Palmar Ridge Counts Research Articles

Dermatoglyphic palmar pattern variations in congenitally deaf and mute subjects

Background: Dermatoglyphics have the unique merit of retaining all their peculiarities unchanged throughout life, and afford in consequence an incomparably surer criterion of identity than any other bodily feature. The rationale for studying dermatoglyphic features is derived from the fact that development of dermal ridges and congenital deafness seems to develop at around the same time. Methods: The material for the study consisted of palm prints of congenitally deaf and mute children of 100 subjects with congenital deafness and muteness between 5-21 years of age and 50 control of similar age group with normal hearing and speech were chosen. The principal patterns of thenar/ I interdigital, interdigital II, interdigital III, interdigital IV and hypothenar area were noted. Position of axial triradius, ‘atd’ angle, pattern of palmar Flexion Creases, presence as well as pattern of the Simian Line and the Sydney Line were recorded. Results: The percentage of open field was maximum in subjects in thenar / interdigital area I. and in interdigital area IV. The mean a-b, c-d and atd angle ridge palmar ridge count was less in subjects in comparison to controls. Highly statistically significant results were obtained between subjects and control for the simian crease pattern when both hands were considered together in which the percentage of transitional type was more than the typical simian crease in subjects. Conclusion: When combined with other clinical and investigative features, dermatoglyphic study can serve as a diagnostic impression and can be advocated as a useful screening device.

QUANTITATIVE DERMATOGLYPHIC PATTERNS IN FEMALE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Purpose: Recently, quantitative dermatoglyphic examinations have been intensively carried out for screening purposes in oncology. Material/Methods: The present study covered 82 women aged between 36 and 80 years with clinically, histologically and mammographically confirmed breast cancer and 60 healthy women aged between 31 and 79 years from the region of Varna, Bulgaria. Two dermatoglyphic methods were applied: i) dactyloscopy of finger ridge count and finger indexes and ii) palmoscopy - palmar ridge count, palmar maximal atd, adt and dat angles, and palmar main lines. Statistical data processing was performed by means of variation analysis, regression analysis, χ2 test and one-way ANOVA using the SPSS software package, version 19. Results: The results from the dactyloscopic and palmoscopic examinations revealed several statistically significant differences in these quantitative dermatoglyphic patterns between breast cancer females and healthy ones. Conclusion: We could conclude that the purposeful examinations of the quantitative dactyloscopic patterns such as total finger ridge count and finger indexes and quantitative palmoscopic traits such as palmar ridge count, maximal adt, atd and dat angles and main palmar lines play a promising role for the cost-effective and trustworthy breast cancer screening in Bulgaria.

Three Patterns of Inheritance of Quantitative Dermatoglyphic Traits: Kosovo Albanian Twin Study.

Dermatoglyphs are epidermal ridge configurations on the fingers, palms and soles that are formed during fetal development, and therefore only the intrauterine environment can have any influence on their formation. This study aims at investigating the genetic and environmental contribution in determining quantitative dermatoglyphic traits in 32 monozygotic (MZ) and 35 dizygotic (DZ) same-sex twins from the Albanian population of Kosovo. All genetic analyses were run in the statistical program Mx. After assumptions testing, based on the pattern of MZ-DZ correlations, univariate models were fitted to the data in order to estimate additive genetic (A), common (C) and individual (E) environmental influences for all variables. The exception was the atd-angle for which a model with nonadditive genetic (D) influences was tested, since DZ correlations were less than half of MZ correlations. Goodness of fit of the full ACE or ADE model was compared to the saturated model. The fit of nested models (AE, CE, DE or E) was compared to the full models (ACE or ADE). Our results indicate that additive genetic component strongly contributes to individual differences in finger ridge counts (49-81%), and weakly (0-50%) on the formation of the palmar ridge counts between the palmar triradii a, b, c, and d. The specific pattern found for the atd-angle implies the impact of a nonadditive genetic component, possibly the effect of a major gene. Further, more powered studies are needed to confirm this pattern, especially for resolving the issue of the huge difference in MZ and DZ twin similarity for the atd-angle palmar trait.

