Ideal Pair Research Articles

Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of invasive weed Mikania micrantha and its indigenous congener Mikania cordata

Mikania micrantha and Mikania cordata are two distinct species in China. The former is notorious as one of the top 100 worst invasive species, whereas the latter is an indigenous species harmless to native plants or the environment. They form an ideal congener pair for comparative studies aimed at deeply understanding the invasion mechanisms of the exotic weed. In this study, we have assembled and annotated the mitogenomes of both species using Illumina and PacBio sequencing data and compared their characteristic differences. The complete mitogenome of M. micrantha is a double-stranded DNA with a length of 336,564 bp, while the mitogenome of M. cordata exhibits a branching structure, consisting of two small circular molecules and six linear molecules, with a combined length totaling 335,444 bp. Compared to M. cordata, M. micrantha has less SSRs, tandem repeats, dispersed repeats, mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs). The two plants show similar codon usage patterns. This comparative study has revealed the structure and function of the mitogenomes of the two species and laid a solid foundation for investigating the effects of gene loss and duplication on the development of invasive traits in M. micrantha.

Odd-Even Law Mediated Supramolecular Chirality of Luminescent Dipeptides for Chiroptical Energy Transfer.

Inherent luminescent short peptides essentially provide opportunities to rationally manipulate supramolecular chirality and chiral luminescence. Herein, a facile protocol to construct a series of naphthalimide-appended dipeptides is reported that show ultrasound wave-activated supramolecular chirality regulated by odd-even law. Naphthalimide luminophores are conjugated to the dipeptide skeleton with variable alkyl spacers. The presence of tyrosine interferes the kinetic aggregation into achiral nanoparticles without chirality transfer to supramolecular scale. However, ultrasound treatment initiates the nanoparticle-to-helix transition accompanied with the appeared chiral optics, including Cotton effect and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The supramolecular chiral parameters, including handedness of helices and chiroptical behaviors, follow the odd-even law of alkyl spacers in dipeptides bearing non-substituted naphthalimides. The amine-substitution boosted the quantum yields of dipeptide whereas no odd-even effect. The two types of dipeptides constituted ideal energy transfer pairs that enable the efficient energy transfer as well as the transportation of odd-even law to dipeptides containing substituted naphthalimides. This work sheds light on the construction of luminescent dipeptides with applications in precise control over chirality transportation and chiral luminescence.

Enhancing sonothrombolysis outcomes with dual-frequency ultrasound: Insights from an in silico microbubble dynamics study

Sonothrombolysis is a technique that employs the ultrasound waves to break down the clot. Recent studies have demonstrated significant improvement in the treatment efficacy when combining two ultrasound waves of different frequencies. Nevertheless, the findings remain conflicted on the ideal frequency pairing that leads to an optimal treatment outcome. Existing experimental studies are constrained by the limited range of frequencies that can be investigated, while numerical studies are typically confined to spherical microbubble dynamics, thereby restricting the scope of the analysis. To overcome this, the present study investigated the microbubble dynamics caused by the different combinations of ultrasound frequencies. This was carried out using computational modelling as it enables the visualisation of the microbubble behaviour, which is difficult in experimental studies due to the opacity of blood. The results showed that the pairings of two ultrasound waves with low frequencies generally produced stronger cavitation and higher flow-induced shear stress on the clot surface. However, one should avoid the frequency pairings that are integer multipliers of each other, i.e., frequency ratio of 1/3, 1/2 and 2, as they led to resultant wave with low pressure amplitude that weakened the cavitation. At 0.5 + 0.85 MHz, the microbubble caused the highest shear stress of 60.5 kPa, due to its large translational distance towards the clot. Although the pressure threshold for inertial cavitation was reduced using dual-frequency ultrasound, the impact of the high-speed jet can only be realised when the microbubble travelled close to the clot. The results obtained from the present study provide groundwork for deeper understanding on the microbubble dynamics during dual-frequency sonothrombolysis, which is of paramount importance for its optimisations and the subsequent clinical translation.

