Page Block Research Articles

Identification of the Preferences Signals of Facebook Algorithm in Prioritising Page Posts on Users’ Feeds

With an objective to deliver a relevant experience to its users, the social media platform Facebook employs a backend algorithm to select and identify the page posts, to further populate them on the user’s newsfeeds. The algorithm receives indications or signals from the user activities/actions on the platform w.r.t the posts uploaded/publicly communicated by the pages. In this article, the authors have studied the important user actions from the Facebook algorithm point of view through a systematic analysis of academic and industry-based literature to unearth the user action preferences of the secret and always-changing Facebook algorithm. Basis the findings, the authors have also suggested a conceptual model that drives higher user engagement for the pages. Results reveal that at the page level, ‘Follow’ and ‘Share’ are positive indicators for the algorithm, while ‘Unfollow’ and ‘Page Block’ are negative signals that impact a page’s visibility on the users’ newsfeed. At the post level, ‘Share’, ‘Comments’ and ‘Reactions’ are the positive signals of rankings whereas ‘Unfollow’, ‘Hide’ and ‘Snooze’ are a negative set of user actions. The findings of this article are extremely vital for the millions of Facebook page owners/marketers to optimise the overall results.

Thermoresponsive properties of star-shaped amphiphilic block copolymers with a cholic acid core and functional amine groups

Block copolymers having stimuli-responsive properties are gaining impetus in the design of drug and gene delivery systems for therapeutic purposes. Thermoresponsive polymers are particularly interesting due to the ease of control over their solution behavior in aqueous media. The fine tuning of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of such polymers is necessary to achieve a successful drug delivery. In this work, the thermoresponsive properties of block copolymers based on a bile acid are studied in aqueous media to determine the factors affecting the LCST. Poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PAGE) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blocks were grafted from a cholic acid (CA) core to yield star-shaped block copolymers with 4 arms. The PAGE block was further functionalized to bear pendant amine groups. The addition of amine groups may be expected to improve the hydrophilicty of the polymers, but the functionalized polymers showed pronounced thermoresponsive properties and aggregation under physiological conditions. It is thus necessary to understand the changes of their solution properties for a better design of such polymers for drug delivery applications. In this work, we studied the effects of PEG length and of the amine groups on the LCST behavior in water at various salt concentrations. A shorter PEG chain of 21 repeat units shows a LCST of 16 °C, whereas a longer PEG of 41 repeat units failed to show thermoresponsiveness up to 80 °C and at concentrations up to 50 mg/mL. Functionalizing the allyl groups increased the LCST of the polymers. A salting-out effect was observed by a decrease in LCST and the presence of salt also promoted precipitation of the nanoparticles.

A Webpage Segmentation Method Based on Node Information Entropy of DOM Tree

Aiming at the problems of DOM tree-based webpage segmentation methods in rationality of segmentation results, efficiency, and relying on auxiliary means, in this paper, we propose a new method based on node information entropy of the DOM tree. First, it classified webpage tags and only processed tags that affected the structure of pages. Second, comprehensively considering the content features and the structure features of DOM tree nodes, it calculated information entropy of nodes and maximum text density of subnodes, and based on them, determined whether a node was an independent page block. Finally, this method did node fusion to get the segmentation results. Segmentation tests of multiple web pages with different structures show that the proposed method can accurately and quickly segment the content of web pages.

Web page filtering for kids

Internet has become integral part of everyday life of children, grownup, schools, colleges, institutions and business etc. Facilities like email, social networking, tweeting, online purchase, searching are the most popular activities amongst every generation. However, the lack of ownership common agreement about the precise approach to educating and protecting children has resulted in further challenges. The abundance of unethical information available to a child and its ill effect on child psychology is a matter of great concern. In this paper a system is proposed that filters the unethical, harmful content blocks from the web page. The system focus on eliminating the bad content (unethical) and restructuring the web page to provide user with the clean web page. The cosine measure of similarity is used for comparing the web page block content, image alternate text and image tooltip with the dictionary of objectionable words. Empirical evaluation shows that approach worked incredible when applied to general news web pages from popular media websites.

