Painting Workshops Research Articles

Painting workshops for people living with dementia as a means of expression and communication: revelations from our elders

Purpose This study aims to explore art workshops for people living with dementia as a process enabling creative expression and fostering communication with others. Design/methodology/approach To enable detailed exploration of the expressive powers of painting and drawing, the authors draw several examples from a series of painting workshops for people living with dementia, which formed part of the PPI for research into experiences of restraint within care. Findings Artwork enabled personal expression, facilitated conversation with others and revealed hidden knowledge and abilities, but also revealed dangers of miscommunication, specifically here related to technological changes and spirituality. Research limitations/implications Individual differences in responses to painting will exist meaning that the specific findings outlined here are unique to individuals and not always generalisable. This follows from the quality of the individual communication that may be enabled by painting, meaning that close attention to each person is both fostered and required. Practical implications Art activities can provide a means to enable deep personal expression and agency in people living with dementia, which can contribute to countering dehumanisation. Social implications Attention to the process of painting can be beneficial in fostering verbal and non-verbal communication with individuals who have difficulties in communication. Attention to cultural issues in care needs to incorporate understanding of spiritual and religious issues and take note of gaps in understanding related to technological as well as cultural changes between generations. Originality/value Much work in this area explores art activities for people living with dementia in terms of beneficial outcomes. This work explores the creative process inherent in painting, drawing upon insights from art theory and providing in-depth individual insights through case studies. Both researchers in this study are artists and the work drew upon their understanding of the processes of painting.

Relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and kidney function in car painting workshops in Surabaya: A cross-sectional observational study

Background Car painting workers are at risk because of the use of solvents containing benzene as the main ingredient in the car painting process. One of the clinical effects of systemic benzene is kidney disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between benzene and Risk Quotient (RQ) benzene concentrations with Malondialdehyde (MDA), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels in workers exposed to benzene in car painting workshops in Surabaya. Methods This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional method conducted at two car paint workshops in Surabaya. The study population was all workers exposed to benzene in the two car paint workshops, aged between 20-65 years in 2019. The sample was taken using an accidental sampling method, involving 30 respondents. Inclusion criteria included workers exposed to benzene and willing to participate, while exclusion criteria included workers with a liver or kidney disease history. The variables studied included benzene concentration, benzene RQ (benzene metabolite), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of oxidative stress, and indicators of kidney function (BUN and creatinine levels). Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analysis with Pearson correlation test. Results There was no significant relationship between concentrations, RQ benzene, and MDA levels in workers in painting in Surabaya (p> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene concentration, BUN levels, and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene RQ and BUN and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p> 0.05). Conclusions This study's results indicate that benzene's effects do not lead to impaired kidney function. The benzene RQ variable in this study did not become a determining factor in BUN and creatinine levels in workers.

Application and comparison of three occupational health risk assessment methods in an automobile manufacturing industry

Objective: Three occupational health risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risk of noise exposed posts in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. According to the results, the selection of risk assessment methods and risk management of such occupational noise enterprises were provided. Methods: Form April to November 2021, The occupational health field survey was carried out in an automobile manufacturing industry in Tianjin. The occupational health MES risk assessment method, occupational health risk index risk assessment method and Australian occupational hazard risk assessment method were used to evaluate the occupational health risk of noise-exposed posts in this enterprise, and the evaluation results of different methods were analyzed and compared. Results: The average value of L(Aeq, 8 h) in the four workshops of automobile manufacturing industry was 82.95 dB (A) , and the noise detection exceeding rate was 22.41% (26/116) . The LAeq, 8h and exceeding rate noise of welding workshop were higher than those of other workshops (χ(2)=23.56, 32.94, P<0.01) . The three occupational health risk assessment methods have the same risk assessment results for the four major workshops. The assembly and painting workshops are level 4 risk (possible risk) , and the stamping and welding workshops are level 3 risk (significant risk) . Conclusion: Occupational noise has certain potential hazards to workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, in the future work, corresponding organizational management measures should be taken to improve the working environment and reduce the actual exposure level of workers in order to protect the health of occupational workers.

