Palm Empty Bunch Research Articles

Exploration of Indigenous Molds from Empty Palm Bunch Waste Which Have The Potential As A Cellulose Degradation Agent

Empty palm oil bunches (TKKS) are waste that has not been utilized optimally by palm oil mills and degraded in nature for a relatively long time. The most significant component in EFB is cellulose, so it needs to be degraded. This research aims to obtain mold from EFB, which is undergoing decomposition and has the potential to degrade cellulose so that the mold can later be used to break down the cellulose in EFB. The research began by measuring the temperature and pH of the TKKS samples in the middle and upper parts, followed by sampling. The sampling location was at the PTPN III Cikasungka Bogor Palm Oil Factory (PKS), which is located in Mekarjaya village, Cigudeg, Bogor Regency. The isolation results obtained 19 mold isolates, and then the isolates were grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) media to test their cellulolytic potential. Microscopic observations of molds that can grow on CMC media are generally thought to be the genus Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Phanerochaete sp., and Penicillium sp. The cellulolytic potential test results showed that 18 mold isolates were obtained, three of which were in the high cellulolytic potential category, namely isolates JM313, JM105, and JM518, with cellulolytic indexes of 5.25 respectively, 2.98 and 2.06.

Exploring agricultural waste substrate for enhancement of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> cultivation

The proximate composition of the organic waste substrates used in cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus was analyzed, and the results revealed significant variations in various nutritional components among the substrates. Palm Chaff had the highest ash content (7.14%), followed by Oil Palm Empty Bunch (5.08%), Yam Peel (4.29%), and Saw Dust (1.36%). This indicated that Palm Chaff was the richest in minerals, while sawdust had the lowest mineral content. In addition, Yam Peel had the highest moisture content (8.46%), followed by Palm Chaff (5.87%), Oil Palm Empty Bunch (4.62%), and Saw Dust (2.83%). This suggested that Saw Dust was the driest substrate. Furthermore, Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the highest crude lipid content (1.94%), followed by Palm Chaff (1.38%), Yam Peel (1.13%), and Saw Dust (0.04%). Moreover, Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the highest crude protein content (2.56%), followed by Yam Peel (2.1%) and Palm Chaff (2.02%). Saw Dust had the lowest crude protein content (1.74%). Besides, Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the highest crude fiber content (48.27%), followed by Palm Chaff (36.94%), Saw Dust (26.17%), and Yam Peel (14.36%). In addition, Saw Dust had the highest carbohydrate content (67.86%), followed by Yam Peel (69.64%) and Palm Chaff (46.65%). Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the lowest carbohydrate content (37.58%). These findings offered valuable insights into the suitability of each substrate for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus Additionally, it enabled growers to make informed decisions about substrate selection based on the specific nutritional needs and growth requirements of the mushrooms. The impact of various organic waste substrates on the growth dynamics of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), revealed significant variations in several key parameters. In primordial Formation, the number of early-stage fruiting bodies formed varied between 12 and 36 across different substrate formulations. The highest primordial formation was observed in treatment A + B + C + D (36), while treatments involving individual substrates or their combinations had the lowest primordial formation (12). Furthermore, in Fruiting Body Production, the number of mature mushrooms produced varied across treatments. Treatment A + C resulted in the highest number of fruiting bodies (26), while treatments involving combinations of substrates (B + C + D, A + B + C, A + B + C + D, C + D) had the lowest number of fruiting bodies (3). Overall, the findings highlight the influence of specific substrate combinations on various aspects of mushroom growth dynamics. However, the choice of growth substrates did not significantly impact the overall weight and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus in this study. These results provide valuable insights for optimizing mushroom cultivation practices.