A novel approach for Web page modeling in personal information extraction

The target of personal information extraction (PIE) is to extract content associated with a name form Web pages. Available Web page models, which are also used widely in content extraction and automatic wrapper algorithms, include text model, document object model, and vision-based page segmentation model. Because of existing models focus on Web structure rather than semantic relevance, they are difficult to be directly used for PIE. To deal with this problem, we introduce the sequence block model (SBM), by which is easy to determine the relevance of each page block to the retrieval name. Then, we give the definition of PIE based on the SBM. Depending on the sequence correlation of SBM, we design a 4-layer seq2seq deep learning network for PIE. Experiment result shows that our new model extracts twice as much data as content extraction algorithms. And the recall rate of the network is 7% higher than the traditional model with classification algorithm.

Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Properties of Block Copolyethers with Latent Chemical Functionality

Three series of polyglycidol-poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-polyglycidol (PG-PAGE-PG) triblock copolymers with ranging PG contents and fixed molar masses of the middle PAGE block are prepared. The copolymers are analogous to the Pluronic, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), block copolymers in which the chemically inert PEO and PPO are substituted by PG and PAGE, respectively, exhibiting latent chemical functionality. They are prepared by solvent-free sequential anionic polymerization of allyl glycidyl ether and ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether followed by cleavage of the protective groups. In aqueous solution the block copolymers self-associate. According to the thermodynamic data, the self-association is enthalpically favored with a small entropy contribution, which is fundamentally different from that of Pluronic block copolymers. The nanostructures are parameterized by dynamic and static light scattering and visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Data indicate formation of relatively large particles that are identified as compound particles held together by strong hydrogen bonding promoted by the numerous hydroxyl groups from the PG moieties.

Small angle neutron scattering study on complex coacervate core micelles formed by oppositely charged poly(ethylene oxide-b-allyl glycidyl ether) block copolymer in water

Structure of complex coacervate core micelles in aqueous solution formed by oppositely charged polyelectrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide-b-allyl glycidyl ether) (PEOAGE) diblock copolymer was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Two PEOAGE diblock copolymers are prepared by anionic ring-opening polymerization to provide PEOAGE-1 (Mn,PEO = 5000 g/mol and Mn,PAGE = 2700 g/mol) and PEOAGE-2 (Mn,PEO = 5000 g/mol and Mn,PAGE = 5500 g/mol). PAGE block in the diblock copolymer was functionalized with either primary amine or sulfonate group by thiol-ene click chemistry to generate two oppositely charged block copolyelectrolytes. In addition, unfunctionalized PAGE block is hydrophobic, and therefore PEOAGE block copolymer in aqueous solution forms hydrophobic driven micelles, which is used as control. Combination of DLS and SANS provides micelle dimension including overall micelle size, core radius, and aggregation number. Based on the results, hydrophobic driven micelles show relatively well-defined cores, and morphology changes from sphere to cylinder as PAGE block length increases. Spherical cores in complex coacervate core micelles are significantly swollen by water, and diffusive in comparison to hydrophobic driven micelles.

Impact of PEG and PEG-b-PAGE modified PLGA on nanoparticle formation, protein loading and release

The effect of modifying the well-established pharmaceutical polymer PLGA by different PEG-containing block-copolymers on the preparation of ovalbumin (OVA) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) was studied. The used polymers contained poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PAGE) as building blocks. The double emulsion technique yielded spherical NPs in the size range from 170 to 220nm (PDI<0.15) for all the differently modified polymers, allowing to directly compare protein loading of and release. PEGylation is usually believed to increase the hydrophilic character of produced particles, favoring encapsulation of hydrophilic substances. However, in this study simple PEGylation of PLGA had only a slight effect on protein release. In contrast, incorporating a PAGE block between the PEG and PLGA units, also eventually enabling active targeting introducing a reactive group, led to a significantly higher loading (+25%) and release rate (+100%), compared to PLGA and PEG-b-PLGA NPs.