Pelatihan Teknik Pengelasan dan Pengecatan Atomozing Bagi Santri Pesantren Anak Yatim Darul Hikmah Cot Yang-Kuta Baro Aceh Besar

Islamic boarding schools are traditional educational institutions that prioritize a religion-based curriculum. The Darul Hikmah Orphans Islamic Boarding School, located in Cot Yang Village, Kuta Barou District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, faces the challenge of low levels of entrepreneurial skills in the field of welding and atomizing painting due to the absence of this material in their curriculum. To overcome this, atomizing welding and painting training was carried out at Islamic boarding schools, which aimed to improve students' hard skills in this field. This training is also planned to develop business units, including the establishment of atomizing welding and painting workshops. This atomizing welding and painting entrepreneurship training program is measured by several parameters, with the output being the basic welding technical skills obtained by the students. It is hoped that this program will produce entrepreneurs in atomizing welding and painting workshops that will benefit the environment of the Darul Hikmah Cot Yang Orphan Islamic Boarding School. The training implementation stages include welding and painting theory, occupational health and safety (K3), as well as practice and assistance in basic welding and painting, with the final product being a table. The training material was adopted from teaching welding and painting practices at Syiah Kuala Darussalam University-Aceh. The result of this training is an increase in participants' knowledge in welding and painting, as well as their ability to apply these processes by prioritizing K3 (Occupational Safety and Health).

A Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Low-Carbon Scheduling of Ship Segment Painting

Ship painting, as one of the three pillars of the shipping industry, runs through the whole process of ship construction. However, there are low scheduling efficiency and excessive carbon emissions in the segmental painting process, and optimizing the scheduling method is an important means to achieve the sustainable development of the ship manufacturing industry. To this end, firstly, a low-carbon scheduling mathematical model for the segmented painting workshop is proposed, aiming to reduce carbon emissions and improve the painting efficiency of the segmented painting workshop. Second, an artificial bee colony algorithm designed based on a decomposition strategy (MD/ABC) is proposed to solve the model. In the first stage, five neighborhood switching methods are designed to achieve the global search employed for each solution. In the second stage, the Technique of Ordering the Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) improves the competition mechanism through the co-evolution between neighboring subproblems and designs the angle to define the relationship between neighboring subproblems to enhance the localized search and improve population quality. The solution exchange strategy is used in the third stage to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. In addition, a two-stage coding method is designed according to the characteristics of the scheduling problem. Finally, the algorithm before and after the improvement and with other algorithms is analyzed using comparative numerical experiments. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the algorithm in solving the low-carbon scheduling problem of ship segmental painting and can provide reliable guidance for the scheduling program of segmented painting workshops in shipyards.

Gerakan literasi berbasis inklusi sosial di Taman Bacaan Masyarakat Sehati Kabupaten Bandung

The Sehati Community Reading Park (Taman Bacaan Masyarakat, TBM) in Bandung Regency is an initiative aimed at enhancing the reading interest of the community, especially in the Cimaung District of Bandung Regency. The literacy movement, organized by TBM Sehati, is designed for all ages, from children to adults. This research aims to understand the literacy movement at the Sehati TBM in Bandung Regency by analyzing the types of activities conducted and the benefits of the literacy movement. A qualitative approach through a case study research method was used in this study. The results indicate that the activities within the literacy movement at TBM Sehati are divided into two categories: routine and non-routine activities. Routine activities include reading and writing training, religious study groups, training for managers and volunteers, as well as drawing and painting workshops. Non-routine activities include baking training, waste management programs (fabric and cattle waste), and writing training (village journalism). The community literacy movement aims to improve the local economy, provide free access to knowledge, offer skills in arts and culture, and ensure an adequate learning environment. Volunteers gain knowledge, experience, a sense of joy, and gratitude. TBM managers also receive community support and trust, establish relationships and cooperation with various parties, benefit financially, and gain unexpected experiences and opportunities. The research concludes that the activities within the literacy movement at TBM Sehati have positively impacted the surrounding community, volunteers, and the TBM managers themselves.

Relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and kidney function in car painting workshops in Surabaya: A cross-sectional observational study

Background Car painting workers are at risk because of the use of solvents containing benzene as the main ingredient in the car painting process. One of the clinical effects of systemic benzene is kidney disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between benzene and Risk Quotient (RQ) benzene concentrations with Malondialdehyde (MDA), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels in workers exposed to benzene in car painting workshops in Surabaya. Methods This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted at two car painting workshops in Surabaya that use benzene as a solvent in their production process, namely in industries in Kalijudan and Jemursari. The research sample was taken using the accidental sampling method and as many as 30 respondents were involved in this study. The variables studied included benzene concentration, RQ benzene, MDA levels, and kidney function (BUN and creatinine levels). Analysis of the data used is a descriptive and bivariate analysis using the Pearson correlation test. Results There was no significant relationship between concentrations, RQ benzene, and MDA levels in workers in painting in Surabaya (p&gt; 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene concentration, BUN levels, and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p&gt; 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene RQ and BUN and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the effects of benzene do not lead to impaired kidney function. The benzene RQ variable in this study did not become a determining factor in BUN and creatinine levels in workers.

A Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm for Multi-Stage Workshop Sequencing in Car Production

During the car production process, diverse production workshops have distinct prerequisites for car body sequencing. This results in the intricate nature of sequencing within multi-stage car workshops. In this study, an optimization method for car body sequencing is proposed that combines a hybrid evolutionary algorithm with heuristic rules. In the welding workshop, a genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the vehicle sequencing. Simultaneously, a differential evolution algorithm is used to optimize the inbound sequence of the buffer zone between the welding and painting workshops, as well as the inbound sequence of the buffer zone between the painting and assembly workshops. Heuristic rules are applied to optimize the outbound sequence of the buffer zone between the welding and painting workshops, as well as the outbound sequence of the buffer zone between the painting and assembly workshops. In addition, in order to improve the quality of the initial population, a heuristic method-based initial population construction method is proposed. The optimization objectives are the number of vehicle model changes in the welding workshop, the number of color changes in the painting workshop, and the total number of overloads in the assembly workshop. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the five outstanding evolutionary algorithms.

“VIII rural veterinary, global health”: the extension as a dialogical apparatus between community and university

"Veterinary Rural, Global Health" is an extracurricular extension project that aims to provide health education through disease prevention and health promotion actions. It is a collective, transdisciplinary, and multiprofessional approach that involves professors, students, and veterinarians, among other professionals and members of the Tutorial Education Programs (PET) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Our goal is to disseminate scientific knowledge to the residents of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In addition, the project aims to strengthen partnerships between the academic community and the Municipal Health Department to support rabies vaccination for dogs and cats in the municipality. For eight editions, the project seeks to address issues related to animal, human, and environmental health through extensionism to encourage the debate of ideas about One Health with the population. In 2022, two stages of activities were conducted. The first stage focused on supporting the vaccination of dogs and cats against rabies in various parts of the city. The second stage took place in the main square of the municipality, where health education activities were organized for children, adults, and seniors. These activities included lectures, playful interactions, drawing and painting workshops, distribution of gifts, and exhibition of anatomical and vertebrate pieces of importance in public health, among others. All practices addressed issues related to One Health and provided integration between the academic community and its surroundings, highlighting the importance of the inseparability of animal, human, and environmental health to reduce diseases with zoonotic potential.

