when the research spans wide-ranging temporal or spatial dimensions. Pampus echinogaster plays an important role in China’s marine fisheries. However, the stock of P. echinogaster is gradually declining, so the fishery protection and management of P. echinogaster are becoming crucial. To achieve the non-invasive and large-scale monitoring of P. echinogaster, we developed a specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method based on eDNA technology. Results showed that positive signals of P. echinogaster eDNA were successfully detected at 36 sites (82% of the total) in the East China Sea. Significant differences in eDNA concentrations between the southern and northern stations in the East China Sea suggested differences between the life histories of P. echinogaster in these two sea areas. The hotspot was found around the central areas of the East China Sea, especially around the Taizhou seawater (Jiaojiang Estuary). Vertical distribution showed that the eDNA hotspots were primarily concentrated in the middle and upper layers (0–40 m). The distribution results of eDNA hotspots were similar to those of previous findings through motor–trawl capture, indicating the validity of the eDNA results. The relationship between environmental factors and the eDNA concentration showed that PO43-− was significantly correlated with the P. echinogaster eDNA concentration. Overall, our study indicated that the eDNA approach was an effective survey method and can be used as a monitoring tool. We advocate this monitoring approach as supplementary means to guide the management and conservation of large-scale sea areas and thus enable the initially surveying to provide the best information about species-specific distribution.

Differentiation and Temperature Adaptation of Pampus Echinogaster Based on Genome-Wide SNPs

Climate change and overfishing have led to the degradation of the quality and stock of Pampus echinogaster. Exploring the genetic structure and local adaptive evolutionary mechanisms of P. echinogaster is crucial for the management of this species. This population genomic study of nine geographical populations of P. echinogaster in China was conducted by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). A total of 935,215 SLAF tags were obtained, and the average sequencing depth of the SLAF tags was 20.80×. After filtering, a total of 46,187 high-consistency genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Based on all SNPs, the population size of the nine P. echinogaster geographical populations was large. The Shantou population had the lowest genetic diversity, and the Tianjin population had the highest. Moreover, the population genetic structure based on all SNPs revealed significant gene exchange and no significant genetic differentiation among the nine P. echinogaster geographical populations, probably because of the population expansion after the last glacial period, the lack of balance between migration and genetic drift, and the long-distance diffusion of eggs and larvae. We suspect that variation of material metabolism, ion transfer, breeding, stress response, and inflammatory reactions-related genes were critical for adaptation to spatially heterogeneous temperature selection in natural P. echinogaster populations.

Using Environmental DNA Methods to Clarify the Distribution of Pampus Echinogaster in the East China Sea

Using Environmental DNA Methods to Clarify the Distribution of Pampus Echinogaster in the East China Sea

Using the LBB Method for the Assessments of Seven Fish Stocks From the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters

The status of fishery resources in the Yangtze estuary and its adjacent waters is still unclear for the effective implementation of fishery management strategies. To help address this gap, a new method especially for data-limited fish stocks (LBB) was applied to assess seven commercially and ecotrophically important fish stocks. Fish specimens were collected in the estuary by bottom trawling quarterly from May 2018 to February 2019. Two historical datasets were collected with the same method in the same area for Indian perch (Jaydia lineata) and sickle pomfret (Pampus echinogaster). To explore the growth features and resilience of fish stocks, auximetric plots and growth performance indices (Φ′) were used. Results showed that common hairfin anchovy (Setipinna tenuifilis) in 2018 and Indian perch in 2018 showed a healthy stock biomass status with complete length structures under a sustainable fishing pressure. The others were outside of safe biological limits or overfished. The Lmean/Lopt < 0.9 in six (67%) of nine LBB models for seven fish stocks suggested that most of the stocks were truncated in length structures. This contribution provides the main fishery reference points regarding stock status that can inform managers and form the basis for various management strategies.

Length-weight relationships of three fish species from the coastal waters of Yellow Sea, China

Length–weight relationships (LWRs) were determined for three fish species: Zebrias zebrinus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), Setipinna termuifilis (Valenciennes, 1848) and Pampus echinogaster (Basilewsky, 1855). Samples were collected from the coastal waters of Yellow Sea, China, from early April to mid–April 2017 using bottom trawl nets (20 mm stretched mesh size of cod-end) and set nets (15.6 mesh size). The values of exponent b in the fitted LWRs ranged from 3.101 to 3.427 for three fish species.

