Pain In Young People Research Articles

Does sedentary behaviour cause spinal pain in children and adolescents? A systematic review with meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether sedentary behaviour is a risk or prognostic factor for spinal pain in children and adolescents. Specifically, to estimate the (1) direction and strength of the association; (2)...

Association Between Pain and Bullying in Australian Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data From the Australian Child Wellbeing Project

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the frequency, and the strength of the association, between bullying and pain in Australian schoolchildren. MethodsWe used nationally representative data from the 2014 Australian Child Wellbeing Project, comprised students aged 8 to 14 years from 180 schools. Weighted, multiple logistic regression models (adjusting for sex and school year) were constructed to quantify the association between weekly or more frequent bullying and weekly or more frequent pain. Estimates of association for the relationship between bullying and pain were reported as odds ratios (OR). ResultsThe sample was comprised of 5,440 schoolchildren (51.9% female). The prevalence rates of weekly or more frequent pain in the sample were headache (32.3%), backache (23.5%), and stomach ache (21.7%). Between 4.3% and 7.9% of participants reported weekly or more frequent bullying. In schoolchildren reporting bullying, the prevalence of pain ranged from 43.1% to 64.3%. Logistic regression modeling showed moderate-to-strong positive associations (OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.8-2.5] to 4.5 [95% CI, 3.7-5.6]) between the experiences of schoolchildren reporting any bullying type and any pain type. ConclusionAustralian schoolchildren who reported bullying were more likely to experience headache, stomach ache, and backache. The moderate-to-strong positive association is consistent with previous international studies that have examined the association between bullying and pain in young people. These findings have significant implications for clinicians who provide care for young people, as well as educators and healthcare policymakers, highlighting the important role of coexisting psychosocial factors in the management of adolescents who report pain.

The association between bullying victimization and back pain in young people: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Abstract Back pain is a common and recurrent health complaint in adolescence. Psychosocial factors may be associated with the onset and persistence of back pain symptoms. This systematic review aims to determine the association between bullying victimization and back pain in young people. Observational studies that quantified the association between bullying victimization and back pain in participants were included in this systematic review. Estimates of associations and confidence intervals were extracted. A random effects meta-analysis of estimates of association was performed. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Database searches yielded 18,311 citations. Nineteen studies (n = 212,058, 51.4% female) were included in our review. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between bullying victimization and back pain (odds ratio 1.93, confidence interval 1.75-2.13). Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant effect of sex, age, bullying type, pain type, recall periods, bullying frequency, back pain frequency, risk estimate adjustment, and study critical appraisal rating. All studies were rated at moderate-high risk of bias. Our synthesis of evidence found a weak-moderate association between bullying victimization and back pain in young people. Methodological shortcomings and heterogeneity in the field limit causal inference. Future longitudinal studies are required.

P095 Association between autism and chronic musculoskeletal pain; a single tertiary adolescent rheumatology centre experience

Abstract Background/Aims Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder and can present with atypical sensorimotor function and altered pain response. Evidence suggests that patients with autism have a different processing mechanism which can alter pain perception. Pain evaluation and management is often insufficient in patients with autism. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in adolescents is common and is frequently associated with other co-morbidities. The adolescent musculoskeletal pain service at University College London Hospital uses a multidisciplinary approach to provide treatment and ongoing support for young people with chronic musculoskeletal pain up to the age of 19 years, bridging significant and often stressful life events such as exams and moving away from home. Methods A retrospective review of patient records was conducted between October 2021 and October 2023. New patients attending the adolescent chronic musculoskeletal pain clinic at University College London Hospital were identified and the prevalence of autism was noted. The presence of other co-morbidities and symptoms was also recorded. Statistical analysis was undertaken using GraphPad Prism (Fisher’s exact test) to determine any differences between patients with and without a diagnosis of autism. Results Retrospective data was obtained on 82 new patients aged between 13 and 18 years seen in the adolescent chronic musculoskeletal pain clinic. 28 patients (34%) had a diagnosis of autism. A higher proportion of autistic patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain were male compared to those without autism (36% vs 11%, p = 0.016). More patients with autism reported co-existing mental health difficulties, especially anxiety and depression (68% vs 37%, p = 0.011). Conversely, patients without autism reported a higher incidence of postural orthostatic tachycardia symptoms (POTS) or symptoms of postural dizziness (57% vs 25%, p = 0.009). Other co-morbidities and symptoms were found to be similar between patients with and without autism (headaches 18% vs 39%, abdominal pain 36% vs 54%, fatigue 61% vs 46%, sleep difficulties 68% vs 54%, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 18% vs 9%). Conclusion This small retrospective study demonstrates that over a third of new patients seen in the adolescent chronic musculoskeletal pain service are autistic. This suggests a possible link between autism and chronic pain but more research is needed to evaluate this and larger studies are required. Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and autism were more likely to be male and have mental health difficulties compared to those without autism. The high incidence of mental health difficulties highlights the need for multidisciplinary team working, in particular psychological support. The results of this study have important implications for training and suggest that novel treatment strategies are needed to help advance therapies for chronic musculoskeletal pain in young people with autism. Disclosure E. Williams: None. S. Mavrommatis: None. J. Glanville: None. M. Leandro: None. D. Sen: None. C. Fisher: None.