Painting workshop: a tool for improving communication and social interaction

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on using art as an approach in the field of social work. This article examines how painting art can become a valuable tool for communication and social participation for children who suffer from environmental challenges at school and in their upbringing environment. The research is in collaboration with Peacepainting, which uses art painting workshops worldwide to work for equality and peace. Within the framework of social work, we explore painting art as a tool for communication and artistic activity as a social-learning process developed through modes of belonging in a community of practice. Through fieldwork consisting of observation of painting processes, the children’s participation in the workshop and individual interviews with children and instructors, the empirical findings show that artwork provided the children opportunities to experience themselves in new ways through visual expression, which increased their self-confidence. The findings show that painting workshops have the potential to be a changemaker in society and an essential tool in social work practice, creating individual learning processes for the participants, establishing a community for inclusion of exposed groups and contributing to changing the processes of established structural institutions, such as schools, welfare services and the local municipality.

From Patron to Spectator: Chancellor Nicolas Rolin’s Orders in the Workshops of Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden

The article examines the orders that Nicolas Rolin, Chancellor of the Duke of Burgundy, made in two main painting workshops of the southern Netherlands in the first half of the 15th century: “Madonna of Chancellor Rolin”, created by Jan van Eyck in 1435, and “The Last Judgment”, made by Rogier van der Weyden about ten years later. The article is relevant because of the need to reconstruct different layers of the viewer’s perception of the above-mentioned works, taking into account the fact that their original location was different from the current one. The church of Notre-Dame du Châtel, which kept the “Madonna of Chancellor Rolin”, was demolished during the Great French Revolution. Although the hospital in Beaune, for which “The Last Judgment” was intended, has survived to this day, however, the polyptych by R. van der Weyden is not currently displayed in the space of the Rolin Chapel. Such alteration in the placement of altar compositions increases the numbers of barriers to reading the paintings’ iconographic programs. The novelty of the article lies in examining the history of the Chancellor’s orders, his biography, as well as the political, social and religious context of the era in order to highlight the semantic layers in the works by Jan van Eyck and R. van der Weyden. The method of receptive aesthetics may help to analyze how the altars ordered by N. Rolin were perceived by ordinary church visitors, hospital patients, as well as the Chancellor himself and his wife. The article examines the existing hypotheses concerning the symbolic meaning of specific objects and figures on altars from the point of view of the difference in the perception of donators and other viewers of these works. The devotional projects implemented by Nicolas Rolin in Autun and Beaune are accompanied by the Chancellor’s political and social message to his enemies at the court.

Painters in Byzantium and beyond - their social status and reputation

The paper examines the social position and reputation of artists, primarily painters, in Byzantium and the countries under its cultural influence, in the area of the socalled Byzantine Commonwealth. It concludes that painters were treated like all other craftsmen in many aspects of social life from the time of the Book of Eparch (from the tenth century). Nevertheless, some artists were highly respected, and this prestige manifested itself in different ways: prominent painters were praised for their artistic skill or their wisdom and education, some were engaged as witnesses or guarantors in court cases due to their civic and personal credibility, some enjoyed a reputation that stemmed from their other profession - many of them were members of the clergy (priests, hieromonks, monks, hegoumenoi, chartophylaxes, metropolitans), some were elected state, city or military officials, and judges, and some were sent on diplomatic missions. Accordingly, many painters were addressed by the title kyr (Sir), which also testifies to their reputation and social status. Others, however, were forced to earn a living by trading, sometimes even by farming or herding. On the other hand, sources testify that occasionally figures of the highest social ranks (emperors, archbishops, metropolitans, nobles) also dabbled in painting, but they usually did so for fun, and are thus rightly seen in scholarship as amateur painters and cannot be used to illuminate the social status of painters. It seems, however, that the artist?s reputation, about which this paper provides original testimonies and a range of other indicators, generally did not bring a better or higher social status to the painters themselves, so until the end of the Middle Ages, much as in the tenth century, as evidenced by the Book of Eparch, they retained the status of artisans. To corroborate that claim, the paper brings original data on the social strata from which apprentices in painting workshops were recruited and the social circles from which came the spouses of painters or their family members.