Population genetics of Pampus echinogaster along the Pacific coastline of China: insights from the mitochondrial DNA control region and microsatellite molecular markers

Genetic variation among seven populations of Pampus echinogaster collected from the coastal waters of China was investigated based on the mitochondrial DNA control region and microsatellite molecular markers. The results revealed a high level of genetic diversity that may be related primarily to the life history traits and diverse habitats of this species. Analysis of the genetic structure and migration of P. echinogaster revealed weak genetic differentiation among populations, with an absence of a phylogeographic structure, indicating relatively high genetic homogeneity that may be associated with a recent population expansion event. The complex migratory and high dispersal ability of ichthyoplankton, as well as China’s offshore circulation, may have played important roles in shaping the current genetic structure of P. echinogaster. Unlike stock division in conventional fisheries, the present study found no significant differences among the P. echinogaster populations, all of which were panmictic. Therefore, in addition to accounting for conventional fishery stocks, a comprehensive assessment should be conducted by considering the phylogenetic structure among different populations.

New genetic perspectives of the ambiguous pomfret as revealed by CR sequences.

Pampus argenteus is an economically important fish that is often erroneously identified as Pampus echinogaster. No population genetic analyses have been performed on the true P. argenteus species. Here, the mitochondrial control region (CR) was used to evaluate the population genetics and elaborate the historical demography of the Silver pomfret collected from six geographical locations in China, Pakistan, and Kuwait. A high level of genetic diversity was demonstrated in this species. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic divergence was mainly derived from within the populations (P < 0.05). A historical demographic analysis indicated that the Silver pomfret experienced a recent population expansion during the late Pleistocene. The phylogeographical structure revealed two obvious lineages that diverged in the late Pleistocene, during which the Silver pomfret populations historically experienced exotic divergence and mixed again with differentiated populations. Currently, Silver pomfret populations have insufficient time to attain migration-drift equilibrium. Population genetic data of the Silver pomfret can provide preliminary genetic knowledge for its fishery management.

Morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding of Pampus echinogaster (Basilewsky, 1855)

The morphological similarities of Pampus fishes have led to considerable confusion in species-level identification, and no accurate information on neotype or DNA barcoding of Pampus echinogaster is available. Two hundred and seven specimens of P. echinogaster were collected from the coastal waters of Dandong, Dongying, Qingdao, Nantong, Zhoushan, Wenzhou, Changle, Taiwan, and Wakayama (Japan), from June 2010 to April 2013. The diagnostic characteristics of P. echinogaster are as follows: dorsal fin VIII-XI-43–51, anal fin V-VIII-43–49, pectoral fin 22–27, caudal fin 19–22, pelvic fin absent; first gill rakers sparse, slender (pointed), 3–4+12–16=15–20; vertebrae 39–41; transverse occipital canal on top of head moderately small, wavy ridges not reaching upper origin of pectoral fin; ventral branch of lateral line canal spare, shorter than dorsal branch of lateral line canal. By combining congener sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene from GenBank, two absolute groups were detected among all specimens, which further indicated that two valid species were present based on genetic differences in amino acid sequences and the distance between the groups. The sequences of Group 1 can be regarded as DNA barcoding of P. echinogaster. The correct morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of P. echinogaster are presented here to provide a guarantee for efficient and accurate studies, a theoretical basis for classification, and enable appropriate fishery management and conservation strategies for the genus Pampus in the future.

Niche and interspecific association of the dominant fish in the south coastal waters of Wenzhou, China

The studies about the niche and interspecific association in China were mainly focused on the plants, birds and marine animals, and seldom on fish. Based on the fishery resources survey in spring (May) and autumn (September) in 2015, the associations among major fish species in south coastal waters of Wenzhou were investigated. The methods including niche breadth, niche overlap, variance ratio (VR), Χ2-test, association coefficient (AC), percentage of co-occurrence (PC) and point correlation coefficients (Ф) were used. The results showed that 47 fish species were identified, including 9 orders, 27 families and 41 genera. Four species were dominant species and 9 were important species, which together accounted for 17%. The niche breadth cluster analysis demonstrated two clearly identifiable ecological niches. The first one referred to wide niche that included Harpodon nehereus, Collichthys lucidus, Engraulis japonicas, Pampus echinogaster, Argyrosomus argentatus, Polynemus sextarius, Decapterus maruadsi and Trichiurus haumela, and the second one was narrow niche that included Muraenesox cinereus, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Cunoglossus robustus, Pseudosciaena polyactis and Ilisha elongate. The niche overlap value of the main fish was 0-0.90, indicating that there was difference in the resource utilization among the species. The ecological niche widths of C. robustus and M. cinereus were narrow, and the overlap values were high. This indicated that there was competition between these two species. The VR analysis revealed significant positive correlation among the main fish species. In view of the advantages of Ф value, which could reduce the impact of the analysis results of Χ2-test, AC and PC to the interspecific association, the Ф value method was selected in this study, and the association of 63 couples were positive. Both the interspecific association and ecological niche had different degrees of correlation with the stability of community structure and community succession.