Back pain in young people: approaches to diagnosis and treatment

Back pain in young people (14–35 years old) may have causes rooted in adolescence or even earlier childhood. Diagnosis in this case can present considerable difficulties for a therapist and general practitioner, since “nonspecific back pain” may hide pathological conditions inherent in childhood. The degree of compensation for scoliosis, hereditary abnormalities in the development of the spine, the severity of early degenerative processes, and metabolic diseases of the skeleton that were not identified during school years determine a non-standard scope of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for the doctor. These include collecting a family history and screening the patient for the presence of inflammatory back pain according to the 2009 ASAS criteria, a survey on the hospital anxiety and depression scale, a morphometric assessment of the stigma of dysembryogenesis and an assessment of hypermobility syndrome, advanced laboratory diagnostics with determination of indicators of mineral-calcium metabolism, X-ray diagnostics with functional tests, the use of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the spine in the absence of radicular symptoms. The patient’s active involvement in non-drug restorative treatment significantly improves his prognosis, and pharmacological support should have a health-saving direction and consider the presence of low-intensity inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease. The choice of therapy for a reproductively active cohort of patients is made in favor of drugs with the maximum safety profile, which include, among others, selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Genetic risk factors of chronic musculoskeletal back pain in young people

Introduction. In recent years, progress in understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying susceptibility to degenerative spinal pathology has been achieved due to advances in molecular genetics.Objective: conduct a comparative analysis of the genotypes and alleles frequencies of type I collagen genes (COL1A1 C-1997A (rs110946) A > C, COL1A1 G-1245T (rs1800012) G > T) and vitamin D receptor (VDR: 283 (Bsml) A > G) in young patients with chronic musculoskeletal back pain.Material and methods. The main group consisted of 70 patients (39 women and 31 men, average age 40 [38; 43] years) with chronic (more than 3 months) musculoskeletal back pain. The control group consisted of 16 healthy individuals (8 women and 8 men, average age 35 [31; 40] years). Determination of the VDR: 238 (Bsml) gene polymorphism was carried out in real time by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method on a DT-light amplifier (DNA-Technology, Russia) using reagent kits “Genetics of calcium metabolism” (DNA-Technology, Russia). Determination of collagen gene polymorphisms was carried out by PCR on a Real-time CFX96 Touch amplifier (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) using reagent kits produced by Synthol (Russia). Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the SPSS Statistics 19 software package. An allele frequency was calculated by using the formula f = n/2N, the genotypes frequency — by using the formula f = n/N (where N is the sample size, n is the prevalence of variants). The statistical significance of allele and genotype frequencies was assessed using the ꭓ2 criterion. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) to assess the relative risk and its 95% confidence interval (CI): OR = DE/HE/DNE/HNE, where DE and HE are the number of patients in the main and control groups with the risk factor, DNE and HNE — the number of patients without a risk factor.Results. Patients with chronic musculoskeletal back pain differed from the healthy individuals in a higher incidence of fl at feet (p = 0.022), spinal scoliosis (p = 0.005), increased fragility of the nail plate (р = 0.000) and myopia (p = 0.25). It has been established that chronic musculoskeletal back pain in young patients is genetically related to the A allele of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR: 283 (Bsml)) (χ2 = 6.779; p = 0.020; OR = 4.308; 95% CI [1.363; 13.616]).Conclusions. The presence of the A allele of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR: 283 (Bsml)) in young patients is associated with a genetically determined higher susceptibility to the development of musculoskeletal back pain.