Adapting the study of the stained‐glass windows of Notre‐Dame de Paris cathedral to the challenge of restoring a damaged listed building

The first comprehensive study of the cathedral's medieval stained-glass windows, supported by restoration charts, was carried out in 1959 by the art historian Jean Lafond and was the first of the collection of French works in the Corpus Vitrearum. Since that date, the publication of the inventory of ancient stained-glass windows in France, as well as other publications, have widened our knowledge of the stainedglass windows of Notre-Dame. The three medieval roses are the most important elements of Notre-Dame's glass heritage. Dating back to the 13 th century, they show evidence of the restorations carried out across the centuries. In the west rose which depicts a psychomachia, the zodiac and the Labours of the Months, only eleven of the original panels are still in place. In the north transept, the rose depicting the Virgin Mary surrounded by figures of the Old Testament is the best preserved window. The rose located in the south, which originally depicted a majestic God presiding over an assembly of saints, virgins and angels, has been substantially modified. A large number of stopgaps are observed in these three roses and are a sign of the restoration techniques used during the 18 th century. The coats of arms of Cardinal and Marshal Noailles, found in one of the choir chapels, are the two last vestiges of this period. The 18 th -century decoration was, in turn, replaced during the restoration of the cathedral by Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc. In keeping with medieval traditions, they sought to present stained-glass windows with large figures in the upper windows of the choir, narrative stained-glass windows in some chapels and grisaille stained-glass windows for the rest of the building. This project took more than ten years to accomplish and was carried out by seven glass painting workshops, chosen amongst the best of their time and assisted by a painter. To restore the missing stained-glass windows, the architects relied on the small number of written reports describing the stained-glass windows before their destruction, but also on the details of fragments remaining in the cathedral, and the stained-glass windows of other medieval buildings. In the second half of the 20 th century, the grisaille windows that had been installed in the nave in the previous century were in turn replaced with abstract windows created by Jacques Le Chevallier. Since 2019, art historians from the Glass working group have been actively committed to updating and synthesizing the historical data on all of the cathedral's stained-glass windows. Documentary research will help to guide the observation of the works and will be completed, in the case of the original stained-glass windows, with the revision of the 1959 restoration chart. The study of the 19 th -century stained-glass windows will focus on the search for archaeological models, on the quality of the materials (glass, lead, etc.) and their implementation, but also on the specificity of the painting work, and ultimately providing a better knowledge of the workshops of glass painters who worked for Notre-Dame.

Field investigation of pollutant characteristics and targeted ventilation control strategies in high-ceiling aircraft spraying workshop

To achieve efficient ventilation and purification in the high-ceiling painting workshop is faced with the contradiction between effect and energy consumption. Understanding the characteristics of gaseous pollutants is of paramount importance for ventilation and purification system design. The composition and concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from aircraft painting workshop were sampled by Tenax-TA tubes and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Approximately 50 types of VOCs (detection rate>50%) were detected in the aircraft spraying workshop, with percentages of 36.3% for esters, 31.9% for aldehyde ketones, 28.5% for biphenylenes, 1.9% for alcohols and 1.4% for alkanes. The TVOC concentrations in the workshop were 48.6 mg/m3 and 132.4 mg/m3, during the varnish painting and the finish painting processes, respectively, and these are several times higher than those observed in other industries (automobile painting and wooden furniture painting). The field test data of spraying workshops from 197 spraying factories in five industry sectors were collected from field measurement and existing literature. Some VOCs components are the general pollutants in the painting workshops, such as Acetic acid, butyl ester, Toluene, and 2-Butanone. A novel ventilation model using multiple target purification units is proposed to eliminate the pollutants in an aircraft spraying workshop. Compared with the original trench exhaust system, the air volume of the proposed targeted ventilation system is reduced by 75%, and the energy consumption is reduced by 45,000 kW·h per aircraft.

