Paint Effluent Research Articles

APPLICATION OF PLANT SEED BIO-COAGULANT IN THE REMEDIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PAINT EFFLUENT

The discharge of industrial effluents into the environment has been a growing concern worldwide due to its adverse impacts on human health and the ecosystem. Paint effluent, in particular, poses a significant threat due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and colour. Conventional methods of treating paint effluent discharge require the use of chemical coagulants, which are expensive, non-sustainable, and can generate hazardous waste. The search for alternative and sustainable methods for treating industrial effluent has led to the exploration of natural coagulants derived from plant sources. One such source is watermelon seeds, which contain significant amounts of proteins that possess coagulating properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential of watermelon seed bio-coagulant (WSB) for the remediation of paint effluent discharge. The effects of the watermelon seed bio-coagulant dosage, pH, and agitation rate on the removal efficiency of the treatment process were evaluated. These results revealed that the bio-coagulant was effective. The optimum coagulant dosage, pH, and agitation rate were found to be 300mg/L,4, and a treatment time of 45 min, respectively, with BOD and COD removal efficiencies of 88.47% and 90.41%, respectively. Statistical optimization of the treatment process was performed using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that the quadratic model developed using RSM was statistically significant with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9958). The analysis also revealed that bio-coagulant dosage and pH are the major factors affecting the efficacy of the treatment process. The optimized conditions led to removal efficiencies of88.95% and 90.61% for BOD and COD, respectively, indicating that watermelon seed bio-coagulant could be an effective and sustainable alternative for treating paint effluent. The results of this study suggest that the use of watermelon seed bio-coagulant is a promising approach for optimizing the paint effluent treatment process. It is a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to conventional coagulants used in wastewater treatment and has demonstrated efficacy in treating industrial wastewater. This study presents a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to the treatment of paint effluent discharge using a natural coagulant derived from a waste product.

Removal of heavy metals from industrial paint effluent using coconut shell-derived activated carbon

This study evaluated the adsorption of heavy metals from paint industry effluent onto activated carbon produced from Coconut shells. The paint effluent samples were characterized before and after treatment via Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to identify the heavy metal ions present in the samples. The adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon and the effect of varying adsorbent particle size, impregnation ratio, and contact time were determined. The activated carbon from coconut shells was characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the surface morphology and surface-active functional group. The SEM revealed development in pore size after adding a chemical activator to create functional adsorption sites. The finding concluded that the smaller particle size of adsorbents, higher surface area, higher contact time, and higher impregnation ratio increase the efficiency of the adsorption process.

Paint effluent treatment through the fenton-type coagulation process with peracetic acid and iron ions

Paint effluent treatment through the fenton-type coagulation process with peracetic acid and iron ions

Potentials of Aquatic Plants in the Treatment of Paint Industry Effluent: A review

Nigeria's population has increased dramatically in recent years, leading to massive urbanization and industrialization with a concomitant increase in environmental pollution. Chemical industries such as the paint industry use large quantities of water in their processes, resulting in the generation and release of a lot of effluent into the environment. These effluents contain suspended solids, pigments, colorants, heavy metals, oil, and grease, which, if not properly managed, could have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the effectiveness of the various conventional methods of treating paint effluent as compared to phytoremediation.

Effect of paint effluent on growth components of two varieties of cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata<i/>)

Effluent from paint production sites contain pollutants that affect the normal growth of plants. In this study two varieties of Vigna unguiculata improved variety (IT99K573-1- ) and local variety (Wake Dan Arba’in) seeds were planted and allowed to grow for 10 weeks using different concentrations of dilution of the effluents from paint production site as means of irrigation namely; 100 % (stock), 75 %, 50 % and 25 % concentrations to ascertain the difference in morphology of the varieties of the cowpea. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the varieties in the morphological parameters such that the treatments from the effluents decrease growth parameters as the concentration increases. The study has shown that paint effluent has contrary effects on the morphology of both the varieties of the cowpea treated. It was revealed that low concentrations; 25 % of paint effluent could be well utilized for agricultural crops so as to reduce the lethality of the pollutants. It may be further concluded that the higher concentration of released paint effluent causes various types of inhibitory effects on the plant growth. It is recommended that elemental and nutrient analysis of Paint effluents in Nigeria should be studied to fully understand its applicability in agriculture.

