Palatine Rugae Research Articles

PEWARISAN RUGAE PALATINA ORANGTUA PADA ANAK SEBAGAI SARANA IDENTIFIKASI ODONTOLOGI FORENSIK PADA ETNIS BANJAR

Background: Rugae palatine is a forensic organ that can survive and not be altered by any trauma such as from burns. Rugae palatina is one of the organs in the oral cavity that is unique in that there is no same pattern between individuals. This pattern also has peculiarities between individuals and gender. Palatine rugae can also be inherited from parents to children. Purpose: To analyze the inheritance of palatine rugae from parents to children in Banjar Ethnicity. Method: The method used in this research is analytic research with cross sectional method. This study was conducted on 32 families or 96 people whose number of students was divided into 16 men and 16 women. This study was conducted with photographic techniques using fullframe cameras and lenses, occlusal mirrors, LED lights. The results of photography are carried out in the editing stage in the photoshop application with the pentool feature. The data obtained and analyzed using the contingency coefficient correlation test. Results: The results showed a correlation in palatal rugae patterns. The father-offspring and mother-offspring contingency coefficient scores (0.708, 0.760) respectively which indicated a strong correlation in shape patterns between offspring and their parents. These correlations were statistically significant (p value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There is a strong and significant inheritance of palatine rugae between father and mother in children. Fathers and mothers have an equal chance of inheriting palatine rugae.Keywords : Banjar Tribe, Forensics, Inheritance, Palatine Rugae, Personal Identification.

A comparison of rugae pattern in males and females as a samples of Iraqi population

The palatine rugae are irregular fibrous connective tissue ridges located in the anterior third of hard palate that extends bilaterally from the midline behind the incisive papilla. Rugae patterns play a role as positive identification of individuals in suspected cases in forensic dentistry. The aim of the present study is to identify and compare the rugae pattern in a sample of Iraqi population. Materials and method: 120 samples of maxillary casts were selected for 60 males and 60 females their ages ranging between (22-35) years old by using Thomas & Kotze classification for assessment rugae patterns. As a result of this study shows that rugae patterns has a unique individual imprint, differ in the number, symmetry between right and left sides, shape of rugae lines for each person with no significant differences for both sexes. This work conclude that rugae patterns can be used as additional method for identification as a personal print, and considered a characteristic to discriminate between individuals.

Caracterizacion morfológica del paladar duro en los gatos Tabby

The aim of this study was to carry out the morphological characterization of the Tabby cat’s hard palate by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to gross and morphometric analysis. A total of 20 Tabby cat heads used. The materials was provided from the Balıkesir Metropolitan Municipality Street Animals Temporary Nursing Home and Rehabilitation Center, Balıkesir, Turkey. Adult, regardless of gender difference, died from variety of reasons and 20 Tabby cat cadavers which weigh approximately 3–4 kg were brought to the laboratory in accordance with the procedure. Hard palates were subjected to gross examination, morphometric analysis, light and SEM.The Tabby cats hard palate was split up rostral and caudal parts and incisive papilla (papilla incisive), rugae palatine and with a gutter between them, the presence of palatine raphe and secondary rugae palatine were observed. The rostral and caudal parts of the hard palate were determined to have a smooth appearance with SEM 540X magnification and the presence of epithelial desquamations was found out. It was determined that the rostral and caudal part of the Tabby cat’s hard palate had a honeycomb appearance of the microplicae of the 3000X magnification hard palate epithelium with SEM. Round islets were detected with the SEM at the magnification of 600X of the incisive papilla, the 270X of the rostral–caudal parts and the 44X of the gutter between the palatine rugae. These adaptations of the Tabby cat’s hard palate might increase its efficiency during ingestion and mastication of hard food and in directing the food backward. The study shows the detailed anatomical description of the hard palate of the Tabby cat with light and SEM.

ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RUGOSCOPY AND CHEILOSCOPY IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN CENTRAL INDIA

Introduction: Rugoscopy is the examination of palatal rugae patterns, whereas cheiloscopy is the forensic investigation technique for examining lip impressions. The palatine rugae and lip impressions are distinguishing anatomical characteristics that are specific to every person and can be utilised effectively for human identification.
 Aim: The purpose of this investigation is to establish a relationship between rugoscopic and cheiloscopic patterns in minors.
 Materials and methods: A descriptive involving 100 subjects aged 5 to 15 years was conducted. Rugae patterns and lip impressions were analysed and recorded. The Lysell classification (1955) and the Thomas and Kotze classification (1983) evaluate rugoscopic patterns based on their length and their shape and cohesion, respectively. Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification was used to assess cheiloscopic patterns. The research was conducted for one month, and SPSS version 23.0 was used for analysis.
 Results: In both sexes, the predominant palatal rugae patterns were undulating, followed by curved, and then straight. Males had Type V dominant, followed by Type IV, while females had Type I' dominant, followed by Type I.
 Conclusion: Cheiloscopy is a more reliable tool than rugoscopy for human identification in the field of forensic science, as shown by our study's conclusion that rugoscopy yielded similar results but cheiloscopy yielded distinct results.
 

Classification of Gender Individual Identification Using Local Binary Pattern on Palatine Rugae Image

Major disasters caused many casualties with the condition of the damaged bodies. It causes the individual identification process to be ineffective through biometric characteristics (such as lips and fingerprints). However, the palatine rugae can carry the individual identification process. Palatine rugae have unique and individual characteristics and are more resistant to trauma because of their internal location. In this study, an individual identification system is proposed to identify gender using the image of palatine rugae. The proposed system is developed by several algorithms and methods, such as Local Binary Pattern (LBP) as the feature extraction method and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) as the classification method. Based on the result of the system performed test, the proposed system can identify the gender of an individual by the combination of recognized palatine rugae patterns. The system achieved an accuracy test result of 100% with a specific configuration of LBP and KNN. The research contribution in this study is to develop the individual gender identification system, which proceeds with the palatine rugae pattern image with unique biometric characteristics as an input. The system applied several methods and algorithms, such as Geometric Active Contour (GAC) as a segmentation algorithm, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) as a feature extraction method, and K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) as a classification method.

Intermittent vibratory stimulation to accelerate tooth movement: A clinical study

Vibratory stimulus is non-invasive and non-pharmacologic method for acceleration of Orthodontic tooth movement in adult patients. As powered toothbrush can provide cheaper alternative to Acceledent (a patent and expensive device) it was decided to evaluate the effectiveness of vibratory stimulation from powered toothbrush as a method of accelerating individual canine retraction.Sample consisted of 24 patients undergoing fixed Orthodontic treatment, in whom separate canine retraction was planned after extraction of all first premolars using NiTi closed coil spring. Force was standardized as 150 grams and checked at each appointment using Dontrix gauge. Following split mouth study design, right side was the experimental side where patients were asked to apply the vibratory stimulus through powered tooth brush (133Hz frequency) for 6 minutes (3 minutes labially and 3 minutes palatally) three times daily at regular intervals for a period of 3 months. Study models were taken at T0 (start of canine retraction), T1 (after 1st month), T2 (after 2nd month) and T3 (after 3rd month). Mean amount of canine movement and molar movement with respect to 3rd palatine rugae was measured on Digimizer software on both the sides for different time intervals.Statistically significant increase in canine movement was seen for total canine movement (T0-T3), movement from T0-T1 and from T2-T3. There was statistically insignificant difference in mesial movement of molars for different time intervals.There was an increased rate of canine movement on the side of vibratory stimulation (right side) in comparison to the control side (left side) for all time intervals and can be used to decrease treatment time in adults.

Scanning electron microscopy of the palatine mucosa with connective tissue papillae of the Egyptian red fox (Vulpes vulpes aegyptiaca, Linnaeus, 1758).