Les ateliers de dessin et de peinture des Clarisses de Mazamet dans la première moitié du XXe siècle

Implantée à Mazamet dans le Tarn dans le dernier quart du XIXe siècle, la communauté des clarisses du monastère Sainte-Claire du Sacré-Cœur se fait connaître dès les premières décennies du XXe siècle pour sa production de textiles sacrés réalisés selon la technique de broderie dite de la peinture à l’aiguille. Le legs du fonds des archives monastiques à l’Association diocésaine d’Albi en 2015, à l’occasion du départ définitif de la communauté, a permis de découvrir un autre pan de l’activité artistique des moniales franciscaines. Dynamisés par des dessinatrices de talent formées aux Beaux-Arts comme la parisienne Thérèse Passard ou la biterroise Mireille Thomas, les ateliers monastiques de dessin et de peinture Saint Gabriel et Saint Raphaël livrent, particulièrement au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle, des pièces variées aux sources d’inspiration multiples. Les religieuses produisent constamment pendant près d’un demi-siècle des cartes de menus, images pieuses, livres d’or et d’hommage, canons d’autel, recueils jubilaires, manuels liturgiques ou portraits à la gouache, à l’aquarelle, au crayon, au pastel ou à l’huile.

Species and characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted from an auto-repair painting workshop

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary pollutant precursors having adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Although VOC emissions, their sources, and impacts have been investigated, the focus has been on large-scale industrial sources or indoor environments; studies on relatively small-scale enterprises (e.g., auto-repair workshops) are lacking. Here, we performed field VOC measurements for an auto-repair painting facility in Korea and analyzed the characteristics of VOCs emitted from the main painting workshop (top coat). The total VOC concentration was 5069–8058 ppb, and 24–35 species were detected. The VOCs were mainly identified as butyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds. VOC characteristics differed depending on the paint type. Butyl acetate had the highest concentration in both water- and oil-based paints; however, its concentration and proportion were higher in the former (3256 ppb, 65.5%) than in the latter (2449 ppb, 31.1%). Comparing VOC concentration before and after passing through adsorption systems, concentrations of most VOCs were lower at the outlets than the inlets of the adsorption systems, but were found to be high at the outlets in some workshops. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing effective VOC control systems and managing VOC emissions from auto-repair painting workshops.

Droplet surface exposure measurement of a large splashing oil fume in the kitchen with a fluorescent 3D microscopic passive testing method

Cooking is a major source of indoor particulate matter, surpassing smoking. Large splashing oil fumes produced by water-oil interactions while cooking have received increasing attention for their common and significant hazards. However, the pollution of large splashing droplets is rather difficult to quantitatively measure with the current techniques. In this study, a fluorescent 3D microscopic passive testing method that is accurate and reliable for large spaces and broad-spectrum droplets is developed by combining fluorescence tracer, passive sampling, microscopic vision and droplet 3D reconstruction technologies. The measurement error for submicron droplets is approximately 22.6%. Because large droplet pollution is not unique to the kitchen, our innovative test method is worthy of reference in many fields, such as cleaning and painting workshops. We tested the surface exposure of a large splashing oil fume of 1–500 μm with this method. The results showed that the particle size of splashing oil droplets presents a bimodal distribution, which matches the two generation mechanisms that have been observed. The surface exposure mass concentration of all droplets of 1–500 μm on the surface at a distance of 0.75 m from the emission source edge is reduced to 3.6% of 0.25 m. Droplets (10–100 μm) are the main pollutants, which have continuous indirect hazards and require more attention.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Employees of Car Refinishing and Painting Workshops in Yazd about Harmful Effects of Heavy Metal on Their health, 2019

