Package Durability Research Articles

Fuzzy logic based qualitative indicators for promoting extended producer responsibility and sustainable food packaging waste management

The increasing global food demand has led to a significant rise in food packaging (FP), including the use of complex materials like multi-material packaging (MMP). Producers often prioritize product packaging durability over ecological considerations, which contribute to environmental pollution. While the concept of eco-modulation (EM) within Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) frameworks has gained traction, a comprehensive model capable of guiding FP design for optimal environmental impact remains elusive. Prioritizing mechanical recycling over other end-of-life options can often lead to negative environmental and economic consequences. Also, there is a lack of knowledge on the effect of food packing designs on the sustainability dimensions encompassing economic, environmental and social (EES) aspects of the waste management system. Therefore, to mitigate the environmental consequences of FP waste, a holistic approach is required. This research introduces a novel approach that utilizes fuzzy qualitative indicators on economic, environmental and social (EES) aspects of the waste management system such as production cost indicator, recycling cost indicator, landfill emission indicator, and producer incentive indicators to promote sustainable FP waste management practices. The fuzzy qualitative indicators offer crucial contextual information that enriches decision-making processes. Rule-based design decisions through fuzzy logic (FL) intelligent models facilitate the development of eco-friendly packaging. The study further explores the environmental implications of FP waste, focusing on the challenges associated with multilayer designs and their impact on recycling. Additionally, the research aims to engage policymakers in developing and implementing green packaging design initiatives to improve the environmental impact of packaging waste.

Enhancing Sugar Sales Through Quality Improvement and Customer Preferences

This study investigates factors influencing the selling price of PT PG Candi Baru's sugar products, utilizing the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) - Kano method and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Despite consistent sales growth, the company's selling value needs enhancement. Findings reveal PT PG Candi Baru's superiority in product design, packaging durability, and availability compared to competitors. However, deficiencies in the weight measurement parameter of the 1 kg retail sugar product are noted. Renewing the 1 kilogram retail machine, integrated with a scale with an error rate of less than 0.5, is proposed to address this issue. Additionally, tightening quality control selection related to weight measurement is recommended. This research offers insights for improving PT PG Candi Baru's product competitiveness, contributing to the understanding of customer preferences and suggesting actionable strategies for the company's development. Hightligh: Customer priorities identified: IPA-Kano and QFD methods used. Product superiority: Design, packaging, availability excel. Renewal recommendations: Update machine, improve quality control for weight. Keywords: Sugar products, Selling price, Quality improvement, Industrial engineering, Customer preferences

Consumer-driven evaluation of Ecoplas as a sustainable flexible packaging in Jakarta

400 million tons of plastic waste pollute the environment every year, and then 8 million tons of plastic waste have ended up in the ocean. Flexible plastic waste accounts for 76% of plastic waste entering the environment in Indonesia. Ecoplas have been developed in Jakarta, as starch-based biodegradable packaging. This study aims to 1) determine the ranking of Ecoplas compared to PP, r-PP, and Oxo-biodegradable; 2) Identify criteria that affect the path of Ecoplas packaging into sustainable packaging. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire involving 96 consumers of flexible packaging in Jakarta, taken by convenience sampling. In this study, Ecoplas packaging was evaluated using PROMETHEE II to generate rankings, and Rainbow-PROMETHEE to review criteria affecting packaging sustainability. The results show that PP packaging (0.1168) remains the most preferred option for flexible packaging, followed by Oxo-biodegradable (0,0020), Ecoplas (-0,0113), and r-PP (-0,1076). Ecoplas have good criteria on willingness to purchase (Ec), consumers' environmental preferences (En), property preference (T1), packaging safety preference (T3), and consumer knowledge of post-consumer (S2). Aspects of criteria that need to be improved by Ecoplas i.e. awareness of alternative packaging usage (S1) and accessibility (S3 & S4), and packaging durability preference (S2). Ecoplas is promising to be an alternative to flexible packaging, as shown by the good evaluation and willingness of consumers to purchase it as eco-friendly packaging. However, Ecoplas packaging needs to improve the level of packaging properties and accessibility level for consumers to find it easily.

