Tendon Of Palmaris Longus Muscle Research Articles

Reconstruction of Midfacial Defect With Radial Forearm Free Flap

For head and neck reconstruction, especially for reconstruction of midfacial structure, we should consider cosmetic results, functional preservation, and survival of flap. Methods of reconstruction vary from skin graft to free flap. Among those, the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) can be a valuable alternative for defects of midfacial structures such as the eyelid, nose and lip because of its sufficiently long pedicles, lack of bulk and flexibility, all of which enable surgeons to shape the flap into the way they want, and also functionally complement it by using adjacent structures like the palmaris longus muscle tendon. Herein, we introduce various methods of employing RFFF with or without the palmaris longus tendon to get better aesthetic and functional outcomes in reconstruction of midfacial structure.

Study on Palmaris Longus Muscle Tendon Agenesis Among First Year Filipino Medical Students

Introduction: In the recent years palmaris longus muscle tendon (PLMT) has become an extensively and intensively studied muscle all over the world. The main reason for this is the importance of PLMT which was recognized with development of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The possibilities of PLMT use has become bigger and bigger each dayObjectives: The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of agenesis of palmaris longus muscle tendon among first year Filipino medical students at OLFU.Methods: This study was conducted at the Our Lady of Fatima University Medical Centre, Valenzuela City, Philippines. A semi-structured proforma was used to record the relevant data for the study. The Thompson’s test was used for assessing palmaris longus muscle tendon. After taking consent total of 503 first year Filipino medical students were involved.Results: Out of total 503 subjects, 170 (33.80%) were males and 333 (66.20%) were females. Percentage of frequency of agenesis of palmaris longus muscle tendon in both genders was 17.05%. There was no significant gender and laterality difference in the incidence of the agenesis of palmaris longus muscle tendon. That means there are equal chances of palmaris longus muscle tendon agenesis in both gender and the laterality.Conclusions: There was no significant gender and laterality difference in the incidence of the agenesis of PLMT. This means that there are equal chances of PLMT agenesis in both gender and the laterality.Journal of Gandaki Medical College Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, Page: 17-20

The Prevalence of Absence of the Palmaris Longus Muscle Tendon in the North of Iran: A Comparative Study

Background:The palmaris longus is a degenerating weak flexor muscle in the anterior of the forearm. Many techniques for clinically determining the presence of the palmaris longus have been described. Ethnic variations in the prevalence of the absence of the palmaris longus are well known.Objectives:This study considered the prevalence of absence of the palmaris longus muscle tendon in the north of Iran.Patients and Methods:The presence of the palmaris longus was clinically determined in 562 men and women from the Guilan population, using the standard technique (Schaeffer’s test). In subjects with an absent palmaris longus, three other tests (Thompson, Pushpakumar and Mishra tests) were performed to confirm the absence.Results:The overall prevalence of right, left, bilateral and total absence of the palmaris longus were 4.1%, 5.2%, 3.9% and 13.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in its absence with regard to the body side or gender (P > 0.05).Conclusions:This study demonstrated that the presence of the palmaris longus muscle tendon in the Guilan population was considerably higher than the absence of the palmaris longus tendon. The overall prevalence of right, left, bilateral and total absence of the palmaris longus was not significantly different between men and women. The prevalence of the left-absent palmaris longus was more common in the present study.

An accessory flexor digiti minimi brevis or flexor digiti minimi longus?

During routine gross anatomical dissection of the right forearm and hand region of a 61 year old male cadaver, an unusual muscle originating from the tendon of palmaris longus muscle was observed. This muscle originated 3.1 cm proximal to the proximal end of flexor retinaculum and coursed superficial to the retinaculum to reach the hypothenar region. In the hypothenarregion, 5.2 cm distal to the proximal end of flexor retinaculum, the muscle fibers became tendinous and this tendon was inserted to the medial side of the base of fifth proximal phalanx. In this cadaver, muscle fibers of flexor digiti minimi brevis was alsoinserted to the medial side of this variant tendon in a unipennate manner and reached to its final insertion. Our case is uniqueand the possibility of the presence of such an anomalous huge muscle must always be remembered by the clinicians when apatient has findings of ulnar nerve compression syndrome or hypovascularity symptoms in the hand area due to the compression of ulnar artery

Effects of Different Taping Pressures of Wrist Taping Using Rigid Tape on Grip Strength Exertion

In general, wrist taping is performed using a rigid tape. The present study aimed to examine the effect on grip strength exertion due to different taping pressures on the wrist joint using rigid tape. Subjects were 25 male university students (mean age, 20.2 ± 0.8 years) with over 5 years of athletic experience. The wrists of the subjects were taped using one piece of rigid tape wound three times around the wrist joint, including the radial and ulnar styloid processes. Furthermore, taping pressure was adjusted by the pressure measuring system AMI3037-SB, and the sensor was set on the palmaris longus muscle tendon of the dominant wrist. Independent variables included four taping pressure conditions (5, 30, 60, and 90 hPa) and a control (no tape) condition. Statistical analysis showed that grip strength exertion was significantly lower in the 90 hPa condition than in the control condition, but the difference was small (effect size = 0.26). In conclusion, wrist taping pressure conditions lower than 60 hPa had little effect on grip strength exertion. However, pressure conditions of 90 hPa slightly decreased grip strength and may interrupt blood flow.

