Rerouting Of Packets Research Articles

Design of optical packet switch in presence of dispersion compensation and amplifier noise

Abstract Optical communication gained popularity in past few years. Optical communication has many distinct advantages over copper cable based electronic communication. Optical switches are integral part of optical networks which are used for rerouting of packets and also plays important role in contention resolution of the packets. These switch uses fiber delay lines (FDLs) act as optical memory. In past analysis of the switch is done by considering loss, power and noise and finally bit error rate (BER); however dispersion was neglected which is an important parameter in high speed communication. In this paper, design analysis is done by considering dispersion compensation along with optical amplifier noise.

Void Node Detection and Packet Re-routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been appeared as an encouraging innovation to screen and investigate the seas in lieu of customary undersea wire line instruments. All things considered, the information social occasion of UWSNs is still seriously restricted in light of the acoustic channel correspondence attributes. One approach to improve the information assortment in UWSNs is through the plan of directing conventions thinking about the special attributes of the underwater acoustic correspondence and the exceptionally unique organization geography. In this paper, we propose the GEDAR steering convention for UWSNs. GEDAR is an anycast, geographic and deft steering convention that courses information parcels from sensor hubs to numerous sonobuoys (sinks) at the ocean's surface. At the point when the hub is in a correspondence void area, GEDAR changes to the recuperation mode strategy which depends on geography control through the profundity change of the void hubs, rather than the customary methodologies utilizing control messages to find and keep up steering ways along void locales. Reproduction results show that GEDAR altogether improves the organization execution when contrasted and the pattern arrangements, even in hard and troublesome versatile situations of inadequate and extremely thick networks and for high organization traffic loads.

Recovery Method for Disasters of Network Servers by Using POX controller in Software defined Networks.

The devices we used to automation made up of electric bunch called IoT devices so the more complex task is to manage them effectively. If the devices cannot connect or share anything correctly then these devices will be considered as useless. So the diversity of these devices will be increase the chance of survival. When we talk about the disaster the main difference between networks software and hardware needed to be overcome . for this we have to control the data traffic smartly so the software defined networks make this thing possible to give more programmability because in SDN the data plane is separated from control plane. When IoT devices got disconnected because of internet lack at that time these devices have to respond quickly. So for this purpose, software defined networks used to search another path for information transfer just to get that connection back we can say SDN provides reroute based on the routing information and routing flows they have already and they also have better understanding of pathways for communication. So in this paper our main focus is on this problem that will occur because of disaster and we intend to recover server and also multiple servers from this disaster of link failure , traffic engineering , power outage and rerouting of packets. For this we proposed a systematic approach for recovering these servers from disaster by using software defined networks. The separation of control plane from data plane provides programmability and also make the system flexible for getting back the connection soon. So for this recovery from disaster we are going to use OpenFlow protocol used by SDN and we using Mininet to implementation. The controller will be POX and also we are using Lipsflow mapping for disaster management and recovery.

Recovery Path Optimization using Modified Assured Quality Model (M.A.S.Q) in MPLS based Network

In this paper, an improved algorithm for continual network service provisioning in case of edge failure has been presented. Currently, most of the research related to network resource management in case of edge failure has focuses on rerouting of packets. These packets are treated individually. The performance achieved through rerouting the traffic on alternate path mainly depends upon path optimization strategy. There are several parameters which are considered in literature for selection of optimal path. According to the best of my knowledge, while choosing optimized path, there are several important parameters that are yet not considered for optimal path selection. The parameter includes throughput, load-balance-threshold and available bandwidth of the link. This research focuses to consider these above mentioned parameters for selection of alternate (optimal path) in case of edge failure. We believe, if Path Switch Router selects the alternate path incorporating above mentioned parameters then network efficiency due to better selection of optimal paths will be further improved. In this research paper alternate path selection process is modified to consider the new parameters and achieve better network performance in case of network node failure.

Recovery Path Optimization using Modified Assured Quality Model (M.A.S.Q) in MPLS based Network

In this paper, an improved algorithm for continual network service provisioning in case of edge failure has been presented. Currently, most of the research related to network resource management in case of edge failure has focuses on rerouting of packets. These packets are treated individually. The performance achieved through rerouting the traffic on alternate path mainly depends upon path optimization strategy. There are several parameters which are considered in literature for selection of optimal path. According to the best of my knowledge, while choosing optimized path, there are several important parameters that are yet not considered for optimal path selection. The parameter includes throughput, load-balance-threshold and available bandwidth of the link. This research focuses to consider these above mentioned parameters for selection of alternate (optimal path) in case of edge failure. We believe, if Path Switch Router selects the alternate path incorporating above mentioned parameters then network efficiency due to better selection of optimal paths will be further improved. In this research paper alternate path selection process is modified to consider the new parameters and achieve better network performance in case of network node failure.

Node or Link? Fine-Grained Analysis of Packet-Loss Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, packet losses are often an indicator of possible undergoing attacks. Therefore, security solutions aiming at providing comprehensive protection must include functions for packet-loss detection. Determining the actual cause of these losses is crucial to a quick and automated reaction to the attack, be it a simple reporting of the attack or a more sophisticated action such as packet rerouting and retransmission. Packet losses in wireless sensor networks can be caused by either attacks affecting the nodes or attacks focused on the wireless links. The efficacy of the response to such attacks is highly dependent on an accurate identification of the actual attack cause. Therefore, approaches to correctly identifying the cause of packet losses are needed. The work presented in this article addresses this problem by designing and implementing a fine-grained analysis (FGA) tool that investigates packet-loss events and reports their most likely cause. Our FGA tool profiles the wireless links between the nodes, as well as their neighborhood, by leveraging resident parameters, such as RSSI and LQI, available within every received packet. The design of the system is fully distributed and event-driven, and its low overhead makes it suitable for resource-constrained entities such as wireless motes. We have validated our approach through real-world experiments, showing that our FGA tool is effective in differentiating between the various attacks that may affect nodes and links.