Fourth-generation fluid effect in geothermal-based hydrogen production combined system

In this study, hydrogen production using a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser (PEME) integrated with a geothermal based dual Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) designed using different organic fluids is investigated. Five dry fluids (R245fa, R600, R600a, butene and isobutene) were used in the medium-temperature ORC-1 unit. In the low temperature ORC-2 unit, fourth-generation ultra-low global warming potential (GWP) fluids (R1243zf, R1225ye(Z) and R1234ze(E)), whose role in hydrogen production has not been determined before, were used as organic fluids. In addition to these fluids, the conventional wet fluid R134a and zeotropic R450A (42% R134a-58% R1234ze(E)), which is a mixture of wet and fourth-generation, were added for performance comparison. In the study, it was aimed to increase hydrogen production by using low temperature geothermal heat from the medium temperature ORC-1 unit in the ORC-2 unit with organic fluid open heater (OFOH), determine the organic fluid effect on hydrogen production by using fourth-generation fluids with low critical temperature and determine the ideal fluid pair among the fluid groups used in two ORC units. It is also planned to analyze the effect of OFOH utilization on hydrogen production in ORC-PEME integration. The contribution of 25 different fluid pairs formed as a result of the 5*5 matrix to hydrogen production through PEME was determined. The best fluid pair was R245fa-R1234ze(E) while the lowest performance was obtained in R600a-R134a duo. In the best fluid pair, it was determined that the amount of natural gas preserved (NGP) was 3018 tons per year and the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) was 1.901 $/kg with 104.4 kg hydrogen production per hour. The minimum specific investment cost (3270 $/kW) was reached in this fluid pair. Compared to the worst fluid pair; it was determined that LCOH was reduced by 8.15% with the best fluid pair. For the best and worst fluid pairs, a difference of 412 tons per year was found between the NGP considering the CH4 consumed versus the hydrogen produced based on the steam methane reforming (SMR). Carbon credit gain (CCG) was determined by enviro-economic analysis, while R245fa-R1234ze(E) has 365.8 k$ carbon recovery, this value decreases to 315.8 k$ in R600a-R134a duo.

Study on the contact performance of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth trace cylindrical gear with installation errors

Abstract. Installation errors are important factor for the contact performance of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth trace (VH-CATT) cylindrical gear; the study of the relationship between installation errors and contact performances is beneficial for gear vibration and noise reduction. Firstly, based on the meshing theory, the tooth surface equation and contact ellipse of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear were deduced, and the tooth surface imprinting experiment was realized. Next, the tooth contact analysis model of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear was developed to investigate the influence of the installation errors on the elliptical contact area. Then, the calculation formulas of the tooth surface gap and contact point flexibility matrix were carried out to develop the load tooth contact analysis model of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear. Finally, the influence of the installation errors on the load distribution was investigated. Research shows that the elliptical contact area of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear is a line contact within a certain range and is located in the middle section of the tooth width. The elliptical contact area of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear increases or decreases rapidly when meshing in and out, and all the installation errors have a certain influence on the elliptical contact area, except for the center distance error. The single-tooth meshing area with the installation errors is greater than that of the ideal gear pair. The load distribution area with the installation errors deviates from the middle section, except for the center distance error. The installation rotation errors around the x and y axis have a certain influence on the maximum load of the single-tooth meshing area. The research results provide a basis for improving the bearing capacity of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear and optimizing the design.

Ideal balanced pairs in extriangulated categories

Ideal balanced pairs in extriangulated categories

Local (Co)homology and Čech (Co)complexes with Respect to a Pair of Ideals

Let I and J be two ideals of a commutative ring R. We introduce the concepts of the Cˇech complex and Cˇech cocomplex with respect to (I,J) and investigate their homological properties. In addition, we show that local cohomology and local homology with respect to (I,J) are expressed by the above complexes. Moreover, we provide a proof for the Matlis–Greenless–May equivalence with respect to (I,J), which is an equivalence between the category of derived (I,J)-torsion complexes and the category of derived (I,J)-completion complexes. As an application, we use local cohomology and the Cˇech complex with respect to (I,J) to prove Grothendieck’s local duality theorem for unbounded complexes.