Microalgae Potentials for Phycoremediation with Paint Effluent of Electroplating Industry

Water pollution is a one of the major environmental issue that the world is facing nowadays. The untreated effluent as well as the chemically treated effluent both results in pollutions. These toxic contaminants directly and indirectly affect the flora and fauna of the ecosystem. The solution for such a drastic environmental issue lies within the cells of one such cosmopolitan plant group namely “Algae”. These are certain algal species which have the inhibit capacity to utilize some of the most threatening environmental contaminants such as nitrogenous compounds, ammonia, phosphates and some of the metal ions so on. Hence, treating the effluent with algae would be an eco-friendly method to reduce pollution. Phycoremediation of effluent using algae is a novel green-technique when applied to aqueous pollution. The present investigation included the preliminary screening of microalgae potentials for their tolerance and growth in paint effluent from an electroplating industry which include the native microalgae isolated from the effluent treatment plant (ETP). The microalgae, such as Chlamydomonas pertusa, Dactylococcopsis raphioides and Chlorococcum humicolo were selected and employed in the treatment of electroplating paint effluent an individually and also as mixed algal group. The physico-chemical parameters were analyzed. The individual culture and the mixed algal culture both could effectively reduce TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), free ammonia, calcium, sodium, nitrate and phosphate. Chlorococcum humicolo had a significant remedial level of Turbidity (20.51%), Calcium (95.76%), Sodium (8.33%), Free ammonia (62.96%), Phosphate (71.29%) and Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (48.23%) treated with paint effluent of electroplating industry among the microalgae. Thus, Chlorococcum humicolo could be selected for further field pilot scaling up study. Phycoremediation is a cost-effective, efficient and a sustainable technology for future clean earth.

Effects of Seasonal Variations on Microorganisms on Paint-Polluted Soil in Nigeria

Adverse impacts of paints effluents from industries improperly disposed into the environment caused pollution, a lot of carcinogenic, mutagenic, physiological alterations resulting in debilitating health effects on humans. The study was aimed at the effects of seasonal variations on soil microorganisms’ dominant at paint effluent disposal sites in lagos. A total of one hundred soil samples each were collected at different seasons of the disposal sites of two paint companies and analysed using standard microbiological methods. Results obtained shows paint effluents caused a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the population of the microbial groups studied in the different seasons. Total heterotrophic bacterial population decreased from 7.7x108±0.19 to 6.4x107±0.01 in the dry season, and 5.3x108±0.08 to 6.5x107±0.15 during the rainy season. A total of eleven bacterial and eight fungal genera were identified. The identified bacterial genera included Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Serratia, Arthrobacter., Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, and Enterobacter. The fungal genera included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhodotorula, Cladosporium, Trichophyton, and Geotricum. The most predominant bacteria and fungi were Bacillus (30.0%) and Pseudomonas (16,7%) species and Aspergillus (38.5%) species respectively. This study has confirmed the presence of different microbial species associated with acrylic paint-impacted sites. It, therefore, suggests that improvement of antimicrobial additives of paints may be a promising approach to reduce contamination.

Degradation of paint and textile industrial effluents by indigenous bacterial isolates