Service-oriented Router Simulation Module Implementation in NS2 Simulator

The Service-oriented Router (SoR) is a router for next generation networks. This router has a high-throughput database and it has the capability to snoop all transaction in its interfaces. The SoR also provides an API which can provide stored content in order to enrich services. The SoR has the potential to shift the current Internet infrastructure to an information-based, open innovation platform. In order to evaluate the efficiency of SoR-based applications and services, a specific simulator is required. Though the NS2 simulator does not simulate payload handling, it is a well-known network simulator and there are many resources available for evaluations. In this research, we implemented three new modules for the NS2 platform to test the concepts of an SoR, an SoR agent, a packet container and a packet analyzer. The SoR agent can interconnect the application and physical layers of the NS2 module with an additional function that can handle user data as a real payload and attaches it to the IP packet. The packet container is an improved NS2 module that can attach user data and trace information. A successful simulation has been performed for end-to-end packet transfer with a 0.02s packet delivery delay compared to typical NS2 packet delivery. The NS2 router has been enhanced for packet stream analyzing and content centric packet re-routing. Content centric packet re-routing has been achieved with 0.01s additional delay for end-to-end packet delivery. Result shows that Deep Packet Inspection and content centric networking in an SoR-based network can be achieved.

A Review on Snoop with Rerouting in Wired cumWireless Networks

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) has been performing well over the traditional wired networks. However it cannot react efficiently in wireless network where packet losses occur mostly because of congestion and wired cum wireless networks where the significant packet losses are due to bit errors or handoffs. In order to evaluate the Quality of Service it is essential to measure the performance of network in terms of throughput, efficiency, delay, packet dropping probability etc. These parameters are usually influenced by variations in the network parameters such as packet size and packet interval. Consequently it could not differentiate whether the increased round trip time is due to route change or network congestion. As a solution to this problem a mechanism (Snoop protocol) is proposed for efficient rerouting. The rerouting of packets using Snoop helps avoid congestion and to improve the performance of TCPs with rerouting.

Experimental demonstration of packet-rate 10-Gb/s OOK OSNR monitoring for QoS-aware cross-layer packet protection

A cross-layer network platform may enable introspective access to the physical layer, allowing optical performance monitoring measurements to feedback to higher layers for packet rerouting and protection. We experimentally demonstrate quality-of-service-aware packet protection that leverages cross-layer signaling based on the monitoring of packets' optical-signal-to-noise ratio. In order to detect degraded data streams, the monitoring system is based on a delay-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a field-programmable gate array. The system is realized in an experimental cross-layer enabled optical packet switched fabric, measuring the optical-signal-to-noise ratio for 10-Gb/s OOK streams. The packet protection scheme uses the dynamic performance measurements to actuate a rerouting of high-quality-of-service packets. 8 × 10-Gb/s wavelength-striped optical messages are rerouted through the fabric error-free (bit-error rates less than 10(-12)).

Distributed flow detection over multi-path sessions

Recently, there has been great interest in performing flow inspection within devices in the network. Frequently, a session passing through the network is routed through several paths either due to network architecture or due to malicious intent. This paper presents a re-routing layer that enables, for the first time, multi-path flow inspection. At any point in time, each session is inspected by a single inspection device using existing single-path flow inspection algorithms. Session packets that arrive at other devices are forwarded to the designated device. Our scheme takes into account the history of packet arrival among all collaborating devices for optimized re-routing. We show that the proposed mechanism is highly efficient in terms of the storage and communication overhead imposed on the network due to packet re-routing. The per-packet computation overhead at the devices is shown to be minimal and in the order of O ( 1 ) .

Impact of mobility on mobile telecommunications networks

Summary This paper describes the mobility management mechanisms for mobile telecommunications networks. There are two major types of mobility: radio network mobility and core network mobility. Radio network mobility supports radio link switching of a mobile user during conversation, and core network mobility provides roaming and tunnelrelated management for packet re-routing due to user movement. Impact of mobility on both the radio and the core networks is addressed in this paper. Also, potential research issues on these topics are discussed. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An End-to-End Multipath Smooth Handoff Scheme for Stream Media

Supporting transmission of stream media over wireless mobile networks is often difficult because packets may be lost due to the rerouting of packets during handoff, and also because bursts of packet loss may occur during handoff due to the disparity in the amount of available bandwidth among different cells. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end multipath handoff scheme that provides smooth handoff for stream media in wireless networks with different amounts of available bandwidth from cell to cell. In the proposed scheme, multiple paths are established during handoff to reach a mobile destination node. The stream media sources are equipped with an adaptive multilayer encoder, and important layers in the encoded video stream are duplicated and transmitted over multiple paths during handoff. The effectiveness of the proposed multipath handoff scheme is verified and compared with existing schemes through extensive simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides higher throughput and better quality for stream media.

The effects of badly behaved routers on Internet congestion

AbstractFrom an exhaustive series of trace packets to a diverse set of destinations, our research has discovered that specific routers are the cause of bottlenecks in the Internet. We found that packets took the same route each time towards their destination. Our research has also found that over periods as large as seven days these routers continue to cause bottlenecks with no re‐routing of packets to alleviate congestion. This research begs the question as to why these bottlenecks occur at the same places and for so long a period and also queries the extent of implementation of dynamic routing algorithms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.