Palliative Psychology Research Articles

Patient concerns and palliative psychology interventions within an inpatient palliative care service

Multi-professional inpatient palliative care services are increasingly complementing palliative care in hospitals alongside palliative care units. The present study aims to investigate the nature and frequency of patient concerns and palliative psychological interventions in the context of palliative psychological work, as well as the perceived quality of outcomes in an inpatient palliative service. Palliative psychological interventions for terminally ill patients at the inpatient palliative care service at Leipzig University Hospital were investigated in a prospective follow-up evaluation study. Psychological distress (distress thermometer) as well as the perceived quality of the results of the palliative psychological support (from the therapist`s perspective) were recorded. Patient concerns and psychological conversation topics and interventions were recorded. Descriptive and regression analytic procedures were used. Over a year, 355 patients in the inpatient palliative care service received psychological support, 304 participated in the study (mean age 63.8 years, 55% male, 89% oncological disease). An average of 3 palliative psychological interviews were conducted; 64% of patients reported high psychological distress (M=6.5). The most common patient concerns and topics within the interviews were dealing with emotions (87%), resources (83%), conflicting care and autonomy issues (77%) and hope (76%); significantly less common were spiritual concerns (2%) or the patient's legacy (9%). The most frequently used palliative psychological interventions included: support in illness processing and acceptance (74%) or in emotional-relieving interventions (98%) as in normalisation (75%), active listening (97%) or emotional containment (95%). Regression analysis showed that an oncological (vs. non-oncological) disease, a high number of palliative psychological interviews and interventions, comprehensive information regarding the palliative dimension of the diagnosis as well as undisturbed contact in the initial interview had a positive effect on the perceived outcome quality. The study results show that palliative psychologists play an important role in inpatient palliative care teams and should be involved as early as possible in the course of the disease. There is a need for improvement, especially in the palliative psychological care of non-oncological patients.

Impact of Teaching Palliative Psychology with Psychodrama and Arts Therapies on Psychology Students in Klagenfurt.

The Erasmus+ project "Death Education for Palliative Psychology" (DE4PP) under the coordination of the University of Padua investigated the effects of teaching palliative psychology with psychodrama and arts therapies, as positive effects on students' attitudes towards life and death were suspected through the use of these forms of treatment. Five countries participated in this project funded by the European Commission (Austria, Israel, Italy, Poland, and Romania). In Klagenfurt (Austria), 34 students from the University of Klagenfurt completed the pilot course entitled "Palliative Psychology" generated by the project partners. Course participants filled out psychological and satisfaction questionnaires at the beginning and end of the course, to measure the impact of teaching palliative psychology with psychodrama and arts therapies. The research involved a control group. In addition, six participants in the course participated in a focus group interview at the end, which included questions about their experience of the course; the impact of arts therapies and psychodrama techniques; experiences of verbal and artistic processing of death anxiety; and the meaning of life and death, representation of death, and associated feelings. The results, in summary, showed that processing of life and death had occurred in the participants due to the course they had completed. As part of the course, creative arts and psychodrama were bridges to death. Filling out satisfaction questionnaires, photovoice assignments, role reversal, and visualizing a personal social atom were seen by students in Klagenfurt as particularly effective methods for self-reflection.

Committing to arts-based palliative and bereavement care: Evaluation of students’ experiences in an online course

Surveys show that only 14% of those in need of palliative care actually receive it. The creative arts therapies can respond to this growing need. The current mixed-methods pilot study was part of a larger European Erasmus+ project entitled Death Education for Palliative Psychology that was conducted from 2019 to 2022 in five countries. This report examined the experiences of 20 creative arts therapies master’s degree students in Israel enrolled in an online course on arts-based palliative and bereavement care. The students who completed the course reported a significantly greater commitment to engaging in a career in palliative and bereavement care than students in the control group. The students considered the course important for their training. The curriculum helped them to communicate end-of-life in both personal and professional situations. The arts provided a bridge for processing death-related issues. The students also reported the challenges they encountered during the course and their thoughts for future directions. Overall, these findings point to a field requiring more investigation that is essential to the training of creative arts therapies students and future therapists.

Interest and Confidence in Death Education and Palliative Psychology in Italian and Indian University Students of Psychology: Similarities and Differences.