Influence of Mushroom Grown on Yam Peel, Palm chaff, Sawdust, and Oil Palm Empty Bunch as Poultry Feed Admixture for Broiler Chicks Growth Enhancer

This study explores the viability of utilizing mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on diverse organic wastes as an economical and nutrient-rich feed for poultry production. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of mushroom grown on yam peel, palm chaff, sawdust, and oil palm empty bunch as poultry feed admixture for broiler chicks’growth enhancer using appropriate standard methods with thirty (30) broiler chicks on three diets for six weeks: Mushroom Poultry Feed (MPF); Commercial Poultry Feed (CPF), and Mixed Feed (MPF + CPF) respectively. Data obtained show that MPF-fed chickens exhibited a lower growth rate than chickens fed with CPF and MPF + CPF, signifying relatively less efficient weight gain. However, no significant differences were observed among feeding treatments (p > 0.05). The digestibility of MPF, CPF, and MPF + CPF was 81.06%, 82.93%, and 85.86% respectively, suggesting the potential of mixed feed to provide superior nutrients for growth and energy. Regarding chicken meat composition, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in proximate composition, vitamins, and minerals among various feed treatments, emphasizing their interplay. However, the feed type did not significantly impact vitamin content (p > 0.05), highlighting variations more attributable to vitamin types than feed treatments. These findings highlight the potential of valorizing organic waste through mushroom cultivation for sustainable and economically viable poultry feed production.

Biochar and Azolla Effects on Soil Chemical Properties, Lead Content and Growth of Paddy

The objective of the study was to determine the influences of biochar amendments and Azolla sp application on soil chemical value, lead (Pb) content, and growth of paddy. The research was conducted in Growth Centre LLDIKTI I, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, from April to July 2014. The research design used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was Azolla sp application: without Azolla (A0); Azolla pinnata (A1); Azolla mikropilla (A2)] and the second factor was biochar amendment without biochar (B0); RSB-Rice straw biochar (B1), RHB-Rice husk biochar (B2), CPB-coconut peat biochar (B3), OPB-Oil Palm Empty Bunch biochar (B4)]. The result showed that the biochar amendment treatments had significant differences (P<0.05) in all soil chemical values and growth parameters of paddy. The Azolla application showed significant differences (P<0.05) in plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and Pb content in the root. The interaction among the Azolla sp and the biochar amendments showed significant differences (P<0.05) in a number of the tillers. It was concluded that the application of rice husk biochar and Azolla microphylla was able to increase soil chemical properties, increase the growth of paddy, and also increase the Pb content in soil, leaves, and roots.

Process design for acidic and alcohol based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and high pressure homogenization of palm bunches for nanocellulose production

This research aimed to study on nanocellulose production from palm bunch using process design and cost analysis. Choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment was selected for high-purity cellulose separation at mild condition, followed by nano-fibrillation using mechanical treatment. Three types of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents employing different hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) namely lactic acid, 1,3-butanediol and oxalic acid were studied. The optimal cellulose extraction condition was choline chloride/lactic acid (ChLa80C) pretreatment of palm empty bunch at 80 °C followed by bleaching yielding 94.96%w/w cellulose content in product. Size reduction using ultrasonication and high-pressure homogenization produced nanocellulose at 67.12%w/w based on cellulose in raw material. Different morphologies of nanocellulose were tunable in the forms of nanocrystals, nano-rods and nanofibers by using dissimilar deep eutectic solvents. This work offered a sustainable and environmentally friendly process as well as provided analysis of DES pretreatment and overview operating cost for nanocellulose production. Application of nanocellulose for the fabrication of highly functional and biodegradable material for nanomedicine, electronic, optical, and micromechanical devices is achievable in the near future.

Application of organic fertilizer for improving soybean production under acidic stress

