Palestinian Theology Of Liberation Research Articles

TEOLOGI PEMBEBASAN PALESTINA

The Theology of Liberation in Palestine has become a phenomenon influencing the dynamics of religion, politics, and identity in Palestine and worldwide. This paper analyzes the connection between Palestinian Liberation Theology and Latin American Liberation Theology, as well as its influence on the perception and participation of Christians in the Palestinian liberation movement. The research method employed is a literature review, focusing on relevant literature search, selection, content analysis, comparison, and critical evaluation. The research findings indicate that Palestinian Liberation Theology shares the same roots as Latin American Liberation Theology, focusing on liberation from oppressive structures and restoring dignity to the oppressed. This theology has strengthened the identity of Palestinian Christians and fostered ecumenical cooperation, motivating them to engage politically in the struggle for Palestinian independence. Practical support from global Christians is reflected in concrete actions and social activities, such as support for the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions movement against Israel. Palestinian Liberation Theology has been a source of inspiration and strength for Christians in Palestine and worldwide to advocate for justice and promote sustainable peace in the region.

Call and Commitment: A Journey of Faith from Nakba to Palestinian Liberation Theology, written by Naim Ateek

Call and Commitment: A Journey of Faith from Nakba to Palestinian Liberation Theology, written by Naim Ateek

Challenges to Traditional Understandings of Christology

ABSTRACT The long-studied theological concept of Christology is re-examined. Two new books have been published and are reviewed. The first draws on South American Liberation Theology and argues that any new developments in understandings of Christology must originate from reflective listening to the ways in which poor people and communities approach the biblical text. The second book develops issues first raised at the Girton Conference of 1921 organised by what was then called the Modern Churchman’s Union. After debating Christology in Liberal Theology then and now, it draws on feminist theology, Hindu and Buddhist theology and Palestinian Liberation Theology. Arguments pursued concern a no longer “white” Jesus, colonialism and imperialism and the ways in which the powerful have used Christianity as a controlling and unifying force for their own ends. Traditional understandings of Christology are compared with these new contributions.

Naim Stifan Ateek's Palestinian Liberation Theology for The Israel-Palestine Conflict

Naim Stifan Ateek's Palestinian Liberation Theology for The Israel-Palestine Conflict

Zionism and Contemporary Christianity in the Public Square

ABSTRACT This essay brings together observations regarding the struggle over the Holy Land in the context of Saul Friedländer’s interests in Zionism, the role of memory in history, and the Holocaust. History and collective memory remain fundamental to the way claims have been made to the Holy Land. Jewish control over Mandatory Palestine has often been challenged in established monotheistic theology, particularly Christian supersessionism. Like other nationalisms, Zionism is supported by historical narratives framed in secular terms. Thus, arguments that support a Jewish state and those that deny its legitimacy have recourse to historical narratives. With the disposition of the Ottoman Empire largely determined by the Christian West, European antisemitism and the Holocaust proved of singular importance in the ongoing theological and ideological arguments for establishing a secure refuge for Jews. Moreover, the essay demonstrates that these discourses are not necessarily separate, but rather often overlap and complement one another. In the course of this examination, the essay references selected strands of contemporary Christianity: Catholicism, Evangelicalism, Mainline Protestantism, and Palestinian Liberation Theology. While accounting for antisemitism and the Holocaust once seemed to promise change in some established dogmas, it remains to be seen how significantly and permanently it has occasioned the hoped-for reevaluation of the Jews’ role in history given the extent and depth of supersessionist thought when also supported by ostensibly secular political categories.