Functionalized PEG‐b‐PAGE‐b‐PLGA triblock terpolymers as materials for nanoparticle preparation

ABSTRACTA series of poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PEG‐b‐PAGE) macroinitiators are prepared using the living anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) technique, and applied for further copolymerization studies. To overcome the low reactivity of the secondary hydroxyl end‐group of the PAGE block, a primary hydroxyl group is introduced into the macroinitiators via trityl and tert‐butyl‐dimethylsilane protective groups. The modified macroinitiators are used for copolymerization by applying different amounts of PEG‐b‐PAGE (5, 10, and 15%) and different PLGA lengths. To study their properties, nanoparticles from selected polymers are prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy showing spherical particles with diameters around 200 nm and low PDIparticle values of 0.03–0.1. An advantage of the obtained polymers is the presence of double bonds in the side chain, which enables the modification via, for example, thiol‐ene reactions. For this purpose tertiary 2‐(dimethylamino)ethanethiol), acetylated thiogalactose and thiomannose are attached onto the double bonds of the PAGE‐blocks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2163–2174

An encryption approach to secure modification and deletion for flash-based storage

Reliable erasing of data from storage devices is a critical component of secure data management and is well understood for magnetic disks. However, flash memory has unusual electronic limitations that make in-place updating impossible. Many secure deletion techniques have been proposed to improve both information security and erasing reliability. This paper investigates secure modification further. First, a formal definition of the levels of reliable erasing over flash-based systems is introduced. Then, an encryption strategy and key (ESK) security module are implemented. This module encrypts confidential files and forces all the generated keys and other relevant information of each file to be stored in the same blocks. Consequently, when securely modifying or deleting files, the ESK module erases as few blocks as possible. Experimental results show that the proposed module can improve the level of information safety and can reduce the number of page copies and block erases due to reliable erasing.

Luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone-containing biodegradable polymer micelles for enhanced intracellular drug delivery

A biodegradable triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-block-poly(dl-lactide) (mPEG-b-PAGE-b-PLA), with allyl groups on its middle block was designed and synthesized through anionic polymerization of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) with PEG monomethyl ether sodium salt as the macroinitiator and subsequent ring-opening polymerization of dl-lactide. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was conjugated to the PAGE block through a linkage of -SCH2CH2C([double bond, length as m-dash]O)NH- between the allyl and LHRH residues. The LHRH content in the conjugate was ca. 25 wt%. Owing to the amphiphilic nature of the conjugate, it was self-assembled into micelles of 15-40 nm in diameter and with the LHRH moieties in the hydrophilic corona of the micelles. Cellular uptake experiments were carried out using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with HeLa cells as LHRH-receptor overexpressing cells and HepG-2 cells as normal cells. HeLa cells displayed more cellular uptake of the LHRH-micelles than the normal cells. In vivo biodistribution of the LHRH-containing micelles and LHRH-free micelles was studied using a CRI Maestro™ imaging system. Preferred accumulation in tumor sites of LHRH-containing micelles was observed at 24 hours post injection. Therefore, LHRH-conjugated amphiphilic copolymers might be used as a potential drug delivery system for the treatment of LHRH receptor overexpressing carcinoma.

AN EFFICIENT DYNAMIC WEAR LEVELING FOR HUGE-CAPACITY FLASH STORAGE SYSTEMS WITH CACHE

Flash memory won its edge than other storage media for its advantages, such as shock resistance, low power consumption and high data transmission speed. However, new data is written out-of-place due to the characteristics of flash memory, which is diverse from traditional magnetic media. Out-of-place update results in the wear-leveling issue over flash memory for erasing blocks to reclaim invalid pages. This paper proposed a dynamic wear (DW)-leveling design without substantially increasing overhead and without modifying Flash Translation Layer (FTL) for huge-capacity flash storage systems with cache, which is based on segmentation threshold and Least Recently Used (LRU). Experimental results show that our design levels the wear of different physical blocks, reduces extra page coping and block erasing, and improves the read/write performance. Additionally, different thresholds impacting wear leveling are also discussed.