Teaching death education and palliative psychology in universities has proven to be of great importance, especially in the health professions. The present study aims to evaluate the similarities and differences in interest and confidence in death education and palliative psychology between university psychology students from two culturally different countries: Italy and India. For this study, 63 Italian and 35 Indian psychology students were recruited to take part in a course on death education and palliative psychology. The results showed the positive impact of a death education and palliative psychology course on the training of professionals. In particular, this course was useful in helping students become familiar with and learn how to manage future professional situations related to death and dying. Specific differences between the two countries also emerged, particularly with regard to their approach to the end-of-life field, due to different cultural contexts. There is still much to be done by institutions to improve the dissemination and academic teaching of this area, which in turn can promote job opportunities for young people and encourage them to work in this field.

Death Education for Palliative Psychology: The Impact of a Death Education Course for Italian University Students.

The present study investigated the effects of a hybrid online course on a group of Italian Master's degree students involved in a European Erasmus+ project. The course was composed of nine modules about death education, palliative psychology and the use of creative arts therapies-such as psychodrama, intermodal psychodrama and photovoice-in the end-of-life-field. The project involved 64 students in the experimental group (who attended the course) and 56 students as the control group. Both groups completed an online questionnaire before and after the delivery of the course and 10 students from the experimental group participated in a focus group at the end of the course. The quantitative analysis revealed that the experimental group students showed lesser levels of perception of death as annihilation, fear of the death and death avoidance, while they increased their levels of death acceptance, creative self-efficacy and attitude toward the care of the dying. Qualitative analysis identified three main themes: the positive impact of the course on death education and end-of-life care; the role of art therapies on death and end-of-life care; and the unhelpful facets of the course. Overall, this intervention changed the perception and the feelings of the students regarding the themes of death and palliative psychology and increased their creative self-efficacy and their interest in working in an end-of-life field.

Priming the Palliative Psychology Pipeline: Development and Evaluation of an Undergraduate Clinical Research Training Program.

Psychology adds value to palliative care research and practice, but palliative psychology training programs are underdeveloped, particularly prior to advanced graduate and post-doctoral training. The investigation aimed to examine the feasibility of developing an undergraduate clinical research training program focused on the application of palliative psychology to cancer care. Analyses described and examined predictors of trainee performance and post-graduate outcomes. Retrospective analyses of administrative data tracking trainee characteristics (degree programs and tracks, qualifications, and demographics), research trainee performance (satisfactory participation, training duration, scientific output, supervisor ratings, and overall performance), and post-graduate degree programs. The population included all undergraduate trainees in a cancer-focused palliative psychology research lab from inception in 2013 through 2020 at a US research-intensive university. Trainees (N = 25) typically majored in psychology (72.0%) or neuroscience (28.0%), often with second majors. The average participation in the lab was 3.4 semesters. Overall, 92.0% of trainees earned a conference abstract, 56.0% earned a publication, and 72.0% went on to a post-graduate degree program, most commonly psychology PhD, MD, or nursing programs. Trainees enrolling in psychology PhD programs were more likely than other trainees to have been on the pre-psychology PhD track (P < .001) and had higher overall research performance (P = .029), including higher supervisor ratings (P = .008) and higher scientific output (P = .019). This demonstration study provides evidence for the feasibility and beneficial impact of an undergraduate palliative psychology clinical research training program as an early component of cancer educational training. Findings support calls for the development and evaluation of novel palliative training programs worldwide.

Students' Confidence and Interest in Palliative and Bereavement Care: A European Study.

As part of a European Erasmus Plus project entitled Death Education for Palliative Psychology, this study assessed the ways in which Master’s Degree students in psychology and the creative arts therapies self-rated their confidence and interest in death education and palliative and bereavement care. In five countries (Austria, Israel, Italy, Poland, Romania), 344 students completed an online questionnaire, and 37 students were interviewed to better understand their views, interest, and confidence. The results revealed some significant differences between countries, and showed that older respondents with previous experience as formal caregivers for end-of-life clients showed greater interest in obtaining practical clinical competence in these fields. A mediation analysis indicated that students’ previous care experiences and past loss experiences were related to students’ current interest in death education and palliative and bereavement care through the mediation of their sense of confidence in this field. The qualitative findings identified five shared themes: life and death, learning about death, the psychological burden, personal experience and robust training, and four key training needs. Overall, students’ interest in studying and working with terminal illness and death are rooted in internal resources, a preliminary sense of confidence, but also external requirements.