Untreated paint and textile effluents discharged from industries cause serious environmental threats to fauna and flora. This study thus, investigated the potential of different indigenous bacterial cells for the degradation of paint and textile effluents. Paint and textile effluents samples were aseptically collected from paint and textile industries. Physical, chemical, heavy metals properties and microbial load of the effluent were investigated using standard methods. Enrichment, Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were determined using the standard microbiological methods. Screening of paint and textile effluents degraders was carried out using solid phase screening method. Degradation of paint and textile effluents were determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and spectrophotometrically. Results revealed that among the heavy metals analyzed, lead from paint effluent had highest value of 5.49 ± 1.2 mg/L. All the samples collected were turbid with highest and lowest values of 865 ± 1.3 and 514 ± 2.5 (NTU) from paint effluent samples. Paint effluent also recorded highest bacterial count of 6.85 ± 1.13 CFU/ml while paint sludge had the lowest count of 1.16 ± 0. 15 CFU/g. Forty-seven bacterial isolates were obtained from the paint and textile effluents samples. Screening of the 47 isolates showed that 21 isolates possessed the ability to grow on agar plates amended with paints and textile dyes. Out of the 21 positive isolates, 12 isolates were obtained from paint samples while nine isolates were recovered from the textile samples. Highest degradation activity was recorded by Bacillus subtilis (94.37% ±5.35) obtained from textile effluent sample while Micrococcus sp (46.55% ±8.30) from paint polluted soil sample had the lowest degradation activity. FTIR analysis showed the transformation and disappearance of peaks in the treated paint and textile effluents by Bacillus subtilis. This study revealed the ability and effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis in the removal of toxic materials in paint and textile effluents, thus could be applied for industrial use.

ASSESSMENT OF PAINT-PIGMENT DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS FROM PAINT INDUSTRIES EFFLUENT-CONTAMINATED SITES IN ABA, SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA

The potential of microorganisms isolated from paint industry effluent-polluted soils to degrade the constituents of the effluents and contaminant removal efficiency after the remediation period were evaluated. Samples were collected from six different paint industries in Aba. Samples from the various paint industries reveals sample F showed the highest bacterial plate counts of 6.21±0.20 x 104cfu/g while samples B and D had the least bacterial counts of 1.30±0.20 x 104cfu/g and 1.30±0.31 x 104cfu/g respectively. The fungal counts of the polluted soils indicates sample D as having the highest count of 2.30±0.24 x 104cfu/g while sample A had the least count of 1.00±0.30 x104cfu/g. Total Paint Utilizing Fungal (TPUF) counts ranges from 1.23±0.02 x 104cfu/g to 3.45±0.10 x 104cfu/g and showed a significant difference between sample C and the control (p<0.05). The bacterial isolates from the contaminated soil include Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Providencia rettgeri, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. while the fungal isolates include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula species, Rhizopus species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillum notatum. The counts of actual paint utilizing fungi were relatively lower than the heterotrophic groups. The paint degrading microorganisms isolated from the paint industry effluent polluted soils include paint effluent bacterial degraders: Pseudomonas spp. (33.3%), Escherichia coli(33.3%),, Citrobacter spp. (25%), Klebsiella spp.(25%), Proteus spp.(25%), Enterobacter spp.(12.5%). and Providencia rettgeri(12.5%), While the fungal paint effluent degraders include Geotrichum candidum(33.3%), Pichia kudriavzevii(33.3%), Fusarium sp.(25%), Aspergillus niger(25%), Penicillium funiculosum(25%) and Mucor sp.(12.5%). Geotrichum candidum strain GAD1 (MN63874.1) and Pichia kudriavzevii strain (MK811096.1) showed highest degrees of growth indicated by high turbidities during the screening test. This study showed that majority of the Indigenous organisms has the ability to utilize paints as their sole carbon source hence are the major bioremediating agents in the sampling areas.

REMEDIATION POTENTIALS OF WHEAT-BRAN AND WOOD-CHIPS ON EFFLUENT CONTAMINATED SOILS FROM PAINT INDUSTRIES IN ABA, ABIA STATE NIGERIA