Factors Contributing to the Link between Physical Well-Being and Chronic Pain in Young People from Galicia, Northwest Spain.

Introduction: The relation between physical well-being and chronic pain is complex and involves several subjective and objective covariates. We aimed to assess the role of mediator, confounder, or interactor played by covariates, including sleep quality, physical activity, perceived stress, smoking, and alcohol drinking in the relation between physical well-being and chronic pain. Method: We used Poisson regression to obtain incidence rate ratios (IRR) of the association between physical well-being and chronic pain in a cohort study carried out among university students. We applied General Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) to assess mediation and stratum-specific analyses to distinguish confounding from interaction. We computed Relative Excess Risks due to Interaction (RERI), Attributable Proportion (AP), and the Synergy index (S) to measure additive interaction. Results: High physical well-being is related to a large decrease in the risk of chronic pain (IRRTotal Effect = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.50-0.81). Perceived stress mediates 12.5% of the total effect of physical well-being on chronic pain. The stratum-specific IRRs of current smokers and non-current smokers were different from each other and were larger than the crude IRR (IRR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24-1.80), which indicates that smoking could be both confounder and interactor. Interaction analyses showed that physical activity could act as a potential interactor (RERI = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.60). Conclusions: Perceived stress is an important mediator of the relation between physical well-being and chronic pain, while smoking is both a confounder and an interactor. Our findings may prove useful in distinguishing high-risk groups from low-risk groups, in the interventions aimed at reducing chronic pain.

A critical analysis of online social support for young people experiencing chronic pain

ABSTRACT Objective Chronic pain is a prevalent and costly public health problem for young people. The associated physical, psychosocial, and psychological burdens, including higher degrees of social isolation, are well documented. Pathways to receive and offer support can be found with online social support (OSS). Research indicates OSS features impact the frequency of use, reach, safety and overall experience for the user. Methods We conducted a rigorous internet search to identify and appraise the available English-language OSS worldwide for young people with chronic pain. Through Google, two complementary search strategies were used to identify the available OSS. The general characteristics and features of the available OSS were then extracted. Results The search strategies produced a total yield of 1319 websites of which 11 OSS websites were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Characteristics of OSS varied significantly, such as moderation, site access requirements and safeguarding features. Only two of the OSS sites, both being affiliated with a hospital, offered all of the features suggested by the literature to mitigate the potential for harm. Conclusions Despite the prevalence of chronic pain in young people and clear benefits to utilise support online, there is a paucity of available high-quality OSS available for access and support. When young people do go online with the hope to receive support, a safe space to share experiences may not be easily found. It appears an important opportunity is being missed for this group to foster social connections that may be unavailable offline.

The Treatment of Pediatric Pain in Spain: A Survey Study.

Pain is a common experience among children and adolescents, and pain management in this population is a challenge to clinicians. The aims of this study were to increase our understanding of current practices in the management of both acute and chronic pediatric pain in Spain, explore potential barriers to ideal practices, and identify professional needs as perceived by healthcare professionals. A total of 277 healthcare professionals took part, all of whom had wide experience in managing children and adolescents with pain (M [SD] age = 44.85, [10.73]; 75% women). Participants had to respond to a web-based survey with 50 questions related to pain education, organizational characteristics of their pain programs (including the characteristics of the patients treated), and current practices in the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with pain. Almost all the participants (93%) acknowledged important gaps in their training, and only 47% reported that they had received specific education on the management of pediatric pain during their undergraduate and postgraduate studies. A third (31%) were members of multidisciplinary teams, and almost all (99%) understood that protocols to guide the management of pain in young people were necessary. However, only a few of them used a protocol to assess and treat (56% and 48%, respectively) acute and chronic pain (24% and 23%, respectively). The data also showed that a lack of pain education, coordination of professionals, and guidelines was perceived as an important barrier in the care provided to children and adolescents with pain in Spain. The findings of this study can now be used by healthcare professionals in Spain interested in managing pediatric pain, as well as policymakers concerned to improve the education of professionals and the care given to young people with pain.