A Challenge for Palliative Psychology: Freedom of Choice at the End of Life among the Attitudes of Physicians and Nurses.

This article considers a particular aspect of palliative psychology that is inherent to the needs in the area of attitudes concerning Advance Healthcare Directives (AHDs) among Italian physicians and nurses after the promulgation of Law No. 219/2017 on AHDs and informed consent in 2018. The study utilized a mixed-method approach. The group of participants was composed of 102 healthcare professionals (63 females and 39 males). The quantitative part utilized the following scales: Attitudes toward Euthanasia, the Religious Orientation Scale, the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, and the Testoni Death Representation Scale. The results were mostly in line with the current literature, especially concerning a positive correlation between religiosity and the participants’ rejection of the idea of euthanasia. However, the qualitative results showed both positive and negative attitudes towards AHDs, with four main thematic areas: “Positive aspects of the new law and of AHDs”, “Negative aspects of the new law and of AHDs”, “Changes that occurred in the professional context and critical incidents”, and “Attitudes towards euthanasia requests.” It emerged that there is not any polarization between Catholics or religious people and secularists: Their positions are substantially similar with respect to all aspects, including with regard to euthanasia. The general result is that the law is not sufficiently understood, and so a quarter of the participants associate AHDs with euthanasia. Discussions on the opportunity for palliative psychologists to help health professionals to better manage these issues through death education courses are presented.

Development of a multidisciplinary approach to supportive care for patients with genitourinary cancers.

88 Background: Patients with cancer who engage early with palliative care may experience improved quality of life (QOL), increased overall survival (OS), and decreased acute care utilization. The Neu Center for Supportive Medicine and Cancer Survivorship (NCSMC) at Thomas Jefferson University is a program designed to identify patients who would benefit from early intervention palliative and supportive care and deliver appropriate services. After initial experience with the model in patients with gastrointestinal and head and neck malignancies, the NCSMC is expanding to patients with genitourinary cancers. Methods: A multidisciplinary team consisting of palliative care physicians, social work, psychology, and navigation conducts biopsychosocial screening (using the NCCN Distress Thermometer) and initiates a personalized care plan for each patient to clarify treatment goals and offer assistance. Prior to deploying the program, multiple stakeholders were engaged to discuss optimal screening points in the patient journey. Patients with a new cancer diagnosis are approached at a post-operative visit in the urology clinic; patients with high distress or significant barriers are discussed at a weekly interdisciplinary meeting with a team of physicians, nurses, social workers, and psychiatry. Patients are subsequently referred to services identified as potentially beneficial. Results: In the first 10 weeks of the program, 67 patients with new diagnoses of bladder (28, 41.8%), prostate (21, 31.3%), kidney (12, 17.9%), urothelial (5, 7.5%), and testicular (1, 1.5%) cancers were screened. 38 (59.4%) patients were identified as low distress; 24 patients (36%) were identified as high distress and offered NCSMC services. Two patients utilized services. Conclusions: Distress and barriers to care amongst patients with newly diagnosed genitourinary cancers are highly variable. While evaluating all patients in the immediate post-operative period is effective at identifying affected patients, the process is resource intensive. An iterative approach testing the intervention at different points in the patient journey is ongoing. As the program matures, impact on QOL, OS, and utilization will be measured.

Proactive, multidisciplinary approach to supportive medicine: Improving health outcomes and care utilization.

6537 Background: Evidence suggests that cancer patients who receive palliative care early in their disease have improved quality of life, decreased emergency department (ED) visits, and less aggressive end-of-life care. In 2017, the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson established the Neu Center for Supportive Medicine and Cancer Survivorship (NCSMCS) as a model for integrated care in the outpatient setting for all cancer patients. A multidisciplinary team consisting of palliative care physicians, social work, psychology, and navigation conducts biopsychosocial screening and initiates a personalized care plan for each patient to clarify treatment goals and offer assistance. Objectives: To use biopsychosocial screening at specified time points to identify needs and evaluate the impact of supportive care as part of standardized oncology care regardless of stage. Methods: This assessment utilized Oncology Care Model (OCM) data for Jefferson Medicare patients between 7/1/16 to 7/31/18. Incidence of ED admits ED/Observation and admissions were evaluated as well as ICU utilization and advanced care planning. Poisson regression was used to generate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to facilitate the comparison of post- vs. pre- incidence rates of hospitalization. Results: The post-intervention hospital admissions decreased by 31% in NCSMCS (IRR 0.69; 95% CI 0.48-0.98) and by 10% in Non-NCSMCS (IRR 0.90; 0.84-0.96) and advanced care plans were more likely to be on file for NCSMCS (9.0% vs. 4.9%). The intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were decreased by 17% among Non-NCSMCS (IRR 0.83; 95% CI 0.74-0.93). The utilization rates for ED admissions were not statistically different among both the groups. Conclusions: The preliminary data is promising and impact will be monitored as the intervention is expanded. Reducing admissions has benefits from both a cost savings as well as quality of life perspective. Future analyses will consider the impact of the intervention on a patient’s quality of life.