The present study investigated the morphological, as well as the histological features of the Egyptian red fox's palate, in addition to the three-dimensional characteristics of the connective tissue papillae (CTP) of the palate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hard palate was narrow rostrally and its width increased caudally. The maximum width was located at the caudal border of the upper fourth premolar tooth. The incisive papilla was represented by a rounded median elevation surrounded on each side by a groove on which the oral openings of the incisive ducts opened. The rostral part of the hard palate had 9-10 caudally concave transverse palatine ridges while the caudal part appeared smooth without ridges. The palatine raphe was indistinct rostrally but formed a groove caudally. By SEM, the palatine ridges had low projections. Different microplicae systems were present on the epithelial surface of the incisive papilla, palatine rugae, interrugal areas, and the smooth part. The CTP of the incisive papilla, palatine ridges, and soft palate were conical-shaped, cylindrical-shaped, and parallel serrated ridges, respectively. Histologically, the hard palate was lined by a cornified stratified squamous epithelium resting on a dense connective layer of lamina propria while the soft palate was lined by a noncornified stratified squamous epithelium. The palatine salivary glands were present in the smooth part of the hard palate and the soft palate. The information presented in the current study might serve as a reference guide for the interpretation of pathological conditions of the palate of red fox.

Tooth agenesia might be associated with palatine rugae pattern in a tooth Brazilians population

Tooth and palate development share several molecules during their formation, which could explain some recent studies suggesting that tooth agenesis is associated with palatine rugae pattern. Therefore, the purpose of the se cross sectional study was to investigate the association between palatine rugae phenotypes and tooth agenesis in Brazilian patients. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 83 records from orthodontic patients were evaluated. Tooth agenesis cases were diagnosed by evaluation of panoramic radiographs and by anamnesis. The casts and intraoral occlusal photography of each patient were used to evaluated the palatine rugae according to length, shape, direction and unification. All analyses were performed by the same calibrated examiner. All tests were performed with an established alpha of 0.05 (P ≤ .05). Odds ratio calculations and chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used in the statistical analysis. A total of 17 (20.7%) patients with tooth agenesis was observed. The predominant shape of rugae was wavy (66.3%). The absence of secondary or fragmentary rugae was associated with tooth agenesis (p = 0.047; Odds ratio=3.00, Confidence Interval 95%=1.03-9.53). In conclusion, patients with tooth agenesis present a different palatine rugae pattern. The absence of secondary or fragmentary rugae was associated with isolated tooth agenesis in the population studied.

Comparitive analysis of palatal rugae in tribal and urban population of Madhya Pradesh

Human identification is a major task undertaken in forensic sciences. The study of palatine rugae and the study of fingerprints are sometimes complementary and based on same scientific basis.The palatal rugae patterns are unique to every individual and are protected by the lips, buccal pad of fat and teeth. This study was conducted to examine shape and pattern of palatal rugae between tribal population and urban population of M.P state. : The study sample consisted of 60 subjects, 30 each from tribal(Gond) and urban population of Madhya Pradesh, in the age group ranging from 18 to 25 yrs. The impression of maxillary arch was obtained from each subject using alginate impression material and cast were made. The rugae were delineated on the cast using a sharp graphite pencil under adequate light and magnification and recorded according to classification given by Thomas and Kotze (1983). : After analyzing the rugae patterns in both the groups and between the 2 sides of the palate, the wavy pattern was found to be predominant followed by curved, straight, unification, circular, and nonspecific in decreasing order in the overall population. There was an obvious difference between the Rugae shapes in tribal (gonds) and urban population of Bhopal city. No significant difference in number of rugae between right and left sides between the primary and secondary rugae patterns were observed. : The pattern of rugae was seen different in these ethnic groups. In the present study, significant difference exists between the rugae patterns in tribals and urban population of M.P.