44Sc production from enriched 47TiO2 targets with a medical cyclotron

44Sc is a β+-emitter which has been extensively studied for nuclear medicine applications. Its promising decay characteristics [t1/2 = 3.97 h, Eβ+ = 632 keV (94.3%), Eγ = 1157 keV (99.9%); 1499 keV (0.91%)] make it highly attractive for clinical PET imaging, offering an alternative to the widely used 68Ga [t1/2 = 67.7 min, Eβ+ = 836 keV (87.7%)]. Notably, its nearly fourfold longer half-life opens avenues for applications with biomolecules having extended biological half-lives and enables the centralized distribution of 44Sc radiopharmaceuticals. An additional advantage of employing 44Sc as a diagnostic radioisotope lies in its counterpart, the β−-emitter 47Sc, which is currently under investigation for targeted radiotherapy. Together, they form an ideal theranostic pair, providing a comprehensive solution for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine.At the Bern medical cyclotron, a study to optimize the production of scandium radioisotopes is currently ongoing. In this context, proton irradiation of titanium targets has been investigated, exploiting the reactions 47Ti(p,α)44Sc and 50Ti(p,α)47Sc. This approach enables the production of Sc radioisotopes within a single PET medical cyclotron facility, employing identical chemical procedures for target preparation and post-irradiation processing.In this paper, we report on cross-section measurements of the 47Ti(p,α)44Sc nuclear reaction using 95.7% enriched 47TiO2 targets. On the basis of the obtained results, the production yield and purity were calculated to assess the optimal irradiation conditions. Production tests were performed to confirm these findings.

Thermoluminescence kinetics in beta-irradiated novel ZnGa2O4:Eu3+ phosphor produced via gel combustion synthesis

Eu3+ doped ZnGa2O4 phosphors with varying dopant concentrations were successfully synthesized using the combustion technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the consistency of both undoped and Eu3+ doped ZnGa2O4 samples with PDF#38–1240 card structure. The investigation of thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics involved studying TL glow curves in Eu3+ doped ZnGa2O4 samples with different dopant concentrations, employing various optical detection filter combinations. Among these, ZnGa2O4: 2%Eu3+ and the IRSL-TL wide blue band (wbb) proved to be the optimal sample and ideal detection filter pairing for identifying TL features. Following preheating experiments, the TL maximum was observed at around 190 °C, with a heating rate of 2 °Cs−1. The dose-response experiment for ZnGa2O4:2%Eu3+ exhibited satisfactory linearity, with a coefficient of b = 0.988 and an R2 value of 0.989 for doses up to 100 Gy. Moreover, for the dose range of 200–500 Gy, a sublinear relationship was maintained, with a coefficient of b = 0.31 and an R2 value of 0.988. Hoogenstraaten's method, along with the initial rise method and the Tm-Tstop experiment, was also employed in conjunction with a glow curve fitting package. This comprehensive approach facilitated the determination of the number of peaks, trap structure, and kinetic parameters within the thermoluminescence glow curve. Glow curve deconvolution using specialized software revealed the presence of five well-isolated and overlapping TL glow peaks, achieving a figure of merit (FOM) value of 1.39.

Enhancing the performance of indoor organic photovoltaics through precise modulation of chlorine density in wide bandgap random copolymers

This study demonstrates that the combination of wide bandgap random copolymers and PC71BM is an ideal pair for cost-effective, efficient indoor organic photovoltaics.

Local gastronomy and wine geographical indications (GIs): Framework for identifying pairing potential

Associating local gastronomy with wines, i.e. enogastronomy, contributes to enhancing the identity and competitiveness of destinations. The main objective of this paper is to propose a framework for pairing potential, linking local gastronomy and geographical indication wines (GIs) involving multiple relationships, as in a meal. Most studies involving pairing focus solely on binary wine-product relationships, which do not adequately support the analysis of local gastronomic pairings within a meal. In such cases, wine becomes an integral part of a larger context and must harmonize with a multitude of sensory elements. The study was conducted in 3 IGs from Brazil. The framework is structured in three phases, in order to identify (1) local gastronomy highlights, (2) pairing potential and (3) ideal pairing. The pairing potential was based on an experts' panel using Delphi methodology, in two rounds. The best pairing were listed for each GI, considering local gastronomy and also suggestions of international gastronomy. The main contribution is a framework systematized to provide methodological support for pairing potential involving multiple relationships. This framework can be applied in other GIs for further studies and to support stakeholders in the development of new products and experiences.

Material and component developments for the DEMO divertor using fibre reinforcement and additive manufacturing