A Comparative Study of Palmar Dermatoglyphics in Thakurs and Lodhis of Bakshi Ka Talab Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

Dermatoglyphic characters vary widely and are unaffected by age, gender and least by environment. Unlike configurations and their distinctiveness with every individual, it also shows bilateral, bisexual and population variations. Palm prints once created are unchangeable throughout life and are unaffected by environmental factors. This paper is based upon the palmar dermatoglyphic. The study reports on bisexual and bilateral palm prints among Lodhis and Thakurs of Rudahi village of Bakshi Ka Talab, Lucknow District. The palmar dermatoglyphic traits have been analyzed among the two populations which are Main line Formula, Endings of main lines D and A, Position of Axial triradius, Angle atd, Main line Index, Hypothenar, Thenar/ Ist Interdigital area, IInd Interdigital area, IIIrd Interdigital area, IVth Interdigital area, and Palmar Ridge Counts. The prints have been obtained by using the duplicating ink method on white paper. On the perusal of Principal Main line Formula among Lodhis and Thakurs, it has been noticed that the frequency is more in Lodhi males than females in formula 11.9.7. On the other hand, the frequency of Thakur males is more than Thakur females in formula 9.7.5. The Ending of Main Line D in position 11 as clearly indicated in Lodhis is higher in both the genders in comparison to Thakurs, while the position 9 indicates highest frequency in Thakur females. The Ending of main line A at position 5’ has higher frequency in Lodhi males. The Main line index value 16 is observed higher in Lodhis in comparison to Thakurs. Higher frequency has been observed in Lodhis than Thakurs in Axial triradius in modal type‘t’. The range of Angle atd is observed to have higher frequency in 36º- 40º among the Lodhis as compared to Thakurs. The palmar ridge counts mean, is found higher in Lodhi females and Thakur males. Thus this paper shows the similarity and dissimilarity among the males and females of Thakurs and Lodhis in Palmar dermatoglyphics.

Determination of the palmar ridge counts and angles in acquired idiopathic blindness in some selected schools for the blind in Nigeria

Background: Ridges are delicately sculpted skin surface and their configural arrangements present on human fingers, toes, and soles. Aim: This study was aimed at determining the palmar ridge counts and palmar angles in acquired idiopathic blindness. Materials and Methods: The study had 72 subjects comprising 36 blind (14 females and 22 males) and 36 nonblind (18 females and 18 males). Palmar prints were obtained using print scanner (HP G3110 Photo Scanner). Results: The mean and standard deviation of the ridge counts for the total blind subjects: on the right hand, A–B was 26.02 ± 2.96, B–C was 27.04 ± 2.81, C–D was 33.16 ± 3.55; and on the left hand, A–B was 26.51 ± 2.38, B–C was 26.99 ± 2.89, and C–D was 33.20 ± 3.44. Considering the total ridge counts for the nonblind subjects on the right hand: A-B was 35.53 ± 1.99, B-C was 22.83 ± 1.87, and C-D was 41.20 ± 2.75; and on the left hand: A-B was 32.72 ± 2.54, B-C was 22.89 ± 2.24, and C-D was 41.30 ± 2.57. The palmar angles had the following values for the blind: on the right hand, ATD angle was 38.69° ± 3.65°, DAT angle was 60.11° ± 4.45°, and TDA angle was 81.19° ± 4.06°, while on the left hand: ATD angle was 38.47° ± 4.14°, DAT angle was 60.28° ± 4.49°, and TDA angle was 81.19° ± 4.50°. Conclusion: This study provides baseline information for researchers who will find it relevant in the course of their research with respect to palmar ridge counts and angles.