Bis‐hydrophilic and functional triblock terpolymers based on polyethers: Synthesis and self‐assembly in solution

AbstractA well‐defined triblock terpolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(allyl glycidyl ether)‐block‐poly(tert‐butyl glycidyl ether) (PEG‐b‐PAGE‐b‐Pt‐BGE), with a narrow molar mass distribution has been synthesized by sequential living anionic ring‐opening polymerization. Afterward, the PAGE block was modified via thiol‐ene chemistry and different sugar moieties or cysteine as a model compound for peptides could be covalently attached to the polymer backbone. The solution self‐assembly of the obtained bis‐hydrophilic triblock terpolymers in aqueous media has been studied in detail by turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM and cryo‐TEM). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012

Browsing on small displays by transforming Web pages into hierarchically structured subpages

We propose a new Web page transformation method to facilitate Web browsing on handheld devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). In our approach, an original Web page that does not fit on the screen is transformed into a set of subpages, each of which fits on the screen. This transformation is done through slicing the original page into page blocks iteratively, with several factors considered. These factors include the size of the screen, the size of each page block, the number of blocks in each transformed page, the depth of the tree hierarchy that the transformed pages form, as well as the semantic coherence between blocks. We call the tree hierarchy of the transformed pages an SP-tree. In an SP-tree, an internal node consists of a textually enhanced thumbnail image with hyperlinks, and a leaf node is a block extracted from a subpage of the original Web page. We adaptively adjust the fanout and the height of the SP-tree so that each thumbnail image is clear enough for users to read, while at the same time, the number of clicks needed to reach a leaf page is few. Through this transformation algorithm, we preserve the contextual information in the original Web page and reduce scrolling. We have implemented this transformation module on a proxy server and have conducted usability studies on its performance. Our system achieved a shorter task completion time compared with that of transformations from the Opera browser in nine of ten tasks. The average improvement on familiar pages was 44%. The average improvement on unfamiliar pages was 37%. Subjective responses were positive.

Collecting and Storing Web Archive Based on Page Block

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于页面Block的Web档案采集和存储 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60573090, 60673139 (国家自然科学基金) Collecting and Storing Web Archive Based on Page Block Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:提出了基于页面Block对Web页面的采集和存储方式,并详细表述了该方法如何完成基于布局页面分区、Block主题的抽取、版本和差异的比较以及增量存储的方式.实现了一个Web归档原型系统,并对所提出的算法进行了详细的测试.理论和实验表明,所提出的基于页面Block的Web档案(Web archive)采集和存储方法能够很好地适应Web档案的管理方式,并对基于Web档案的查询、搜索、知识发现和数据挖掘等应用提供有利的数据资源. Abstract:In this paper, the page block based Web archive collecting and storing approach is proposed. The algorithms of layout-based page partition, extracting topic from block, version comparison and incremental storage implementation are introduced in detail. The prototype system is implemented and tested to verify the proposed approach. Theoretics and experiments show that, the proposed approach adapts the Web archive management well, and provides a valuable data resource to the Web archive based query, search, data mining and knowledge discovering applications. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Recognising Informative Web Page Blocks Using Visual Segmentation for Efficient Information Extraction

As web sites are getting more complicated, the construction of web information ex- traction systems becomes more troublesome and time-consuming. A common theme is the diffi- culty in locating the segments of a page in which the target information is contained, which we call the informative blocks. This article reports on the Recognising Informative Page Blocks al- gorithm (RIPB), which is able to identify the informative block in a web page so that information extraction algorithms can work on it more efficiently. RIPB relies on an existing algorithm for vision-based page block segmentation to analyse and partition a web page into a set of visual blocks, and then groups related blocks with similar content structures into block clusters by using a tree edit distance method. RIPB recognises the informative block cluster by using tree align- ment and tree matching. A series of experiments were performed, and the conclusions were that RIPB was more than 95% accurate in recognising informative block clusters, and improved the efficiency of information extraction by 17%.