Within the research along the European Fusion Roadmap, water-cooled divertor PFCs are foreseen in the design of a first fusion demonstration power plant (DEMO) in order to provide reliable heat removal capability. In the frame of this concerted attempt, the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics is concentrating on the development and testing of composite materials based on tungsten (W, preferred armour material) and copper (Cu, preferred heat sink material). W fibres (Wf) as monofilaments and yarns as reinforcement play a central role in these investigations due to their extraordinary properties concerning ductility already at room temperature and high tensile strength. Recent investigations on the impact of radiation damage suggest that the fibres retain their ductility upon irradiation. W reinforced with W fibres (Wf/W) allows to overcome the intrinsic brittleness of W. Quantitative mechanical fracture tests of Wf /W confirm the basic mechanisms of fibre reinforcement and the increased resistance to mechanical fatigue. The good wettability of W with liquid Cu and the absence of any metallurgical solubility make up an ideal material pairing for composite production. W fibre-reinforced Cu (Wf/Cu) cooling tubes provide a rather high thermal conductivity (> 250 W mK−1) and at least twice the strength of CuCrZr in hoop direction in the temperature range up to at least 500 °C. Very recent neutron irradiation experiments confirm the sustainment of ductility of the Wf/Cu composite. Numerical simulations suggest that thermal stresses in W-Cu PFCs could be strongly reduced by tailoring the local W and Cu volume fraction. This ‘freely’ distributed material composition can be achieved by means of additively manufactured W skeletons consecutively infiltrated by Cu. Investigations with W preforms produced by Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion and infiltrated by Cu demonstrate the feasibility of this approach while testing of specifically prepared specimen is ongoing.

A stable matching method for technology trading with intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute information

Technology trading matching facilitates quicker solution-finding for technology demanders and expedites the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Yet, unstable matchings often lead traders to renounce existing contracts, sidestep trading intermediaries, and resort to private transactions. This results in inefficient trading mechanisms and market disarray. To ensure a stable and mutually satisfactory match for both suppliers and demanders, we propose a stable two-sided matching decision-making method that incorporates intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute information. Initially, we introduce an intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS approach to compute the comprehensive satisfaction of both suppliers and demanders by aggregating intuitionistic fuzzy information across various attributes. Subsequently, we design a multi-objective optimization model that weighs both stability and satisfaction to determine the ideal technology trading pairs. We conclude with a real-world example that demonstrates the proposed method’s application, and its effectiveness is corroborated through sensitivity and comparative analyses.

Selective Formation of Monodisperse Right Trigonal-Bipyramidal and Cube-Shaped CdSe Nanocrystals: Stacking Faults and Facet-Ligand Pairing.

Formation of monodisperse right trigonal-bipyramidal (rTriBP) and cube-shaped CdSe nanocrystals─both being encased with six (100) facets─is found to be dictated by type of stacking faults along the (111) direction of the zinc-blende structure and an ideal facet-ligand pairing for the (100) facets. During growth with little kinetic overdriving, seeds with single twin boundary (TB) and single intrinsic stacking fault (ISF) grow into rTriBP and cube-shaped nanocrystals, respectively, through two consecutive stages. During the facet-formation stage, each seed would grow rapidly into the smallest faceted one to contain the ∼3 nm seed, with cube-shaped ones growing much faster than rTriBP ones because of the stacking-fault-dependent seed location in the final faceted nanocrystals. In the following facet-growth stage, cube-shaped nanocrystals also grow faster, presumably due to the highly reactive stacking fault edges. Consistent with this hypothesis, growth of rTriBP nanocrystals can become faster than that of cube-shaped ones by intentionally introducing additional intrinsic stacking fault(s) in the seeds. Cube-shaped and rTriBP CdSe nanocrystals exhibit distinctive optical properties, representing two classes of optical materials.

Per-pixel distortion correction method of light field camera with homography matrix and phase calculation

A light field camera is constructed by positioning a microlens array between the main lens and an imaging plane, allowing it to record depth information. One of the factors affecting the reconstruction accuracy is distortion. To address this, we propose a novel method for correcting distortion in light field cameras using a homography matrix and phase calculation of the fringe projection technique. In this method, the distortion characteristic of each pixel in light field cameras can be directly measured. Firstly, the phase values of the concentric circular target captured by the light field camera are acquired using phase calculation technique. Next, the homography matrix is obtained by extracting the center coordinates of the target and their corresponding phase values. The phase value of each ideal point is obtained using the homography matrix, whereas the phase value of the corresponding real point is obtained through phase calculation technique. Finally, the distortion mapping table is generated based on the per-pixel ideal and real point pairs. By comparing the full-field error of the images before and after correction, the results show an average improvement of 15.992 % using this method.