Back pain in young people: algorithm of management in practice of primary physician

Back pain (BP) is a major public health problem worldwide with high prevalence and disability. In most cases are associated with degenerative spinal disease (degenerative disc disease, DDD), myofascial syndrome, facet joint syndrome, spinal spondylosis, scoliotic deformation, sacroilial joint dysfunction, lumbar stenosis and other causes. The article describes the basics of the doctor’s approach to the diagnosis of back pain, describes the main strategies of patients routing. The algorithm proposed here includes detection of dangerous conditions, verification of inflammatory rhythm of BP according to criteria ASAS 2009, revealing of persistent phenotype of the lower back pain, stratifying patients for the risk of chronic lower back pain StarT Back in mechanical rhythm; multidisciplinary approach with inclusion of the rheumatologist in specialists team, and after initial consultation the therapist gives direction to the rheumatologist, if necessary. A therapist who treats a patient with persistent BS and a high risk of chronization without symptoms of “red flags” should prescribe an magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. The detection of total lesion of the vertebral motor segments in the case of severe back pain is the basis for the diagnosis of spinal osteoarthritis and subsequent prescription of non-medicamentous and pharmacological therapy, including SYSADOA, in particular Alflutop. The developed algorithm allows to quickly diagnose spinal osteoarthritis at a young age and to suspect axial spondylitis. Presented triad of MR-traits associated with persistent phenotype pain, which will help the therapist to establish the diagnosis of spinal osteoarthritis. The algorithm clearly describes the routing of patients to related specialists (rheumatologist, neurologist, etc.) according to the identified data.

Predicting the risk of non-specific low back pain in the young population: development and assessment of a new predictive nomogram.

Non-specific low back pain is a common disorder that affects more than 80% of the world's population. But the potential risk factors remain unclear. The aim of this study is to develop a nomogram for the risk prediction of low back pain in young population. A total of 264 young participants (18-45 years old) were recruited and randomly divided into a training set (n=188) and a validation set (n=76) by a ratio of 7:3. The nomogram was developed based on the training set. The independent predictors of low back pain were identified by LASSO and logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was developed according to the predictors. To assess the reliability of the nomogram, the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied. The validation set was used to validate the results. Sixteen factors were included in the characteristics of the eligible subjects. LASSO showed that five independent predictors including working posture, exercising hours per week, Tuffier's line, six lumbar vertebrae anomaly, and lumbar lordosis angle were the independent risk factors of low back pain in young population, which were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis and were used to establish the nomogram. The AUC values of the nomogram were 0.867 (95% CI: 0.809-0.924) and 0.868 (95% CI: 0.775-0.961) in the training and validation set, respectively. The calibration curve revealed that the prediction model of the nomogram was greatly consistent with the actual observation. In addition, the DCA indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Working posture, exercising hours per week, Tuffier's line, six lumbar vertebrae anomaly, and lumbar lordosis angle are identified as independent predictors of non-specific low back pain in young population. And the nomogram based on the above five predictors can accurately predict the risk of low back pain in young people.

Cytokines and neoangiogenesis parameters in young patients with acute discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy

Introduction. Discogenic lumbosacral pain in young people has a complex and multicomponent pathogenesis. Evidence of the content of cytokines and neoangiogenesis factors in patients with acute discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy are deficiency and often contradictory. Objective: to evaluate the cytokine and neoangiogenesis parameters in the blood of young patients with acute discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy.Materials and methods. The study involved 49 patients (27 (55.1%) men and 22 (44.9%) women) with a mean age of 36 [27; 45] years with acute lumbosacral pain caused by degenerative changes in the spine and signs of compression of the spinal nerves, according to MRI. The control group consisted of 17 healthy individuals (10 (58.8%) men and 7 (41.2%) women) with a mean age of 33 [25; 41] years. The level of C-reactive protein was measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer Konelab 30Iprime (ThermoFisher, Finland). The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in blood were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a plate ELISA analyzer Real-best (Russia) using reagent kits Cloud-Clone Corp. (USA, China).Results. Patients with acute discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy, compared with the control group, has an increase in the levels of C-reactive protein (11.2 [7.1; 15.3] vs. 4.2 [3.5; 4.9] mg/ml; р = 0.011), TNF-α (23.1 [16.8; 29.5] vs. 9.7 [6.9; 12,5] pg/ml; р = 0.001), IL-1β (4.7 [3.1; 6.3] vs. 3.2 [2.3; 4.1] pg/ml; р = 0.041), IL-6 (11.2 [6.1; 16.3] vs. 4.5 [3.1; 5.9] pg/ml; р = 0.007), IL-8 (30. [21.9; 48.8] vs. 20.5 [8.5; 32.6] pg/ml; р = 0.023) and VEGF-A (318 [260; 570] vs.168 [100; 240] pg/ml; р = 0.002).Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the importance of pro-inflammatory factors and indicators of neoangiogenesis in the development of acute discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy in young patients.