Association of Morphological Characteristics of Palatal Rugae Pattern with Dental Malocclusion in Himachal Population

Introduction: Palatal rugae used for the evaluation of dental movements and as a landmark in the superimposition of dental cast for orthodontic purpose as it is a stable point. So, the aims and objectives of our study is to investigate the association of morphological characteristics of palatal rugae with dental malocclusion in Himachali population. Materials and methods: 90 subjects divided into three groups (n=30 each) on the basis of Angle’s classification. Palatal rugae were marked on dental casts and evaluated for length, pattern and orientation. Obtained measurements were then statistically analysed. Conclusion: Primary palatal rugae’s length was found more in Class II followed by Class III and Class I malocclusion. Among the pattern of the primary palatal rugae, curved pattern were more evident on both right and left sides of all malocclusion groups. Horizontal directed orientation is more predominant on the right side and posteriorly directed on the left side of the first primary palatine rugae. Keywords: Rugae, Malocclusion, orientation pattern, length, morphology.

English

BACKGROUND Palatine rugae are small transverse structures present in the anterior 2 / 3rd of the palate. These rugae are protected by various structures of the oral cavity. They are immovable structures but variations in the oral cavity may lead to alterations in these small structures. There have been many studies that have quoted changes in these rugae patterns with various tooth movements whereas various other studies demonstrate no significant changes. None of the studies in specific have mentioned about palatal rugae changes with myofunctional appliances. The objective of this research was to evaluate the palatal rugae morphology and its stability after myofunctional therapy, as expansion and movement of teeth might lead to changes in these rugae. METHODS A total of 90 maxillary casts, 30 of Class I, 30 of Class II pre-treatment and casts of same subjects after myofunctional therapy, patients age ranging between 10 and 13 years were selected for the study. Length, intermedial and interlateral distances, angle of divergence and position of rugae were studied based on Lysell Classification 1955 and Thomas and Kotze Classification 1983. RESULTS Secondary and fragmentary rugae were found to be statistically significant as they were increased in Class II samples compared to Class I. The rugae in Class II samples were found to be shorter and therefore significant results were seen. IM1, IM2, IM4, IM5 and IM6 were found to be statistically significant respectively. Similarly, IL2, IL4, IL5 and IL6 were appreciable. IM1 was found to be appreciable. IL1, IL2, IL3 and IL4 were statistically significant. Significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment groups. Statistically significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment group. Incisive papilla to posterior border of last rugae (IP-PBA) was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Myofunctional therapy did have an effect on the rugae pattern. But the age group of 10 – 13 years consisted of growing individuals. Therefore, it could not be concluded as to whether the changes were because of growth taking place or because of myofunctional therapy. KEY WORDS Palatine Rugae, Myofunctional Appliances, Class II Malocclusion

Articulatory Evaluation Of Lingua Palatal Sounds In Denture Wearers – Pre And Post Comparison

Speech is an autonomous and unconscious activity. Its production involves a combination of phonation and articulation. Thus the aim of the study is to evaluate and compare linguo palatal sounds /ţ/, /d/, /tᶴ^/and /ᶴ^/ in three different groups like Group A individual with conventional complete dentures without palatine rugae, group B individual with conventional complete dentures with palatine rugae and Group C normal dentition individuals. A total of 20 individuals completely edentulous were selected in the age range of 50 to 65 years for the study. Control group consisted of10 individuals, with complete natural dentition in the same age group.4 Linguo-palatal phonemes in Kannada like /ţ/, /d/, /tᶴ^/and /ᶴ^/ were considered for the study and the target phonemes were identified in the initial and medial position of words of Kannada Articulation Test. The speech samples with target phonemes were analysed perceptually and acoustically by SLP software. Spectral parameters and temporal parameters were better in with palatal rugae denture than compared to without palatal rugae. Perceptual analysis reports showed many substitution errors with a conventional denture. To summarize, with customized rugae denture speech was clearer. To conclude, speech characteristic will be better after denture insertion compared to the edentulous stage.

Morphology of the lips, cheeks, and the hard palate of the Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): a focus on histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural aspects.