Decolonising Palestinian Liberation Theology: New Methods, Sources and Voices

With the rise of decoloniality in scholarship, contextual theologians have attempted to critically evaluate theology and its Eurocentric epistemological assumptions. Such an attempt has yet to be seriously embarked upon regarding Palestinian Liberation Theology (PLT). Since its academic inception, PLT has been predominantly articulated by two Protestant theologians: Naim Ateek and Mitri Raheb. Although these important theologians are the pioneers of PLT, Ateek and Raheb rely on white-Western theological methods, sources and assumptions. Moreover, the two thinkers primarily target a Western audience, which makes their theology less applicable and relevant to Palestinians. As such, PLT has yet to fundamentally reflect on the many Palestinian sources and methods for constructing an indigenous Palestinian theology. Consequently, this article seeks to indigenise PLT. After examining the coloniality within the work of Ateek and Raheb, the article will argue for new methods and sources for developing PLT. This will include: (1) traditional and local Palestinian Christian practices from the Orthodox tradition and (2) concepts within Palestinian popular resistance and consciousness against settler colonialism. These new methods and sources compensate for some of the limitations PLT currently holds and erode its existing Eurocentric epistemological assumptions. This article is intended to function as a self-critical endeavour on our own Christian theology of liberation in Palestine and invites other Palestinian and Arab theologians to dialogically develop our theologies in a decolonial and intersectional manner.

Book Review: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict

Book Review: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict

Israel and Zionism in the Eyes of Palestinian Christian Theologians

Christian activism in the Arab–Israeli conflict and theological reflections on the Middle East have evolved around Palestinian liberation theology as a theological–political doctrine that scrutinizes Zionism, the existence of Israel and its policies, developing a biblical hermeneutics that reverses the biblical narrative, in order to portray Israel as a wicked regime that operates in the name of a fallacious primitive god and that uses false interpretations of the scriptures. This article analyzes the theological political–theological views applied to the Arab–Israeli conflict developed by Geries Khoury, Naim Ateek, and Mitri Raheb—three influential authors and activists in different Christians denominations. Besides opposing Zionism and providing arguments for the boycott of Israel, such conceptualizations go far beyond the conflict, providing theological grounds for the denial of Jewish statehood echoing old anti-Jewish accusations.

Naim Stifan Ateek. A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestinian Conflict

No abstract is available.

A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict by Naim Stifan Ateek

Reviewed by: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict by Naim Stifan Ateek Lilian Calles Barger Naim Stifan Ateek, A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2017. Pp. 172. $20.00, paper. Ateek offers a concise history of the Palestine-Israel conflict and a response in Jesus Christ as the liberator of the oppressed. His intervention is a theology of political and social inclusion based on the ethic of love. Ateek places God’s action against unjust political and social structures on behalf of the oppressed at the center. The theology is rooted in the context and lived experience of all Palestinians and the challenge of Christians who feel abandoned by Western Christians. There is a welcome outlining of the key historical moments that have shaped Palestinian multireligious, multiethnic culture. The key defining event is the Nakba, the 1948 catastrophe in which indigenous people were dispossessed of their lands and homes in the establishment of the modern state of Israel through the intervention of Western powers, including the United States. In the shadow of the Nakba, Palestine’s Christians experienced an identity and faith crisis. As with other liberation theologies, Ateek’s hermeneutics is based on the justice tradition of the Hebrew Bible prophets. He finds two competing traditions. The first is that of a vengeful tribal God who is exclusively for Israel and against all others, as represented by the Torah and Nehemiah—a tradition that has fueled recalcitrant attitudes against Palestinians. The second is an inclusive God that seeks to bring all of the world’s people under the canopy of divine protection and care, as expressed by Ezekiel and Jonah. He points to Jesus as the culmination of an ever-widening inclusion of all people in the circle of love for neighbor. The last part of the book provides an outline of possible political solutions and a survey of people and groups who are working on behalf of Palestinians. [End Page 289] While offering practical information for those who want to pursue this issue further, Ateek’s confidence in international law and appeals to human rights as a means to achieve Palestinian goals remains insufficiently examined. Nevertheless, the book is a valuable contribution for a pastoral and lay understanding of an international problem that remains unresolved. Lilian Calles Barger Taos, NM Copyright © 2019 Journal of Ecumenical Studies

Book Review: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine–Israel Conflict By Naim Stifan Ateek

Book Review: <i>A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine–Israel Conflict</i> By Naim Stifan Ateek

Naim Stifan Ateek, A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict

Naim Stifan Ateek, A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict

A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict by Naim Stifan Ateek

A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict by Naim Stifan Ateek

A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict

A Palestinian Theology of Liberation: The Bible, Justice, and the Palestine-Israel Conflict