Commentary on "Chronic Pain in Young People With Cerebral Palsy: Activity Limitations and Coping Strategies".

Commentary on "Chronic Pain in Young People With Cerebral Palsy: Activity Limitations and Coping Strategies".

Chronic Pain in Young People With Cerebral Palsy: Activity Limitations and Coping Strategies.

To describe the effect of chronic pain on the activities of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, to describe coping strategies, and to examine associations between effect of pain on activities, coping strategies, and level of pain. Using an online survey, 27, 8- to 18-year-olds with cerebral palsy and chronic pain or their parents reported pain intensity, distribution, activity limitations (using the Child Activity Limitations Interview-21), and coping strategies (using the Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory). Pain intensity ranged from 3 to 10, and 89% reported pain in multiple areas, principally the lower limbs. Individuals reporting higher pain intensity had more activity limitations and were more likely to use catastrophizing coping strategies. Coping strategies may be an important mediator between pain and its effect on activities in children with cerebral palsy. Individualized pain management should be based on routine pain assessment.

Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica in a Case of Undiagnosed Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Neuro-Rheumatological Conundrum

Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica in a Case of Undiagnosed Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Neuro-Rheumatological Conundrum

The Relationship between Low Back Pain and Sport Practice in Young People

The purpose of the present study is to analyse the incidence of back pain in young people aged 10–12, considering participation in sport, the type of sport practised, the frequency of practice and the possible differences between genders.
 The study covered 2,270 students (1,214 boys and 1,056 girls) aged 10–12 in Majorca. The sample was selected from different clusters (schools) by means of convenience sampling. The questionnaire and data collection method were validated beforehand through test-retest.
 The results obtained show that the incidence of back pain reaches 38.3% (34.5% for boys and 42.8% for girls). There were significant relationships between back pain and sport practice, a positive one in boys and a negative one in girls, which can be explained by the fact that the two groups practised different sports. The highest incidence of back pain was detected among children who practised volleyball, gymnastics and swimming for over 4 hours a week, as well as among those who practised rhythmic gymnastics.
 Based on the results obtained, the study suggests that back pain is a malaise affecting the young population, especially females, in a considerable way, and that the type of sport as well as the frequency of practice determined whether a given sport can be a risk factor associated with back pain.

B-mode ultrasonography of herniated cervical discs in young people

The aim: to evaluate the possibilities of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of herniated cervical intervertebral discs in young people.
 Material and methods: an analysis of the results of USG in 29 patients with cervical IVD hernia revealed by MRI from 123 patients aged 18–44 years, with complaints of neck pain of varying intensity, duration, and irradiation. 23 (79.3 %) patients had clinical signs of cervical radiculopathy. The results of the ultrasonography (USG) were compared with MRI. USG was conducted on a Philips HD 11XE scanner using a 4–9 MHz frequency transducer; MRI – General Electric, Signa HDI, 1.5T.
 Results: in 13 (44.8±9.2 %) cases the hernia was registered in the C5-C6 disk, in 12 (41.4±9.0 %) – in the C4-C5 disk, in 2 (6.9±4.7 %) – in the disk C3-C4 and in 2 (6.9±4.7 %) – in the disk C6-C7. In discs C5-C6 and C4-C5 hernia was formed significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.001) more often than in discs C2-C3 and C6-C7. Paramedian hernia was diagnosed in 13 (44.8±9.2 %) cases, posterior – in 12 (41.4±9.1 %), median – in 4 (13.8±6.4 %). Paramedian and posterolateral hernias were registered significantly more often than median (p<0.01 and p<0.05).
 Conclusions: A direct sign of a herniated cervical intervertebral disc is its uneven protrusion with a discontinuous image of the fibrous ring into the lumen of the spinal canal and spinal nerve canal more than 4 mm. An indirect sign of a herniated cervical intervertebral disc is a local deformation of the anterior epidural space with the absence of its visualization. Ultrasonography is a reliable method for diagnosing herniated cervical intervertebral discs, both in segments and inside the spinal canal. The method can be used to find out the causes of neck pain in young people