The remediation potentials of wheat bran and wood chips as Bulking-agents on paint effluent-Polluted Soils was evaluated. Different concentrations of bulking agents (10%, 30%, and 50%) were introduced into soils polluted with effluents and the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the soils were monitored for a period of 24 weeks. The Mean Heterotrophic Count (THC) of the Bacterial and fungal Isolates from the Paint effluents indicates that the effluents from sample F showed the highest bacterial count of 6.66±2.51 x 104cfu/ml, while sample B exhibited the least bacterial counts of 1.7±2.00x104 cfu/ml. Sample B showed the highest fungal count of 7.5±0.21 x104 cfu/ml while sample E showed the least count of 5.7±12.10x104 cfu/ml. The microorganisms isolated from the paint industry effluents include species of Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum and Geotrichum. Bacterial and fungal counts shows wood chips contain of 3.20x104cfu/g and 1.58x104cfu/g respectively while Wheat bran contains 3.47x104cfu/g and 1.77x104cfu/grespectively. Fungal isolates from the bulking agents include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula species, Rhizopus species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillum notatum. The Bacterial and fungal counts of the paint-effluent polluted soil mixed with bulking agents over a 6-month remediation period increased progressively from the 1st week to the week 8, after which there was a decline from week 9 down. The polluted soil without amendment presented a slight increase in microbial growth. Higher microbial growth rates were manifested by the 50% amended option, followed by 30%, 10% and then the control. The Total Heterotrophic Bacteria isolated from the polluted soil amended with bulking agents include Pseudomonas putida, Serratia spp., Flavobacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Arthrobacter spp. The Mean Physicochemical properties of the paint-effluent polluted soil mixed with bulking agents over the 24 weeks remediation reveals the pH ranges from 6.60±0.10 to 7.54±0.09 for the paint effluent polluted soil amended with a combination of the bulking agents. The concentrations of zinc, total nitrogen, total organic carbon and electrical conductivity levels had significant statistical difference across the samples through the period of remediation at p< 0.05. Germination test reveals growth of the bean seeds (Vicia faba) after 6 days of planting but significantly in the 50% treatment samples. The study however, demonstrates that paint effluent polluted soils treated with combination of bulking agents mainly at 50% amendment concentration reduces the toxicity of pollutants and increase the percentage of germination.

Comparative studies of response surface modeling and Plackett-Burman optimization of particles removal from paint industrial wastewater using modified Aguleri montmorillonite clay

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) based on a statistically designed experiment (CCD) and Placket-Burman design was used as tools for simulation and optimization of particles removal from paint effluent using coagulation method. The studied input variables were dosage, time and temperature. The un-modified montmorillonite clay (UC) and modified montmorillonite clay (MMC) were characterized for elemental/structural elucidation using XRF, FTIR and SEM techniques and the results indicate that UC is rich in silicion (Si) followed by aluminum (AL) and ferrous (Fe). The acid modification confers on MMC net positive charges, making these useful as coagulants. The RSM optimization revealed that 91.9% particles removal can be achieved at 3 g/L, 38 min and 37 °C, while PBD shows that optimal particles removal of 86.4% is possible at 1 g of MMC, 30min and 45oC. Experimental validated of RSM result (89.8% particles removal) correlated with the model predicted value. The results obtained indicate that MMC can be very effective in removal of particles from paint wastewater. In addition, RSM is a better optimization tool than PBD.

Mercenaria mercenaria shell: Coagulation-flocculation studies on colour removal by response surface methodology and nephlometric kinetics of an industrial effluent

A paint effluent was purified using coagulants derived from Mercenaria mercenaria (MM) by the Box Behnken design and the kinetic studies suggests a second order process. MM capably removes 76.6% colour and MMM 84.6% of colour both after 20 min. Carr’s index and surface area values 12.065 and 55.0 m2g−1 for MM improved respectively to 11.102 and 64 m2g−1 for MMM and account for the improved performance due to modification. Second order kinetic model of coagulation-flocculation process fitted better paint effluent treated data for studied coagulants.

RSM and ANN-GA modeling of colloidal particles removal from paint wastewater via coagulation method using modified Aguleri montmorillonite clay

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) based on statistically designed experiments (CCD) were used as tools for simulation and optimization of total dissolved and suspended particles (TDSP)(colloidal particles) removal from paint effluent using coagulation method. A feed forward neural network model with Levenberg - Marquard (LM) back propagating training algorithm was adapted to predict the response (TDSP). The studied input variables were dosage, time and temperature. The raw montmorillonite clay (RMC) and modified montmorillonite (MMC) clay were characterized for elemental/structural elucidation using XRF, FTIR and SEM techniques and the result indicates that RMC is predominantly sodium montmorillonite. The performance of the ANN and RSM model showed adequate prediction of the response with R2 of 0.9504 and 0.9403, respectively. The RSM model predicted an optimal TDSP removal efficiency of 91.9% at 3 ​g/L, 38 ​min and 37 ​°C and validated experimentally as 89.8%. The artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) predicted optimal TDSP removal of 90% at 3 ​g/L, 25 ​min and 30 ​°C and validated as 90.6%. The results obtained indicate that the ANN-GA was a better and more effective optimization tool than RSM in consideration of its higher R2.