Palestinian Liberation Theology: Creative Resistance to Occupation

The ongoing Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories has widely affected the Christian population in the region. This study focuses narrowly on the diminishing minority of Palestinian Christians, and how their position under occupation has led to the development of Palestinian Liberation Theology and practices of creative resistance. It begins by acknowledging the unique position of Palestinian Christians as liminal yet indigenous members of society. It then explores their complex collective identity, demonstrating how specific facets of their historic identity (i.e. denominationalism, Arabism, and political station) have been preserved, and how these inform their theological and practical responses to the changing socio-political landscape. It goes on to probe the degree of consensus around Palestinian Liberation Theology, as well as prominent manifestations of the ideology in response to occupation. Ultimately, this study finds that Palestinian Liberation Theology represents a creative and valuable contribution to the national struggle for liberation, providing a shared ideology and culturally specific blueprint for revolutionary collective action guided by plurality, nonviolence, and collaboration.

The Cry of the Forgotten Stones

Based on extensive archival work, this essay assesses the contribution of a Palestinian liberation theology (PLT) to a comprehensive view of peacebuilding that involves not only liberation from oppressive occupation but also a holistic vision and strategy for attaining just societal structures. Emerging out of the victim's viewpoint, a PLT is consistent with a multiperspectival approach to justice. It articulates a call for a holistic transformation of the interrelations between Jews and Palestinians, envisioning a just peace that must entail a re-framing of geopolitical structures as well as ideological discourses that vindicate systemic and symbolic violence against the Palestinians. However, the author shows that a PLT is asymmetrical: while it challenges the theopolitical affinities between Christian and Jewish Zionists and the structural injustices and social mechanisms they endorse, it refrains from contesting the symbolic boundaries of a Palestinian national identity. This bears important implications for the broader debate concerning the role of religion in peacebuilding. The author argues that the limits of a PLT as a peacebuilding framework relate to its conceptual reliance on an unreconstructed secularist interpretation of a future Palestinian state and on its elective affinity with a supersessionist and theological orientation that, by definition, hermeneutically de-Zionizes the Bible and its interpretations.

Theologies of Liberation in Latin America and Palestine-Israel in Comparative Perspective: Contextual Differences and Practical Similarities

This article concerns the development of a theology of Christian liberation and contextual polity from its early origins in Latin America to one of its present manifestations as part of the Palestinian people's struggle for justice and freedom from the state of Israel. This article will be primarily dedicated to a historical and political analysis of the theological context, which includes three different strands. First, there was the development of theologies of liberation, as they are made manifest in Latin America and elsewhere. Next, there was the theology of other Palestinian Christians, and particularly that of the Al-Liqa group that contributed to the development of a contextual Palestinian theology of liberation within the ‘occupied’ context that is Palestine today. And finally there was the case of Palestinian Protestant Christian theologians such as the Rev. Dr Naim Ateek and the Rev. Dr Mitri Raheb who have raised definitional issues regarding liberation theology and Palestinian contextual Christianity.

Palestinian liberation theology, Muslim–Christian relations and the Arab–Israeli conflict

This article offers an investigation of the history and intellectual development of Palestinian liberation theology. It focuses in particular on the ways in which the movement's founding writers both made use of and departed from the Latin American model to produce a new theology firmly grounded in specific, local historical and political conditions; the importance of the first intifada for the genesis of this new Palestinian version of liberation theology; and the effort by Palestinian liberation theologians to recast the relationship between Christianity and Islam in the modern Israeli/Palestinian context. It argues that Palestinian liberation theology has become an important intellectual movement among Palestinian Christian elites who seek to convince both Western Christians and Middle Eastern Muslims of a Christian theological justification for a political solution to the Palestinian plight.

Palestinian Protestant Theological Responses to a World Marked by Violence

Katanacho introduces major Palestinian Protestant responses to violence, grouping them into four response categories: biographies, apologies, Liberation theology, and Reconciliation theologies. Each category is described with a helpful critique. First, several pastors tell their stories, explaining their Christian faith in light of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Second, some theologians engage Islam or Zionism. Third, Palestinian Liberation theology is explained through the works of Naim Ateek, Mitri Raheb, and others. Fourth, Katanacho unpacks two kinds of reconciliation theologies: Sulha and Musalaha. The former focuses on Christian-Muslim relations and the latter concentrates on the relationships between Messianic Jews and Palestinian Christians.

WHERE ARE THEY NOW?

Justice and Only Justice: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation, Nairn S. Ateek