Introduction: Heavy metals in chemical paints pollute the environment, including the refineries and painting workshops air, and can damage the workers' health. The level of knowledge and information of the workers in painting workshops with the harms of heavy metals is effective in improving their safety. The present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of activists working in the refining and painting workshop about the damages of heavy metals on their health in Yazd city. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 40 workers in the refining and painting workshop in Yazd city. Demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice of individuals were collected with a 37-item questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by Kolmogorov Smirnov and Spearman tests with SPSS ver 20 statistical software. Results: The mean age of the considering subjects was 41.8 ± 10.43 years, which nearly 90% of the participants in the study had under university education. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of the participants were 1.59 ± 0.38, 2.57 ± 0.41 and 1.89 ± 0.34, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between age and education with the variables of knowledge and attitude (p&gt; 0.05) but There was (p &lt;0.05) a significant and positive correlation between the variables of age (r = 0.555) and work experience (r = 0.542) with the performance of employees, also the familiarity degree of painters with the harms of heavy metals on their health was low. Conclusion: Due to the adverse effects of heavy metals on human health and the low level of awareness, attitude and practice of workers in painting workshops, It is recommended to maintain the workers' health, increase their awareness about the presence of heavy metals, storage these metals in body tissue, and knowledge of their performance to use the personal protective equipment during painting.

Editorial. Conference proceedings of the 1st Biennial International Conference for the Craft Sciences – BICCS 2021

The papers appearing in this issue comprise the proceedings of the 1st Biennial International Conference for the Craft Sciences, held online during 4–6 May 2021, initiated by the Craft Laboratory, affiliated at the Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. The Craft Laboratory was established in 2010 in cooperation with heritage organisations, craft enterprises and trade organisations, to empower craftspeople in the complex processes of making. The comprehensive agenda is to bring research into practice and involve craftspeople in the processes of inquiry. Among the operational tools are Master Classes provided for highly trained professional craftspeople in particular skills. Craft Scholarships are offered to craftspeople to investigate a problem or question in their practice, or develop ideas to improve methods or techniques. The site-specific workshop capacity in Mariestad allows craft researchers to implement research questions in practice and to perform full-scale tests in our masonry, carpentry and painting workshops, as well as in the timber building yard, greenhouses and gardens.

Development of a Wellness Curriculum at a New Regional Campus: A Pilot Study

Background: Burnout is a critical issue that is increasingly prevalent among healthcare professionals. Several studies suggest that the decline in mental health and wellness begins in medical school. As such, medical schools across the United States have started to develop proactive approaches to medical student wellness, often in the form of an organized curriculum focused on resilience, mindfulness, and stress-reduction. There is little research describing the implementation and refinement of a wellness curriculum at a small regional campus of an academic medical center. A regional campus represents a unique opportunity to develop a comprehensive wellness program, because of the flexibility of the curriculum and the small number of students. The Penn State College of Medicine University Park Campus sought to develop a wellness program specific to first year medical students (MS1s) and to create a companion program of inter-professional wellness exercises open to all teaching faculty and learners at our regional campus. Methods: The study was reviewed by the Penn State College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (STUDY00011390) and was granted “Exempt” status. Three components of the wellness curriculum were developed: a mandatory, semester-long curriculum for MS1s focused on professional development, a 10-session Tai Chi class accessible to faculty, staff and students, and a series of watercolor painting workshops accessible to faculty and students. Participants completed pre- and post-surveys to assess these interventions. Results: The participation rate for the optional Tai Chi and watercolor workshops was relatively low, with 20% of students attending. Most participants felt that medical schools should be responsible for offering wellness programs for students. The majority of students wanted optional wellness activities to be available, rather than mandatory sessions. Discussion: The information gathered from this pilot study will be used to develop a formal curriculum that is accessible, helpful, and convenient for all members of the regional campus community. In the future, it will be helpful to conduct a needs assessment to ascertain what kind of wellness offerings will be most successful among students, faculty, and staff of a regional medical campus. Conflicts of Interest: None.