한국 서해산 암컷 덕대 Pampus echinogaster (Basilewsky)의 난형성과정 중 난모세포 발달과 난모세포 내에서의 난황형성과정에 관한 미세구조적 연구

한국 서해산 암컷 덕대 Pampus echinogaster (Basilewsky)의 난형성과정 중 난모세포 발달과 난모세포 내에서의 난황형성과정에 관한 미세구조적 연구

First record of vertebral anomalies in some members of the genus Pampus (family: Stromateidae) collected from Guangdong, China and from the Kii Peninsula, Honshu Island, Japan

Vertebral deformity and fusion are reported in fourPampusspecies,Pampus cinereus, Pampus echinogaster, Pampus liuorumandPampus punctatissimus(family: Stromateidae) collected from Guangdong, China and from the Kii Peninsula, Honshu Island, Japan. All abnormalities were found in the caudal region of the vertebral column of the four specimens ofPampusexamined, which included cases of missing vertebrae, lordosis and deformed centra. In addition, minor anomalies were also noticed in the abnormal specimen ofPampus liuorum. Possible causes such as genetic and epigenetic factors may be implicated in this anomaly.

음향 자료를 이용한 하계 여수 바다목장 해역에서 어군의 시·공간 분포와 특징

This study assessed dominant fish species, and the characteristics and spatio-temporal distribution of fish schools using acoustic and catch data in the marine ranching area (MRA) of Yeosu in July and August 2013. Acoustic data were collected using a 200-kHz dual beam transducer, and catch data were analyzed through auction data generated by a set net installed in the MRA. More fish schools were detected by acoustic methods in July than in August. The temporal distribution of fish schools differed between July and August, but, many schools demonstrated a high mean volume scattering strength (SV) around artificial reefs. Additionally, the characteristics of fish schools detected by echograms and the species caught by set nets differed between July and August. The dominant fish species were Engraulis japonicus, Pampus argenteus, Scomberomorus niphonius, and Pampus echinogaster in July, and approximately 85% of the catch in August consisted of Scomberomorus niphonius. Therefore, hydro-acoustic tools are useful for estimating fish school characteristics in large areas over a short period. To determine species, it is important to conduct net sampling surveys during the acoustic surveys. However, if a database of fish school characteristics organized by species is constructed through continuous study, it could be possible to identify fish species through acoustic methods alone.

거문도 주변 해역에 출현하는 저어류 군집의 종조성

The study aims at analyzing a species composition of the fish live in bottom of the coastal waters off Sejon island, Korea. To reach the goal of the study, a species composition and it's seasonally fluctuation, a seasonally fluctuation of the dominant species and it's appearance type were analyzed with the fishes caught by the bottom trawl in the coastal waters off Sejon island from May, 2011 to March, 2012. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; Fish caught in this area composes 10 orders, 25 families, and 37 species. The most dominant species in an number of fish was Pennahia argentata which was occupied at 42.1% from the whole number, the second most dominant species was Konosirus punctatus which was occupied at 14.2%. The most dominant species in a biomass of fish was Pennahia argentata which was 31.3% out of the whole catch, the next dominant species was Lophius litulonwhich which was 18.2%. The first group (Trichiurus lepturus, Zeus faber, Pennahia argentata, Chelidonichthys spinosus and Lophius litulon) was appeared at May, August, October, the second group (Sphyraena pinguis) was appeared at May and November, the third group (Pampus argenteus) was appeared at August, the fourth group (Pampus echinogaster, Leiognathus nuchalis, Konosirus punctatus and Engraulis japonicus) was appeared at March.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Pampus echinogaster (Perciformes: Stromateidae)

The long PCR and primer walking methods are employed for determining the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Pampus echinogaster. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 17,694 bp in length including the structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 23 transfer RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region). Two tRNAMet genes are identified in the tRNA-IQM region. Within the control region, we identify the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), a central conserved domain (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D) and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3). There are 10 copies of tandem repeats of 120–124 bp in the control region, which contain CSB-3.

Population biology of Korean pomfret pampus echinogaster (Basilewsky, 1855) (Perciformes: Stromateidae) on the western coast of Korea, yellow sea

Investigations were made on population biology of Pampus echinogaster (Basilewsky, 1855) in the coastal areas of Korea, Yellow Sea, between August 2005 and July 2006. Population structure was not significantly different between male and females. Monthly variation of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of both sexes defined spawning period extending from March through July. A similar pattern was also observed in change at maturity stages. For males and females GSI was positively correlated with hepatosomatic index (HSI). Fecundity, ranging from 41,250 to 103,610 eggs, was related to body size, indicating that body size is the useful determinant of fecundity. The sexual maturity (L50) was estimated as 14.98 cm TL for males and 19.32 cm TL for females. Parameters of growth estimated by the modified von Bertalanffy growth function model showed that the values of U and K for combined data were 39.12 cm TL and 0.65 yr1. The growth performance index of this study (2.75) was higher than that of the previous study (2.45). This difference could be attributed to sampling method. The recruitment patterns indicated one normally distributed group. Percentage of the recruitment was 51.04% in the spawning season and the highest in August (19.78%).