Biomechanics and pain in young people

<h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Изучить особенности болевых проявлений, двигательного стереотипа, психоэмоционального статуса, дыхательной сферы и вегетативной нервной системы у лиц молодого возраста для выявления группы риска развития обострения дорсопатии. <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> С помощью оригинальной методики тестирования двигательного стереотипа человека из общей группы молодых лиц (<i>n</i>=918) в возрасте 18—35 лет сформированы две исследуемые группы: группа риска (мужчин — 42, женщин — 62), включающая лиц с признаками дорсопатии преимущественно грудного отдела позвоночника и дыхательными нарушениями, и группа контроля (мужчин — 46, женщин — 60), состоящая из здоровых лиц. В обеих группах проводили вертеброневрологический осмотр, оценку психоэмоционального и вегетативного статуса, исследование дыхательного цикла. Достоверность различий показателей между группами определяли по <i>t</i>-критерию Стьюдента. <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> В группе риска биомеханические изменения (асимметрия осанки, сколиотическая деформация, функциональная разница в длине ног) регистрировались в среднем на 42% чаще, чем в группе контроля. Смещение общего центра тяжести позвоночника отмечено у 90 и 23% лиц группы риска и группы контроля соответственно. В группе риска отмечается дисфункция преимущественно грудного региона позвоночника (59% случаев), что сочетается с включением вспомогательной мускулатуры в акт дыхания и изменениями показателей дыхательного цикла (укорочением длительности фаз вдоха и выдоха) по сравнению с нормальными показателями здоровых лиц. Такие изменения отмечены на фоне симпатикотонии в виде тенденции к повышению соотношения LF/HF по данным кардиоинтервалографии, а также более высокого общего балла по вопроснику для выявления признаков вегетативных изменений А.М. Вейна в группе риска при сохранении вегетативного баланса в контрольной группе. Анализ психоэмоционального статуса выявил также преобладание слабовыраженных тревожно-фобических проявлений у лиц группы риска по сравнению с группой контроля (<i>p</i>&lt;0,05). <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> Биомеханические перестройки у молодых лиц двигательного стереотипа в сочетании с психоэмоциональными изменениями, дыхательной и вегетативной дисфункцией могут рассматриваться в качестве донозологических признаков дорсопатии.

Trusting in the online 'community': An interview study exploring internet use in young people with chronic pain.

BackgroundChronic pain in young people is prevalent in the UK. Young people are digital natives, yet there has not been any online intervention developed in a UK context to help them manage chronic pain. Key to understanding the context in which young people engage with online interventions is better understanding their internet use for chronic pain management. The overarching aim of this study was to explore young peoples’ experiences of searching for information about chronic pain using the internet. This included experiences of using search engines (e.g. Google), health information websites (e.g. the National Health Service [NHS] website) and social media (e.g. Facebook and Instagram).MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with young people aged 16–24-years (n = 24), online, via Microsoft (MS) Teams. The study was advertised online and via patient partner charities. Interview data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants presented with a variety of chronic pain conditions, including joint hypermobility syndrome (n = 6), chronic headache and/or migraine (n = 4) and fibromyalgia (n = 3). Four themes were generated: ‘Trustworthy information, or experiences?’, ‘Diagnostic labels in a digital world’, ‘The online chronic pain community’ and ‘A mind and body approach to self-management’. Young people trust advice from others in their online community and having a diagnostic label help them find relevant pain management strategies and support networks online.ConclusionsThis study is the first qualitative exploration of internet use in UK-based young people with chronic pain. Findings highlight the importance of considering internet use when developing new online interventions for young people with pain and that internet use, particularly social media use, is an important psychosocial consideration in pain management. Young people should be encouraged to verify practical pain management techniques found online with their doctor and be empowered in the safe use of appropriate psychology-based self-management resources.

Chronic Pain in Young People : The Situation in Lebanon

Chronic Pain in Young People : The Situation in Lebanon