Dermatoglyphic correlates of hippocampus volume: Evaluation of aberrant neurodevelopmental markers in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a disorder of aberrant neurodevelopment is marked by abnormalities in brain structure and dermatoglyphic traits. However, the link between these two (i.e. dermatoglyphic parameters and brain structure) which share ectodermal origin and common developmental window has not been explored extensively. The current study examined dermatoglyphic correlates of hippocampal volume in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients in comparison with matched healthy controls. Ridge counts and asymmetry measures for palmar inter-digital areas (a-b, b-c, c-d) were obtained using high resolution digital scans of palms from 89 schizophrenia patients [M:F=48:41] and 48 healthy controls [M:F=30:18]. Brain scans were obtained for subset of subjects including 26 antipsychotic-naïve patients [M:F=13:13] and 29 healthy controls [M:F=19:10] using 3 T-MRI. Hippocampal volume and palmar ridge counts were measured by blinded raters with good inter-rater reliability using valid methods. Directional asymmetry (DA) of b-c and bilateral hippocampal volume were significantly lower in patients than controls. Significant positive correlation was found between DA and ridge count of b-c with bilateral anterior hippocampal volume. Study demonstrates the utility of dermatoglyphic markers in identifying structural changes in the brain which may form the basis for neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in schizophrenia.

Neonatal head circumference and related indices of disturbed fetal development in schizophrenic patients

Neonatal head circumference and dermatoglyphic patterns were examined in 60 schizophrenic patients with previous findings of elevated rates of minor physical anomalies. Neonatal head circumference was reduced in patients vs neonatal matched-controls. Patients did not differ from healthy adult controls on total finger ridge count, a–b palmar ridge count, or pattern type asymmetry. No significant relationships were found in patients between neonatal head circumference, dermatoglyphics and minor physical anomalies, with one exception: reduced a–b palmar ridge count was associated with abnormalities of the mouth. No relationship was found between patients' neonatal head circumference and their adult head circumference. Adult male schizophrenic patients had larger head circumference relative to body length than their male controls.

Asymmetry and Correlations of Palmar Ridge Counts

Asymmetry and Correlations of Palmar Ridge Counts

Palmar Ridge Count in Mentally Retarded Children

Palmar Ridge Count in Mentally Retarded Children

Dermatoglyphics of the Kazaks in Iran.

Dermatoglyphic features of the Kazak, a Mongol tribe in Iran have been studied. C-line terminations showed an interesting feature viz frequencies of the proximal and absent modal types are very high compared to the other populations. Asymmetry and diversity of finger ridge counts from finger to finger showed that the Kazaks are characterized by more or less high heterogeneity and asymmetry. Means of the various palmar ridge counts and MLI are also reported. Bilateral comparisons of various dermatoglyphic features showed significant differences for C- and D-line terminations, c-d ridge count and MLI. The obtained results have been compared with those of the other Iranian populations and frequently showed significant differences.

Path analysis of palmar ridge counts.

The methods for path analysis of family resemblance (Rao et al., '74) are employed to test hypotheses concerning the inheritance of a-b, b-c and c-d palmar ridge counts using the correlation data of Pateria ('74). Homogeneity chi-square tests of the various familial correlations provide no evidence for sex-linkage of either kind, and also suggest that maternal effects are absent. The path coefficient model employed here involves heritability (additive) and common sibling environment. Variance components show that both heritability and common environment are significant, and account for most of the variation at each of the three ridge count area; b-c has the highest heritability, significantly higher than that for a-b or c-d.

Dermatoglyphics in twins.

SummaryThe degree of genetic determination of 4 digital and 16 palmar characteristics was investigated in an unselected series of 49 MZ and 51 DZ adult twins. Low indications of heritability were obtained for the qualitative traits, but 6 of the 8 h2 estimates calculated for the quantitative measurements gave values above 0.70. In general, the results reported here are in agreement with those presented by other authors; however, the correlation coefficients observed for the A′d ridge count were lower than those of two other series. All palmar ridge counts seemed to be intercorrelated in a given individual; other expected relationships, however, were not observed. The fingerprints of MZ and DZ twins on the other hand, showed an unexplained difference.