망지를 이용한 트롤 탈출장치 개발

Sea experiment for this study was carried out to develop a Trawl Escapement Net(TEN) using net material to improve the survival rate of undersized fishes that escaped from trawls in the Korean southern sea in May and November, 2005. Three kinds of Trawl Escapement Net(TEN) were examined to increase the escapement rate for fishes escaped from the TEN, and total catches in the codend and cover-net were investigated. The main catch species in the experimental fishing trials using a V shape TEN(A type) in May were Korean pomfret(Pampus echinogaster), slimy(Leiognathus nuchalis), gizzard shad(Konosirus punctatus), white croaker(Pennahia argentata) and smelt(Sillago sihama). In the experimental fishing trials using a V shape TEN with a protector for undersized fishes(B type) and a panel shape TEN with a protector(C type) in November, the main catch species were horse mackerel(Trachurus japonicus), sea pike (Sphyraena japonica), large-head hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus), kammal thryssa(Thryssa kammalensis), white croaker(Pennahia argentata), butterfish(Psenopsis anomala) and red gurnard(Lepidotrigla microptera). Most of large-sized fish species like Korean pomfret and Spanish mackerel could not escape through the TEN in the B type and C type. Catches of horse mackerel were highest in the experimental fishing of November and escapement rates for most fish species including horse mackerel were higher in the C type compared with B type.

Factors Affecting the Wintering Habitat of Major Fishery Resources in Southwestern Korean Waters

We investigated the temperature and salinity effects on the major fish species in the wintering grounds based on trawl surveys and oceanographic observations in the southwestern waters of Korea during March-early April in 2002-2003. The influence area of warm Kuroshio water was limited to the southwestern area of Korea in 2003 with a range of 7.7-16.3°C, 32.54-34.70 of salinity, wider than that of 2002. The number of fish species and density of major fish species in 2003 were higher than in 2002. Geographical estimation showed high proportions of species number and catches in the areas around Jeju Islands, southwestern waters and the southeastern coast of Korea. Five species; silver pomfret (Pampus echinogaster), hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus), anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) and yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon) were most abundant, composing above 60% of the total catch in 2002 and 2003. More than 50% of catch in the major fish species were mostly distributed in the range of 9.5-11.0°C of temperature and 33.1-33.9 of salinity. Non-parametric estimation for the major species showed the 1st mode around 10°C and the 2nd mode at 8-9°C in 2002 and 11-14°C in 2003. A m o n g major fish species, hairtail was principally composed of juveniles, and larger individuals were caught in southeastern waters. These results are considered to be helpful for the areabased fishery management strategy for the wintering grounds of the Yellow Sea and coastal waters of Korea.

트롤 탈출어류의 생존율 연구

The aim of this study was to develope a fishing technology for fisheries management for improving the survival rate of young fishes escaped from trawl net. Sea experiments were carried out to investigate the survival rate of the fishes in off Geomun island and Korean southern sea. Cover-net fish cage was designed and manufactured to collect fishes escaped from COD(codend) and TED(trawl escapement device). Fish cage was installed in a shallow site where scuba diver can observe the surviving fishes after separating the cage from trawl net. Most of fishes except horse mackerel(Trachurus japonicus) and mackerel(Scomber japonicus) could escaped through TED(bar space 35mm) easier than COD(mesh size 54mm). Especially, escapement rate of redlip croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis) escaped from TED was the highest as 73.9%. Survival rate of horse mackerel(Trachurus japonicus) escaped from TED was 85.5% at the point of 96 hours over, while the survival rate for COD showed a rapid decrease according to the time elapse as 85.0% at the point of 24 hours, 76.4% for 48 hours, 62.7% for 72 hours and 56.1% for 96 hours. Over 90% of red seabream(Pagrus major) and rock bream(Oplegnathus fasciatus) escaped from TED were survived 96 hours over and the survival rate of those fishes were excellent compared with the other fish species. All korean pomfret(Pampus echinogaster) escaped from both COD and TED were died within 48 hours. Most of redlip croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis) were also died within 12 hours because of the weak physiological characteristics by water pressure change. Survival rate of fishes like as horse mackerel(Trachurus japonicus) having hard skin was high while it was low for the fishes like as squid(Todarodes pacificus) and hair-tail(Trichiurus lepturus) having soft skin. We could know that there were big differences in the survival rate offish species escaped from trawl net.

Notes on an Economically Important but Scientifically Little-known Silver Pomfret, Pampus echinogaster

Notes on an Economically Important but Scientifically Little-known Silver Pomfret, Pampus echinogaster