Chinese red wine and cheese pairings: A preliminary study of consumer perception using check‐all‐that‐apply and hedonic tests

AbstractFood and wine pairing has been studied in marketing, sensory science, and hospitality fields to evaluate the gastronomic experience of consumers. In this study, three Chinese red wines (Cabernet Gernischt: CG, Marselan: MS, and Vitis amurensis Rupr: VR) were paired with two French cheeses (Brie and Camembert) and two Chinese cheeses [sweet cheese (SWC) and salty cheese (SAC)]. The physicochemical properties of wines and cheeses were determined. Also, sensory profiles of wine and cheese samples were collected using 100 participants by a check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) test, and the ideal pairing of wines and cheeses was evaluated using hedonic, flavor intensity, and body‐to‐body relationship tests. The results showed that VR wine presented a sweet flavor and full body. MS and CG wines have a strong, bitter taste and a hot and rough mouthfeel than VR wine. The flavors of Camembert and Brie cheeses were richer and more complex than those of SWC and SAC. The textures of Camembert and Brie were elastic, smooth, creamy, fatty, and soft. VR wine enhanced consumer preference for all four types of cheeses (each combination liking score is more than six). Wine characteristics were suppressed and not enhanced by pairing with cheese. The ideal pair evaluation in terms of flavor intensity and body‐to‐body relationship confirmed that wines dominated these two aspects for cheese‐wine pairs.Practical ApplicationsCATA questions conducted with consumers are popular to profile and characterize food and beverage products. This investigation helps validate CATA method applications in food and wine pairing areas. In addition, the hedonic, flavor intensity, and body‐to‐body tests of Chinese wine and Chinese cheese pairing are helpful in promoting the development of the Chinese wine and cheese industry. The findings provide future research directions in pairing principles of food and beverages.

6FDA-DABA polyimide, polyphenylene, and polyimide-polyphenylene multiblock synthesis, characterization, and membrane gas separation performance and modeled transport

A 6FDA-DABA (6FD) polyimide, polyphenylene (PP), and multiblock copolymer (6FD-PP) materials were synthesized using sequential polycondensation and Diels-Alder reactions. PP and 6FD solubility parameters were 19.4 (MPa)1/2 and 22.4 (MPa)1/2, as predicted using Group Contribution Theory. Due to their solubility parameter differences, PP and 6FD solutions in tetrahydrofuran became immiscible when mixed at all concentrations. However, 6FD-PP multiblock copolymer solutions were clear, and their solution-cast films were robust and creasable. Homopolymer and block copolymers estimated fractional free volume (FFV) ranged from 0.174 (6FD) to 0.196 (PP). Their densities and FFV largely obeyed the rule of mixtures, suggesting a "blend-like" morphology. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of 6FD and PP were 285 °C and 400 °C, which became two distinct Tgs at 340 °C and 420 °C for 6FD-PP-[14k:13k]. Larger PP block lengths appeared to suppress the first-order polyimide transition entirely. SAXS and AFM morphological analysis revealed two distinct domains with an average separation distance ranging from 9.0 to 47.7 nm, dependent on PP block length. Membrane gas separation performance was compared to Robeson's upper bound. 6FD-PP multiblock copolymer gas transport properties were found to be highly dependent upon copolymer composition and FFV. Increasing PP content within a copolymer significantly improved gas permeability at the expense of He/CH4 and CO2/CH4 selectivity. Membrane CO2 permeability ranged from 4.36 Barrers using 6FD to 155 Barrers with PP. Their CO2/CH4 selectivity varied between 80.6 (6FD) to 12.7 (PP). 6FD-PP-[14k:13k] membrane's O2 permeability was between these polymers. The membrane had a 30% improvement in its ideal O2/N2 selectivity. The N2/CH4 selectivity ranged from 3 to 1.70, suggesting that 6FD-PP multiblock systems could be efficiently tailored from N2 to CH4 selectivity. Five gas permeability models (rule-of-mixture, Maxwell, EBM, laminate, and blend) were used to study 6FD-PP block copolymer transport behavior. Among them, a blend model had the most reasonable gas permeability prediction. 6FD-PP multiblock membranes improved several ideal gas pairs leading to more permeable and selective materials. The synthetic approach using block copolymerization creates an opportunity for gas separation improvement and tuneability of specific gas pairs.