The available data is scanty about Egyptian water buffalo lips, cheeks, and palate. The current investigation was focused on describing the morphology of the lip, cheek, and palate. Our study included the gross, light, and electron microscopic examinations of ten heads of the Egyptian water buffalos. The nasolabial plate surface carried numerous scales of keratinized epithelium. Internal labial surface and labial mucocutaneous junctions were covered with stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Two types of hair follicles in the dermis included ordinary and cavernous types characterized by cavernous space. The conical papillae on the internal aspect of the oral commissure were projected from the mucous membrane. Seromucous glands were occasionally observed under the oral mucous membrane of the commissure and gave positive PAS and AB. Conical papillae density on the inner cheek surface had some variations: the rostral part had large papillae, while the dorsal part had numerous papillae than the ventral part, the caudal part had a smaller number of papillae, while the middle part was devoid of papillae. Parotid duct opening in the buccal vestibule was without papillae. Conical papillae had two surfaces; the rostral surface was highly keratinized than the caudal one. The buccal gland was a compound tubuloacinar mixed (mucoserous) gland and mucus acini only reacted to PAS and AB. The oral surface of palatine rugae was covered with highly keratinized epithelium than the aboral surface. Palatine glands showed PAS and AB positive. The result describes the relationship between the available food particles, environmental conditions and the lip, cheek, and palate appearance, and structure.

Pola Rugae Palatina pada Populasi Osing

This study aims to describe the palatal rugae pattern based on the Kapali classification in the Osing population. The research method used in this research is descriptive observational. The results showed that the simple frequency distribution of the palatine rugae pattern in the Osing population was 45.6% curved, 28.3% wavy, 8.7% circular, and 17.4% straight. In conclusion, the variation in the palatine rugae based on the Kapali classification can be shown from this study's results on the Osing population.
 
 Keywords: Kapali Classification, Forensic Odontology, Osing Population, Rugae Palatina

Profound approach to check legitimacy of an old technique used to gauge palatal rugae.

The present study aimed at assessing two fixed points of reference from where the mesial and distal point of all rugae can be measured so that the exact movement of particular rugae in any direction can be evaluated and assessing the changes in the palatal rugae after orthodontic treatment. A longitudinal study conducted among a sample of 20 (8 male and 12 female) adult patients. Pre- and post-orthodontic treatment casts of patients were obtained from the Department of Orthodontics College of Dentistry Jazan University. Antero-posterior linear distances (Technique I) between medial and lateral points of primary, secondary and tertiary rugae were measured. Also, the transverse linear distance (Technique II) between medial and lateral points of right and left rugae were measured. Technique III involved marking two fixed points and using these two points a third point is located on the medial or lateral end of rugae of right and left side in pre and post-treatment orthodontic casts. The independent sample t-test was employed to compare gender. Difference between the pre- and post-treatment mean values were checked by the paired t-test. Technique III successfully showed the statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05, 95% CI) in the overall pre and post-treatment values on the patients' cast (N = 20) which was not observed with a technique I and technique II. The triangle created by the three reference points in the technique III was able to identify the changes in the palatine rugae more precisely than the technique I and Technique II.

The Influence of Palatine Rugae Duplication on Speech Quality of Complete Denture Wearers

The Influence of Palatine Rugae Duplication on Speech Quality of Complete Denture Wearers

Lingual function in children with anterior open bite: A case-control study

To determine the association between the position of the tongue and phonation among individuals with normal vertical overbite (NVO) and anterior open bite (AOB). This was a case-control study of 132 students with AOB and 132 controls with NVO between the ages of 8 and 16years old. The presence of AOB was determined during a clinical examination using a Boley gauge, phonation (speech) was assessed with an articulation test, which was analysed using a classification table of Spanish consonants spoken in Colombia, and tongue contact during swallowing was determined with the Payne test. Associations were determined between AOB and the position of the tongue upon swallowing and during speech (Chi2 test of independence, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitey U test, P<0.005). Finally, a logistic regression model was performed, with AOB as the dependent variable. We found associations between AOB and the presence of lingual interposition, distortion, lingual thrust, protrusion of the tongue, contact with palatine rugae, and type of dentition (P<0.05). According to the logistic regression model, the presence of lingual thrust (odds ratio (OR): 0.067; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.009-0.518) and contact with the palatine rugae (OR: 0.420; 0.216-0.818) behave as protective factors associated with the presence of AOB, and the presence of distortion was found to be a risk factor (OR: 10.751; 95%CI: 5.658-20.427). Lingual thrust, interposition, and protrusion are associated with AOB. Lingual thrust and contact of the tongue with the palatine rugae behave as protective factors, and the presence of distortion acts as a risk factor.