The presence of acidic soil in rural areas poses difficulties for agricultural production. One factor regulating soil pH is the overuse of inorganic fertilizer. The increased use of fertilizers in soybean production not only raises sustainability concerns but also contributes to soil acidity. Therefore, the use of organic fertilizer could offer a solution for addressing both issues related to soil acidity and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the manipulation of soil pH using organic fertilizer for soybean production under acidic stress. The planting medium, consisting of a mixture of topsoil, rice husk charcoal, and organic fertilizer (in a ratio of 2:1:1), was supplemented with 0.5 ​g of NPK fertilizer as a basal treatment in each planting medium. To regulate the soil acidity to pH 4, we added FeSO4 and allowed the mixture to incubate for 30 days. The results demonstrate that the application of three types of organic fertilizers chicken manure (P1), oil palm empty bunch fertilizer (P2), and vermicompost (P3) positively impacts the growth of three soybean varieties. The findings indicate that the application of P2 organic fertilizer can increase vegetative growth almost 50% in soybeans on acidic soil, including plant height, leaf count, and root length. Meanwhile, applying P3 organic fertilizer can boost reproductive growth responses in soybeans on acidic soil, such as pod number (from around 0-4 unit to 42–51 unit), grain number (from around 0-5 unit to 88–90 unit), and grain weight (from around 0–0.37 ​g to 12–25 ​g). Organic fertilizer has the potential to regulate soil pH, promoting higher yields of soybeans under acidic stress.

Adsorption Properties of Beta Carotene from Activated Carbon Derivatives of Oil Palm Empty Bunches

This research aims to determine the adsorption ability of activated carbon and Fe-Cu modified activated carbon in the β-carotene adsorption process on Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Empty Palm Oil Bunches (TKKS) are used as a bio-sorbent for carbon production at a temperature of 500 ºC. The synthesized carbon was activated using H3PO4 and modified with Fe-Cu metal. CPO quality parameters such as Free Fatty Acids and Peroxide Number were analyzed to see the effect of adsorption on CPO quality. The β-carotene level in the CPO sample used is 472.1 ppm. The optimum conditions for using activated carbon in the β-carotene adsorption process are a mass variation of 8 grams with the β-carotene remaining after adsorption being 432.4 ppm, whereas by using Magnetic Activated Carbon, CPO β-carotene after adsorption remains at 426.1 ppm. Meanwhile, increasing the adsorption time causes the absorption of β-carotene to become greater. By using Activated Carbon the remaining β-carotene is 300.1 ppm after 120 minutes, whereas by using Magnetic Activated Carbon the optimum absorption time is faster and the amount of β-carotene absorbed is greater. The remaining βcarotene after absorption with Magnetic Activated Carbon was 288.7 after 90 minutes of adsorption. Apart from being able to absorb β-carotene, magnetic activated carbon is also better at reducing FFA and PV levels from CPO.

Combination Of Goat Rumen And Mas Snails As Decomposer Bacteria In Manufacturing Empty Palm Bunch Compost

One effort to utilize EPOFB waste is by composting EPOFB. Cellulose can be broken down by the activity of microorganisms that are capable of hydrolyzing cellulose as an energy source, such as bacteria and fungi. One solution for managing EFB waste is to utilize cellulose decomposing organisms, which come from goldfish snails (pomacea canaliculata) and goat rumen (caprovis spp.). The aim of this research is to calculate the length of time for composting, observe the physical properties of the compost and test the nutrient elements N, P, K, C/N ratio and pH, compost from EFB using decomposer bacteria from golden snails combined with goat rumen at the P1 level and the P2 level. using commercial bioactivators. Fertilizer results at each level were compared with the Indonesian National Standard SNI No./140/10/2004. This research was carried out at the Agronomy Laboratory of the Plantation Plant Cultivation Study Program and Pilot Gardens of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic, from June to September 2023. The research results show the length of time for composting to compost empty oil palm bunch waste at P1 level using a golden snail decomposer combined with rumen goats and P2 used a commercial biodecomposer for 53 days. Based on the results of research on the physical properties of empty oil palm fruit bunch waste compost at levels P1 and P2, the temperature at the end was the same, namely 28ºC, while the color, odor and texture parameters were better at level P2, namely blackish brown, odorless and slightly grainy in texture. The research results at the P2 treatment level were better in terms of the element parameters N, P, K and C, namely, N = 1.0343%, P = 0.2554% and K = 32.58, which met SNI 19-7030-2004 standards.