Turbidimetric study for the decontamination of paint effluent (PE) using mucuna seed coagulant (MSC): Statistical design and coag-flocculation modelling

Recently, advances on the usage of natural coagulants in the coag-flocculation process have attracted increasing interest. Previous research has shown that natural coagulant could enhance the coag-flocculation performance. In this study, the performance of mucuna seed coagulant (MSC) an extract from mucuna seed (MS) for the removal of particle load from paint effluent (PE) was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) via center composite design (CCD) was used to optimize three operating variables of coag-flocculation process including biocoagulant dosage, time and temperature while treatment efficiency was determined by measuring particle load removal. Furthermore, the mechanism of coag-flocculation was modelled using adsorption isotherm. The morphological and structural results depict MSC to be a compact network with rounded protrusion which is an indication of good coag-flocculation performance. The optimum dosage, time and temperature were found to be 2 g/L, 20 min, and 318 K, respectively. MSC showed optimal particle load removal efficiency of 89.54%. The particle load removal isotherm model followed the Langmuir model. Therefore, it can be inferred from the study that MSC can be used effectively in coag-flocculation for removal of particle load from paint effluent (PE).

Process evaluation study on the removal of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions from an industrial paint effluent using kola nut pod as an adsorbent

This study established the efficiency of a fixed bed column in the removal of Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions from an industrial paint effluent. The kola nut pod was characterized to identify functional groups, morphology, and porosity nature of the adsorbent. The appearance and shifts of some peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed amide, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a non-cellulosic morphology with clear pore structure; the BET analysis gave a surface area and pore volume values of 225.0 m2/g and 0.03949 cm3/g, respectively. Surface area and pore volume of the loaded adsorbent decreased by 37.87 and 98.66%, respectively. Deposition and coverage of adsorptive sites were observed on the loaded adsorbent from the SEM results. Raw effluent from paint production industry was analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained indicated the presence of Ni(II) and Cu(II) at concentrations of 5.3747 mg/L and 35.6636 mg/L, respectively, among other heavy metals. Optimum values for an efficient column parametric study were obtained at a bed height of 10.0 cm, flow rate of 5.0 mL/min and at their respective initial concentrations. The percentage removal for Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions were 29.35 and 93.9%, respectively, with corresponding adsorption capacity of 12.841 and 6.100 mg/g. The range of values of the error functions obtained from the analysis on Thomas model for adsorption of both copper and nickel ions are SSE values range 0.0053–0.0928 and 0.0044–0.7491, HYBRID values of 0.0143–1.0999 and 0.0057–9.7006, MPSD values of 0.5193–5.4680 and 0.2260–30.0215 and R 2 values of 0.2720–0.8027 and 0.0008–0.5866, respectively. The kinetic isotherms revealed that the Thomas gave the lowest error between calculated and experimental values, coefficient of determination and thus can be used in describing the behavior of the adsorption process.

Culture-dependent to culture-independent approaches for the bioremediation of paints: a review

Environmental pollution by paint effluents is a public health threat, distressing total biodiversity and environment. Environmental treatment options like bioremediation mediated by microorganisms is still developing and is considered as a modern approach for the environmentalists worldwide. Thus present review was sought to explore the culture-dependent (isolation) to culture-independent (multi-omics) approaches for the bioremediation of paints. Bioremediation is once considered as safe, reliable and eco-friendly yet facing challenges. Microbes exhibiting bioremediation potential were screened and characterized but, in most of the studies, cannot completely utilize the targeted pollutant or were unsuccessful against pollutant at in situ settings. Thereafter, consortia studies were conducted and found that microbial performance remained excellent in synergistic while negligible in antagonistic association. Consortia studies were most frequently carried out using bacteria while few studies were conducted on the fungi alone and their association with bacteria. Moreover, the combined strategies of consortia, genes and enzymes were also elucidated and later the genetically modified microbes were also tested for in situ cleanup. Nowadays, metagenomics approaches which reveal the functional gene information of microbes derived from the DNA of microbiome with different physiological states were studied for environmental cleanup. At present from the literature insight, it is predicted that the bioremediation future lies in the understanding of metaphenome (product of metagenome and available resources).