Materials screening and characterization for functional printed automotive interiors parts

Flexible printed electronics (PE) has attracted strong interest during the last two decades and is one of the successful trends in material science, representing the future of PEs. This research work evaluates the use of screen-printing technology and materials for producing functional circuits for automotive interior parts, which can be subsequently processed through in-mold electronics (IME). Since the selection of the materials to build the printed system is of utmost importance, this study evaluates combinations of commercial polycarbonate substrates (LEXAN 8A13E, DE 1-4 060007 and LM 905 2-4 160009) and silver-based inks (ME603, ME604 and CP 6680), all suitable for IME. Different electrically conductive tracks varying in width and spacing (0.5, 0.3 and 0.2 mm) and two capacitive sensors were printed. Tensile tests and surface energy characterizations of the different polycarbonate substrates were carried out, then morphological, electrical, and thermoforming studies were performed on the printed substrates. Morphological characterization showed successful printing for wider lines (0.5 and 0.3 mm), but problems with screen clogging occurred for smaller line widths (0.2 mm). The electrical conductivity of printed tracks was in accordance to the printed layer thickness and ink solids percentage. The proof-of-concept of the electrical functionality was successful, when integrating the sensors into the PCB with SMD LEDs. Thermoforming showed limited functionality, with the best overall performance observed for specific combinations of substrate and ink. In essence, the results indicate that although all the selected substrates and silver-based inks have great compatibility among themselves and can be considered as materials for the production of functional automotive interior parts, there is no ideal pairing of inks and substrates. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of defining product specifications for a more suitable material selection.

The Influence of Spirodi(Iminohydantoin) on Charge Transfer through ds-DNA Containing 8-OXO-dG: A Theoretical Approach.

Genetic information stored in a DNA base sequence is continuously exposed to harmful factors. It has been determined that 9 × 104 different DNA damage events occur in a single human cell every 24 h. Of these, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine (OXOG) is one of the most abundant and can undergo further transformations towards spirodi(iminohydantoin) (Sp). Sp is highly mutagenic in comparison to its precursor if not repaired. In this paper, the influence of both Sp diastereomers 4R and 4S as well as their anti and syn conformers on charge transfer through the double helix was taken into theoretical consideration. In addition, the electronic properties of four modelled double-stranded oligonucleotides (ds-oligos) were also discussed, i.e., d[A1Sp2A3oxoG4A5] * [T5C4T3C2T1]. Throughout the study, the M06-2X/6-31++G** level theory was used. Solvent-solute non-equilibrated and equilibrated interactions were also considered. The subsequent results elucidated that the 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine:cytidine (OXOGC) base pair is the settled point of a migrated radical cation in each of the discussed cases, due to its low adiabatic ionization potential, i.e., ~5.55 [eV]. The opposite was noted for excess electron transfer through ds-oligos containing anti (R)-Sp or anti (S)-Sp. The radical anion was found on the OXOGC moiety, whereas in the presence of syn (S)-Sp or syn (R)-Sp, an excess electron was found on the distal A1T5 or A5T1 base pair, respectively. Furthermore, a spatial geometry analysis of the discussed ds-oligos revealed that the presence of syn (R)-Sp in the ds-oligo caused only a slight deformation to the double helix, while syn (S)-Sp formed an almost ideal base pair with a complementary dC. The above results are in strong agreement with the final charge transfer rate constant, as calculated according to Marcus' theory. In conclusion, DNA damage such as spirodi(iminohydantoin), especially when becoming part of clustered DNA damage, can affect the effectiveness of other lesion recognition and repair processes. This can lead to the acceleration of undesired and deleterious processes such as carcinogenesis or aging. However, in terms of anticancer radio-/chemo- or combined therapy, the slowing down of the repair machinery can result in increased effectiveness. With this in mind, the influence of clustered damage on charge transfer and its subsequent effect on single-damage recognition by glycosylases justifies future investigation.

Plasmon induced green synthesized nano silver doped titania nanotubes array for photoelectrochemical (PEC) application

The capillary effect of titanium nanotube arrays (TNTs) was used for in-situ deposition of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to create hybrid Ag-TNT nanostructures. Titania is a well-known and well-established photocatalyst, although its applications are limited to the ultraviolet region. Under visible light irradiation, the silver nanoparticles, which are recognized for their plasmonics, create the ideal pair as an efficient photosensitizer to promote photocatalytic water splitting. In this approach, a green synthesis method was used to synthesize nano silver colloid, and the silver nanoparticles were then introduced to an anodized titanium plate for incorporation. The photocatalysts are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-VIS-diffuse reflectance spectra, Fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to explore their structural and optical properties. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy was employed to understand the charger carrier kinetics and the electrons/holes recombination strategy using the bi-exponential decay function. The visible-light-driven hydrogen production activities of Ag-TNT photocatalysts were evaluated and the hydrogen production rate of Ag-TNT was 12 times higher than TNT. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag-NPs improves visible-light harvesting and electron transport to the conduction band. The use of the capillary effect to deposit green AgNPs is a simple and promising method for improving Titania-based photocatalyst performance.