Evaluation of selected burnt plant residues and mineral fertilizers on soil properties and nutrient uptake and growth parameters of oil palm seedlings

Oil palm seeds are difficult to grow due to poor viability; that is why they are raised in nursery. Addition of right and adequate fertilizer is needed to improve soil fertility. Thus, an experiment was conducted in 2022 to compare the effect of empty palm bunch (EPBA) ash, cocoa pod husk ash (CPHA), kola pod husk ash (KPHA), NPK 20:10:10, urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and muriate of potash (MOP) fertilizers on soil properties, nutrients uptake and growth parameters of oil palm seedlings in Ondo, southwestern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from Adeyemi Federal University of Education oil palm plantation. Each of the dried empty palm bunch, kola pod husk and cocoa pod husk was burnt and applied as treatments at the rate of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g 900-g−1 soil while NPK 20:10:10, urea, MOP and CAN fertilizers were individually applied at 2 g 900-g−1 soil. The 16 treatments were replicated four times and arranged in completely randomized design. A 900 g of soil was put in each poly pot and planted with Tenera variety of oil palm and watered with 50 cl water daily. The native soil used for the experiment was deficient in major nutrients and adequate in minor nutrients. Relative to the control, application of 2, 4 and 6 g ash types significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, root length and plant girth. NPK, recorded the highest increase in plant height. Leaf length and root length were highest with the application of 6 g KPHA. Application of 6 g EPBA recorded the highest biomass, dry and wet weight and seedlings moisture content. Kola pod husk ash applied at 6 g plant−1. Empty palm bunch ash applied at 6 g plant−1 and cocoa pod husk ash applied at 4 g plant−1 compared favourably with mineral fertilizers in raising vigorous and healthy oil palm seedlings.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Textile Wastewater using a Mixture of Carbon from Empty Palm Bunch and Carbide Waste as an Adsorbent

Removal of Heavy Metals from Textile Wastewater using a Mixture of Carbon from Empty Palm Bunch and Carbide Waste as an Adsorbent

Antioxidant activity, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) production, and potential for colonization of Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 encapsulated with cellulose microfiber hydrogel from oil palm solid waste during storage

Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 is a probiotic bacterium that improves intestinal and immune systems, positively impacting human health. It produces various bioactive compounds, including bacteriocin, antioxidant enzymes, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and colonizes the human gastrointestinal system. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity (IC50), GABA production, and colonization potential of L. fermentum InaCC B1295 with encapsulation by cellulose microfiber from oil palm solid waste (trunk, frond, leaf, and empty bunches) at room and refrigeration temperature with storage time 0, 14, and 28 days. The strain InaCC B1295 showed a high activity to scavenging ability against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) for the treatment with encapsulation with oil palm empty bunches at refrigeration temperature after storage 14 days, which reached 88.56 ppm. Furthermore, L. fermentum InaCC B1295 produced GABA ranging from 0.435 mg/L to 2.215 mg/L. Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 encapsulated with oil palm leaf produced the most GABA at 0-day storage with a concentration of 2.215 mg/L and decreased during storage for all treatments. L. fermentum InaCC B1295 cells encapsulated in CMF hydrogel from empty oil palm fruit bunches had a lower autoaggregation value than free cells. The cells encapsulated with CMF hydrogel from oil palm empty bunches, on the other hand, had higher coaggregation and hydrophilicity values than the free cells (unencapsulated cells).

Exploration of study objects on the potential of wild mushrooms growing on oil palm empty bunches for learning in the subject of IPAS project at vocational school

The IPAS Project has a study object in the form of concrete objects and social phenomena found in nature, and it is developed based on empirical experience. This study aimed to find out various alternative study objects regarding the potential of wild mushrooms growing on oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) piled at oil palm plantations. The research was descriptive exploratory research. Data were collected through field study, documentation, and literature study. The collected data were analyzed by using thematic analysis from Philip Marrying. The result of the field study found 12 types of wild mushrooms growing on the decayed OPEFBs. Those mushrooms were then identified based on their morphological characteristics. In this study, we found three alternative study objects towards mushrooms growing on OPEFB, which can be developed in the IPAS Project learning: (1) mushroom cultivation using OPEFB waste which includes 4 aspects (living things and their environment, substance, and their changes, earth and space, economic behavior and welfare), (2) morphological characterization for classification of mushroom including 3 aspects (living things and their environment, substance and their changes, social interaction and social dynamics), and (3) detection of chemical compounds present in mushroom, covering 3 aspects (living things and their environment, substance and their changes, economic behavior and welfare).