In-situ ultrasound-assisted control of polymeric membrane fouling

Membrane separation processes have been more widely applied to industrial activities, especially in water and wastewater treatment. However, there are still challenges associated with the use of membranes. Concentration polarization and fouling can cause significant permeate flux decay during the filtration process, hindering its efficiency and increasing cost. Among many strategies, the combination of membrane filtration with ultrasound (US) application has shown promising results in reducing membrane fouling. The main goal of this research was to identify the effect of US frequency, US power intensity and feed solid concentration on permeate flux during ultrafiltration of simulated latex paint effluent. Maximum increase in permeate flux of 19.7% was obtained by applying 20 kHz and 0.29 W cm−2 to a feed solution containing 0.075 wt% of solid. Overall, the application of US improves permeate flux by reducing fouling of ultrafiltration polymeric membrane.

Effect of Industrial Paints Effluent on Water Quality and Fungi Associated with Clarias Gariepinus

The paint effluent was collected directly from one paint industry in Lagos from the releasing tank into a sterile bottle, and was transported with the use of ice pack to the laboratory to prevent contamination. Paint effluents contain a complex mixture of chemicals which may have potential threats to biota. The present study was carried out to assess the potential impacts of paint effluents entering the aquatic environment. The concentration of the toxicant was varied into 1.25mls/l, 2.50mls/l, 3.75mls/l, 5.0mls/l and 6.25mls/l into the separate tanks to pollute Claris garipenius. The heavy metals present in the paint effluent were lead (0.34±0.01ppm) and zinc (1.20±0.01 ppm). The volume of water used was 20 litres in the aquaria and concentration of the toxicant was varied into 1.25mls/l, 2.50mls/l, 3.75mls/l, 5.0mls/l and 6.25mls/l into the separate tanks containing the fish. Differences were observed in pH and the BOD5 of the fish water which were monitored for 96hours. There were increases in the fungal population with increase in the treatments of the pollutant. Fungi were isolated from the polluted fish aquaria and parts of the harvested fish. The fungi isolated include; Penicillium italicum, Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullans, Articolospora inflata, Trichosporon sp, Mucor mucedo Rhodotorula rubra Rhizopus stolonifer Candida albicans. The fish water affect the pH, BOD5, fungal loads, fungal types, leads to bioaccumulation of heavy metals in catfish. The overall result of the research requires that care should be taken in discharging the effluent into the water bodies so as to minimise its impact on aquatic organisms.

Water Quality Contamination and Mortality of African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Exposed to Paint Effluents

Water Quality Contamination and Mortality of African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Exposed to Paint Effluents

Assessment of Physico-chemical Parameter of Saclux Paint Industrial Effluent on Nkoho River Sediments of Abia State, Nigeria

Heavy metals are easily adsorbed to sediments, which can act as a sink and secondary source of these contaminants in water and aquatic biota. The study aimed to assess the potential impact of industrial effluents from Saclux Paint Industry on the recipient sediment quality of Nkoho River in Abia state. Samples were taken at the effluent discharged point, upstream and downstream of the discharge point and geo-referenced using Garmin 76CSx Global Positioning system (GPS). Results of the heavy metal concentration of the receiving water body were compared with that of the effluent. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu)) in the sediment and effluent were estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that Lead was higher (0.15 – 0.23 mg/kg) in the polluted water sediments than in the control water sediment (0.12 – 0.17 mg/l). In all, Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) had values which were higher in the corresponding sediments.. The resulting data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and it shows that there were variations in the quality characteristics of the effluent in the different sampling time (September, October and November) as well as in the quality characteristics of the river water samples at the different sampling points, the paint effluent showed significant variations in its quality over time. In conclusion, it was observed that the poor quality of the water occasioned by the further deterioration by the entrance of the paint industry effluents, confer potentials of health hazards to users of the water.