Relationship between tongue pressure and maxillofacial morphology in Japanese children based on skeletal classification.

During childhood, perioral muscle function is closely associated with malocclusion. To clarify the effects of tongue function on maxillofacial morphology in children, tongue pressure and maximum lip-closing force (LCF) were measured and the relationship between perioral muscle function and maxillofacial morphology was evaluated according to the skeletal classification. Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and swallowing tongue pressure (STP) were measured on the anterior palatine rugae in 100 children (Hellman's dental stages IIIA-IIIC) using a balloon-type tongue pressure measurement device. Lip-closing force was measured using an LCF measurement device. Lateral cephalograms were examined to classify subjects into skeletal (S)-I, S-II and S-III groups. Correlations of skeletal classification with tongue pressure and LCF were examined. Correlations of lateral cephalometric measurements with palatal volume (PV), measured using a three-dimensional optical scanner, were evaluated. Maximum tongue pressure was significantly lower in the S-II group than in other groups. Swallowing tongue pressure was significantly lower in the S-II group than in the S-III group. Lip-closing force was significantly higher in the S-III group than in other groups. Swallowing tongue pressure was positively correlated with MTP and PV. Correlations between tongue pressure and anteroposterior skeletal classification indicated the importance of quantitative tongue function assessment.

Morphological study of the hard palate in the Egyptian goats (Capra hircus): A scanning electron microscopic study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of the goat hard palate by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to gross and morphometric analysis. A total of twelve goat heads, from normal adult and apparently healthy goats of both sexes, were collected from local slaughterhouses in Qena province, Egypt. Samples were subjected to gross examination, morphometric analysis, light microscopy and SEM. The hard palate in the goats was long and could be divided into a rostral narrow part and a caudal wide part with about 12-15 transverse palatine ridges from which the rostral palatine ridges were serrated on their free caudal edges. The dental pad replaced the upper incisors; its caudal border had a serrated appearance. At higher magnification, the epithelial surface of the palatine rugae and incisive papilla revealed a variety in the shape of the microplicae and the pattern of the micropits. These adaptations of the goat's hard palate might increase its efficiency during ingestion and mastication of coarse roughages and in directing the food backwards. To our knowledge, this is the first study showed the detailed anatomical description of the hard palate of the goat with SEM.

Palatoscopy and odontometrics for sex identification and hereditary pattern analysis in a Navi Mumbai population: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Identification of an individual is a challenging task in the field of forensic odontology. Sometimes, the identity of individuals by fingerprints is difficult; hence, the examination of palatal rugae and the human dentition is a viable option.Aims and Objectives:The objective of the present study was to determine the sex of an individual and the hereditary pattern using three parameters are as follows: palatine rugae, dimensions of maxillary molar and maxillary canine.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study involved a total of 200 participants which included 60 males, 60 females and 20 families with four members each. Maxillary impressions were made with elastomeric impression material, and dental stone was used to make the models. The parameters used were as follows: palatine rugae classified by Thomas and Kotze (1983), which included the shape, size, direction and unification pattern, mesiodistal (MD) width of canines and intercanine width and MD and buccolingual width of maxillary molars.Statistical Analysis:Unpaired t-test and the median test were used to assess the sex differences in the number and unification pattern for the palatal rugae and to compare dimensions measured for males and females for the odontometric data. The data collected was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17.0 statistical program for windows. The statistical significance was fixed at 0.05.Results:Males showed more number of converging rugae and females showed more number of diverging patterns of rugae. The number of primary and forward rugae was more in both the genders and females showed more wavy rugae while males showed more number of straight and curved rugae. The maxillary canine and maxillary molar dimensions both were more in males than the females and also none of these parameters showed a hereditary pattern.Conclusion:Rugae pattern and the human dentition are both highly individualistic and can be used for personal identification and sex determination.