The effect of dispensing biochar of palm oil empty bunches and palm oil fronds on the population of soil organisms

Palm oil waste can be utilized as biochar. This was aimed to examine the effect of giving biochar empty palm bunches (EPB) and palm fronds (PF) on soil organism populations for 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. This research was conducted at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Bah Jambi unit plantation with Inceptisol soil type. This research used a randomized design of non-factorial groups with treatment without biochar, biochar EPB, and biochar PF. The results showed that the highest population of organisms was found in the PF biochar, followed by biochar EPB the treatment without biochar had the lowest population. The population of bacteria and macro fauna above ground level on treatment with biochar increased from the 2nd to 6th week, and fungi populations decreased on biochar treatments from 2nd to 6th week of observations. The population of subsurface soil macro fauna increased from the 4th to the 8th week on treatment with biochar. Meanwhile, without biochar, the growth of soil organisms didn’t show significant changes. The highest soil respiration was obtained in the EPB biochar treatment, followed by PF biochar and subsequently without biochar treatment. Soil respiration increased every week until the 8th week.

High energy density asymmetric supercapacitors enabled by La-induced defective MnO2 and biomass-derived activated carbon

This study reports a high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor enabled by La-induced defective MnO2 and biomass-derived activated carbon. Our findings reveal that the incorporation of La ions enhances the conductivity of α-MnO2, resulting from a significant increase in lattice defects that provide a greater redox active surface area. In the three-electrode system, the synthesized La-doped MnO2 and activated carbon from empty palm bunches (AC-EPB) achieved a maximum capacity of 202 F g−1 and 178 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, respectively. In the assembled La0.2Mn0.8O2//AC-EPB asymmetric supercapacitor, we achieved an outstanding energy density of 32.8 Wh Kg−1 at a power density of 4500 Wh Kg−1 while maintaining 97.2% of initial capacity after 5,000 cycles. This research provides new insights into the preparation of defective pseudocapacitive materials by rare-earth metal for energy storage applications.

The Effect of Palm Shell and Empty Fruit Bunch Composition Ratio on the Quality of Biopellets for Co-firing

Agricultural waste resources, such as biomass, can be turned into valuable alternative energy sources. Biomass is critical to achieving renewable energy in Indonesia. The usage of renewable energy sources, such as biofuels (BBN), should be increased because the demand for fossil fuel sources is increasing year after year, and these fuels are limited and expensive. Biomass-derived from palm oil industry waste in the form of palm shells and empty palm oil bunches (EFB) is currently not being utilized optimally. Therefore, efforts need to be made to make palm shell waste and EFB more valuable products. The content in palm shells and EFB can potentially be converted into fuel in the form of biopellets, namely palm shells and EFB with a composition ratio of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the ratio of the composition of biomass raw materials on the Quality of Biopellets for Co-firing. The results showed that the composition ratio of 30:70 has a higher calorific value and meets SNI 8951:2020 as co-firing for power plants.

Chemical oxygen demand removal by modified carbon with H2SO4 from oil palm fruit bunches

ABSTRACT The utilisation of biomass to be used as a promising material is essential to reduce environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the effect of adding a modifier to activated carbon from oil palm empty bunches. The material’s efficacy in reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the water environment was also conducted. In this research, the removal of COD was investigated using activated carbon from empty fruit bunches as a adsorbent with modification. The carbon synthesis of activated carbon was done by synthesising oil palm empty fruit bunches at 500 °C with activation using H3PO4 and surface modification with H2SO4. Modifying the activated carbon surface is expected to increase pores and clean the surface to optimise adsorption The activated and modified carbon were characterised using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and BET methods. The FTIR results show the absorption of functional groups indicating the presence of functional groups for C-H, O-H, C-O, C=C and C=O. The Boehm Titration method showed that total acid increased after modification. SEM analysis on samples shows that the sample surface is porous, and the number of pores produced is increasing. The XRD analysis result shows that the material revealed two broad diffractions at degree 2θ corresponding to the faces of porous carbon. The BET result showed that the material had a higher pore volume after the modification of activated carbon. The adsorption of modified carbon was higher than that of activated carbon. The optimum contact time for activated and modified activated carbon is 90 minutes and pH 2. The modified carbon from oil palm fruit bunches can reduce COD in a water environment.