Effects of Different Taping Pressures with Wrist Taping on Isokinetic Strength Exertion of Wrist Dorsal and Palmar Flexion

We aimed to examine the effects of wrist taping at different pressure levels on isokinetic strength exertion of dorsal and palmar flexion. Nineteen healthy male university students were enrolled. The wrist-taping method involved winding a rigid tape around wrist joint thrice. A qualified athletic trainer adjusted taping pressures using a pressure measuring system, whose sensor was on the palmaris longus muscle tendon of the dominant wrist. Isokinetic dorsal and palmar flexion strength was measured by an isokinetic dynamometer system. Taping pressure [5, 30, 60, and 90 hPa and control (no tape)] and angular velocity [slow (60°/sec), moderate (180°/sec), and fast (300°/sec)] were considered independent variables. Peak torque (Nm) of isokinetic strength exertion was considered the dependent variable. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (taping pressure × angular velocity) was used to calculate the mean differences for peak torque conditions. A significant difference was found only in the main effect of angular velocity. Multiple comparison tests showed that the isokinetic strength exertion was largest in fast flexion in all taping pressure conditions for dorsal flexion, whereas it was largestin slow flexion in the control and 5-hPa conditions for palmar flexion. For palmar flexion, it was larger in slow flexion for 30-hPa. The effects of taping pressure and flexion speed on isokinetic strength exertion may differ between dorsal and palmar flexion of the same wrist.

Effects of Elastic Wrist Taping on Maximum Grip Strength

In this study, we examined the effects of elastic wrist taping with different pressure levels on the maximum grip strength. The subjects were 20 healthy male university students. The tape was wrapped three times around the wrist at the radial and ulnar styloid process. Taping pressure was measured using a pressure measuring system for stockings and bandages. A pressure sensor was placed over the palmaris longus muscle tendon, 1.5 cm proximal to the palmar crease of the subject’s wrist on the dominant upper limb. The following experimental conditions were assessed: control condition (CC), without attachments; sensor condition (SC), with an attached sensor and a cover tape with minimum pressure application (1–5 hPa); and four pressure conditions (PCs), with pressure applications of 30, 60, 90, and 120 hPa using elastic tapes. Grip strength was significantly greater for CC than for PCs. However, the overall decrease in grip strength was still relatively small. No differences were observed in the grip strengths among the four PC groups. Our results showed that grip strength exertion decreased on the application of higher pressures of elastic tape wrapping and that the degree of decrease was similar for all PCs above 30 hPa.

Unusual branching pattern of axillary artery associated with the high origin of ulnar artery

Axillary artery is a continuation of subclavian artery, extending from the outer border of first rib to the lower border of teres major muscle. During routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students, a rare variations was seen in an approximately 55-year-old male cadaver. This case showed a variation in branching pattern of right axillary and subscapular arteries. The subscapular artery originated from 2nd part of axillary artery, gave origin to posterior circumflex humeral and lateral thoracic arteries in addition to its normal branches. The ulnar artery originated from the 3rd part of the axillary artery, just above the lower border of teres major muscle. The variant ulnar artery passed deep to the median cubital vein, bicipital aponeurosis, and tendon of palmaris longus muscle. Then, it passed superficial to flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and flexor retinaculum to enter the palm. In the palm, it formed the superficial palmar arch. This variant ulnar artery was much smaller in caliber than the radial artery.

Agenesis of Palmaris Longus Muscle among Selected Ethiopian Students

Background: Palmaris longus muscle has received a growing interest for its role in constructive surgery. Since the agenesis of Palmaris longus shows a strong racial variation, it is important to investigate its distribution on the Ethiopian students and compare the results with others. Methods: a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in 712 subjects comprising of 504 males and 208 females to assess the distribution of Palmaris longus in the freshman students of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences ,University of Gondar, Ethiopia in 2010. Results: The overall prevalence of absence both unilaterally and bilaterally in the two sexes was 15.3%. The bilateral absence was 8.1%. Unilateral absence was 7.2%. The distribution of unilateral absence on the right and left were 3.5% and 3.7% respectively. In 9 subjects the tendon of Palmaris longus was found duplicated unilaterally. In other ten individuals an overlapping and laterally deviating tendon of Palmaris longus muscle towards the tendon of flexor carpiradialis muscle were observed. Conclusion: Results of this finding suggested that the prevalence of Palmaris longus agenesis is similar as reported in standard anatomy texts but considerably differ from findings obtained from studies that are conducted in other black African populations.

Surveying the genetic factors effect to lack of palmaris longus muscle's tendon and prevalence of absence in the inhabitants of Eastern Azerbaijan

Palmaris longus (PL) is phylogenetically classified as a retrogressive muscle with a long tendon. The length and location of the PL tendon makes it very useful in reconstructive surgery. Agenesis of PL tendon shows strong racial variations. Past studies show absence of 2.8% to 25% depending on ethnicity. Chinese have a low absence rate of 6.0% whilst Caucasian subjects had a high absence rate of 25%. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of unilateral and bilateral absence of PL tendon for Eastern Azerbaijan region of Iran and surveying the genetic factors and environmental effects to lack of PL tendon.

Schmerzhafte Ansatzanomalie des M. palmaris longus bei einem Konzert-Cellisten

A professional cellist suffered four years from pain and fatigue of unknown etiology to his right thumb while playing his cello. These complaints in his performing right hand were potentially threatening his future career, since he was no longer able to play his instrument. Finally, the diagnosis of an anomaly of the insertion of the palmaris longus tendon was made. After resection of the distal portion of this tendon, the patient's symptoms fully resolved. Anatomic anomalies of the upper limb and particularly of the palmaris longus muscle-tendon unit are frequent and may lead to serious complaints in certain professional groups.