Palm Fatty Acid Ester Oil Research Articles

Determination of better insulating oil for power transformer oil application using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which was developed by Saaty is a decision-making tool in the year of 1970s. The system is able to solve the complex analysis which could not be performed by the human brain. In this project, the AHP system is chosen to select a better insulating oil for power transformer oil application since the insulation is the most important part of a transformer. In this research method based on the AHP technique, there are six criteria are involved in the model, namely breakdown voltage, dissipation factor/tan delta, pour point, kinematic viscosity, density, and flash point. While, the given alternatives are palm oil, canola oil, palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil, respectively. A spreadsheet software application (Microsoft Excel) was employed in this study. As the result, it is found that the PFAE oil is the best insulating oil that able to be used in a real power transformer oil application. All requirements as insulating oil for transformer oil of PFAE oil are met significantly.

Determination of better insulating oil for power transformer oil application using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which was developed by Saaty is a decision-making tool in the year of 1970s. The system is able to solve the complex analysis which could not be performed by the human brain. In this project, the AHP system is chosen to select a better insulating oil for power transformer oil application since the insulation is the most important part of a transformer. In this research method based on the AHP technique, there are six criteria are involved in the model, namely breakdown voltage, dissipation factor/tan delta, pour point, kinematic viscosity, density, and flash point. While, the given alternatives are palm oil, canola oil, palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil, respectively. A spreadsheet software application (Microsoft Excel) was employed in this study. As the result, it is found that the PFAE oil is the best insulating oil that able to be used in a real power transformer oil application. All requirements as insulating oil for transformer oil of PFAE oil are met significantly.

Comparative Study on the AC Brekadown Voltage of Palm Fatty Acid Ester Insulation Oils Mixed With Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Mineral oils are are derived from petroleum which is a non-renewable and non-sustainable source, and therefore there is a critical need to develop alternative insulation oils for use in transformers. Ester oils offer a number of benefits over mineral oils such as good biodegradability, high cooling stability, good oxidation stability and excellent insulation performance. Nowadays, nanotechnology has become one of the most important research fields in both the academia and industry and it has been shown in previous studies that nanoscale materials are beneficial for transformers. In this regard, the objective of this study is to compare the AC breakdown voltage of palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) oils mixed with iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles. The PFAE-based nanofluids are prepared using two methods: (1) Method I (weight-based method whereby the concentration of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>nanoparticles is 0.01 g/l) and (2) Method II (volume-fraction method whereby the concentration of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>nanoparticles is 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%). The AC breakdown voltage test is conducted on the PFAE-based nanofluids in accordance with the ASTM D1816 standard test method. Weibull statistical analysis is carried out to analyse the AC breakdown voltage of fresh PFAE oil and PFAE-based nanofluids. It is found that there is enhancement of the AC breakdown voltage for all PFAE-based nanofluids with the exception of with the exception of one sample prepared using Method II (0.01% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>nanoparticles).

Creeping discharge developing on vegetable-based oil / pressboard interface under AC voltage

The behavior of creeping discharges developing on the pressboard surface was investigated experimentally in palm fatty acid ester oil, natural rapeseed oil and commercial mineral oil under variable ac voltages with 60 Hz, respectively. The oilimpregnated pressboard was used as the solid dielectric and it was immersed completely into the same oil. The tungsten needle electrode was installed in the one side of pressboard surface without the counter electrode as a high voltage electrode and a grounded fine copper rod was adhered tightly in the other side of pressboard as a back side electrode. The discharge shape, streamer extension, streamer velocity and tracking at the oil/pressboard interface were observed as a function of the time and voltage by using a still camera equipped with a night viewer. Simultaneously, the discharge current and dissipated energy were measured. The gas components dissolved in oils by the creeping discharge were also examined by the dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA). In this paper, it is presented that there are distinctive events due to the occurrence of creeping discharges.