Utilization of Empty Oil Palm Bunch as an Alternative of Organic Fertilizer at PTPN III Labuhanbatu Selatan

The development of the area of ​​oil palm plantations in Indonesia is increasing every year. So many empty palm fruit bunches produced from palm oil mills. Oil Palm Empty Bunches (EFB) is a type of solid waste that is mainly produced by palm oil mills. Empty palm kernels, e.g. Materials with a high water content are only processed in the palm oil industry due to the high cost and inefficiency of transporting and disposing of them. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of empty fruit or palm fronds as an alternative to organic fertilizer at PTPN III Labulasel from previous research. In writing this article, the research article literature search method was used in the Google Scholar database. The criteria for the selected articles are articles published in national magazines in 2018-2023. Library research was carried out by comparing research methods, processing and results of each article. Based on the results of a literature search, it is known that empty bunches or fronds of PTPN III Labusel's oil palm can be used as an alternative organic fertilizer that can be used as plant fertilizer, especially for the oil palm plant itself, and this avoids the accumulation of dirt.

Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties, Production, and Nitrogen Content of Pakcoy in Various Growth Media and Trichoderma Dosages

The use of compost added by Trichoderma is one of improving the soil's chemical properties and can be used to increase the production of pakcoy plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compost derived from various types of palm oil waste and the application of Trichoderma on soil chemical properties as well as production and nitrogen content in pakcoy plants. This study used an experimental method with parameters observing plant fresh weight. The research used two factors. The first factor was three types of palm oil waste, midrib leaf, oil palm empty bunches, and solid decanter. The second factor was the dose of Trichoderma, 50 ml, 100 ml, and 150 ml per plant. Planting media derived from solid decanter was able to intensification the production of pakcoy compared to midrib leaf and oil palm empty bunches.

PERTUMBUHAN LONGKIDA (Nauclea orientalis L) DENGAN PEMBERIAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT(TKKS) PADA REKLAMASI PASCATAMBANG BATUBARA

Oil palm empty bunches can improve fertility and soil nutrient on ex-mining land. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oil palm empty fruit bunches on growth of Longkida (Nuclea orientalist L) on post-mining land. This research was conducted at field for 6 months. The application was done at new plant . A single factor of oil palm empty fruit bunch organized on 4 treatments and 10 replication. The results showed oil palm empty bunches able to increase growth of Longkida . Base on data giving 15 kg of EFB has a significant effect in increasing the growth of longkida which can be seen from stem height growth of 160%, stem diameter growth of 421% and leaf number growth of 489% in 6 months beginning.

Application of Oil Palm Empty Bunch Ash Nanoparticle on Epidermal Cell Thickness and Chlorophyll Content of the Soybean Leaf

The utilization of oil palm empty bunch (OPEB) could be a powerful solution to manage such large volume of wastes produced from the oil palm plantation. Ash created from this waste could be used as soil ameliorant as well as additional agent for liquid fertilizer. Its form in nano size might increase the leaf absorption. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of OPEB ash nanoparticle on epidermal cell thickness and chlorophyll content of soybean leaves. This study was carried out using completely randomized design to examine five levels of OPEB ash nanoparticle concentration, ranging from 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5%. Each concentration was repeated nine times. OPEB ash nanoparticle was applied firstly at 2 weeks-old plants and repeated weekly up to 5 times. Application OPEB ash nanoparticle was performed through foliar spray. The results showed that OPEB ash nanoparticle affect the soybean leaf physiology, particularly the structure and anatomy of its stomata. In addition, application of 0.125% OPEB ash nanoparticle increased the epidermal cell thickness. However, higher concentration of OPEB ash nanoparticle was found to inhibit the chlorophyll formation.