Palliative Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on an Emerging Specialty. E. AlessandraStrada. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 320 pp. $60.00 paperback, $47.89 E‐book

Psycho-OncologyVolume 28, Issue 1 p. 206-207 BOOK REVIEW Palliative Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on an Emerging Specialty. E. Alessandra Strada. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 320 pp. $60.00 paperback, $47.89 E-book Cristiane Decat Bergerot PhD, Corresponding Author Cristiane Decat Bergerot PhD cbergerot@coh.org orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-0303 Correspondence Cristiane Decat Bergerot, PhD, Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010. Email: cbergerot@coh.org; crisbergerot@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this author Cristiane Decat Bergerot PhD, Corresponding Author Cristiane Decat Bergerot PhD cbergerot@coh.org orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-0303 Correspondence Cristiane Decat Bergerot, PhD, Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010. Email: cbergerot@coh.org; crisbergerot@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 November 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4921Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume28, Issue1January 2019Pages 206-207 RelatedInformation

Life Program: Pilot Testing a Palliative Psychology Group Intervention.

Psychosocial interventions for palliative care populations, individuals with life-limiting illness, improve distress; however, less is known about these interventions among military Veterans. This quality improvement project evaluated a palliative psychology group intervention to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress among Veterans with advanced life-limiting illness. Veterans receiving palliative care at a mid-Atlantic VA healthcare system were referred by a mental health provider. The group intervention was delivered face-to-face in six to eight weekly sessions, with groups of four to eight participants. The intervention (Life Program), was a hybrid of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy that targeted: personal values, mindfulness, and psychological flexibility. A single-arm pre-post-test design was used to assess depression, anxiety, and stress, and satisfaction with the intervention. Seventy-five percent (39/52) of all Veterans who were contacted expressed interest and agreed to participate. Seventeen of 39 enrolled Veterans completed all sessions. The mean age of participants who completed the program was 63.06 (standard deviation = 8.47). Most participants were male (88%), Caucasian (58%), and had a cancer diagnosis (65%). Mean pre-post reductions in depression (18.82 vs. 13.20), anxiety (16.59 vs. 14.59), stress (19.18 vs. 13.88), and psychological inflexibility were observed. Mean differences in symptom severity were clinically meaningful. Barriers to feasibility included transportation issues and illness burden. Veterans who completed all sessions of a palliative psychology group intervention had reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. Estimates of the treatment effects may be inflated using completer data alone. Further research is needed to inform ways to improve program engagement and adherence and examine efficacy in Veterans with advanced life-limiting illness.

Life Program: Pilot of a Palliative Psychology Group Intervention (FR461D)

Life Program: Pilot of a Palliative Psychology Group Intervention (FR461D)

Vom spirituellen Auftrag der Palliativpsychologie

As a clinical-psychological area of application at the end of life, palliative psychology has a spiritual task. A spiritual-psychological framework model for working with patients is presented. The model leans on a figurative language. Therefore, it can be applied in different clinical-psychological and psychotherapeutic contexts. A case study illustrates the practical application.

Euthanasia and palliative psychology in end-of-life care

Like many other disciplines, psychology has made a number of contributions to the continuing debate on voluntary euthanasia. The present paper describes a number of aspects of palliative care practice and argues that (a) good palliative care should consider the issue of euthanasia (b) psychologists have much to contribute to the consideration of euthanasia, for example in clarifying issues of autonomy; and (c) there is potential for a “palliative psychology” that could be of value in end-of-life care. Finally, consideration is given to the relationship between euthanasia and the society of which it is a part.