ANALISIS MEKANIK DAN TERMAL MATERIAL KOMPOSIT BERBASIS SERAT ECENG GONDOK SEBAGAI BAHAN KEMASAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

This study aims to analyze the mechanical and thermal properties of water hyacinth fiber-based composite materials as an alternative to environmentally friendly packaging materials. This composite material is produced by mixing water hyacinth fiber with a natural polymer matrix that can decompose easily. Manufacturing methods include mixing, pressing, and thermal treatment processes. The mechanical properties of composite materials, including tensile strength and resistance to deformation, are tested using tensile tests and hardness tests. Thermal analysis is carried out through thermogravimetric tests (TGA) to identify the thermal stability and decomposition of the material. The results showed that the water hyacinth fiber-based composite materials had fairly good mechanical properties in certain mixture compositions, although they were not as strong as composite materials using synthetic fibers. However, this material shows potential in packaging applications that do not require extreme mechanical strength. The mechanical properties of the water hyacinth fiber composite produced lead to the fulfillment of the need for use as packaging, which is light, flexible and not easily broken. The thermal properties of the composites show faster decomposition compared to synthetic fiber based composites, but are still within the acceptable range for single-use packaging. With its environmentally friendly properties, this composite material can be an attractive alternative to reduce the use of plastic in the packaging industry. Nonetheless, improvements in manufacturing processes and material formulations are still required to improve their mechanical and thermal properties and maintain packaging durability under diverse usage conditions.

REDESIGN ECO-FRIENDLY YOGURT PACKAGING USING KANSEI ENGINEERING METHOD

This research is focused on the desire of companies to change their yogurt packaging from thin plastic pouches to stronger ones. The purpose of packaging redesign is not only to overcome the problem of packaging durability but also to make new packaging more attractive to consumers so that the selling value is higher. Thus, packaging that is technically feasible and represents the customer's preferences for the company's products is needed. In addition, companies must also consider the long-term environmental impact. Redesigning the packaging using the eco-design concept and the Kansei Engineering Method. Eco-design is used to determine the environmental impact of packaging, while Kansei Engineering is used as a product design tool. The eco-design assessment of the suggested packaging shows that the packaging is more environmentally friendly than the current packaging. Kansei Engineering's findings include cylinder-shaped yogurt packaging made from aseptic cardboard and full color with a packaging design that is fresh, cheap, beautiful, strong, environmentally friendly, ergonomic, complete with product information, a halal logo, and unique

Package durability of triboelectric sensor mounted inside tyre

Package durability of triboelectric sensor mounted inside tyre

Nuclear Waste Package Corrosion Behavior in the Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository

AbstractThe corrosion performance of spent nuclear fuel waste packages is becoming increasingly important in establishing the viability of the proposed Yucca Mountain repository system. Current package concepts propose the use of a 2 cm thick nickel-base superalloy (Alloy 22) shell as the main barrier to prevent corrosion penetration over many thousands of years. The expected package service conditions, as well as their variability and uncertainty, are discussed. The electrochemical conditions known to be responsible for passive behavior and its breakdown in Alloy 22 and similar alloys are examined in the light of the predicted repository environment. Durability prediction approaches and their conclusions are considered. Efforts to determine the relative impact of localized modes of failure and uniform passive dissolution on package durability are reviewed, along with open issues in need of resolution and alternative package designs. The basic question of the validity of extrapolating corrosion behavior over many times the duration of the present base of experience is addressed.

Robust Aluminium Nitride Package Technology for Multichip Modules

The advent of novel advanced packaging technologies such as multilayer thin‐film interconnect, combined with continuous improvements in IC clock speed and circuit performance, has placed extreme demands on electronics packaging and package materials. Aluminium nitride (AIN) ceramic offers significant opportunities and advantages for package design, particularly where the effective thermal management and overall reliability of large devices are a high priority. AIN has already been successfully employed at the substrate level for the enhanced thermal relief of power devices. Examples of these applications include heat sinks and device mounts for thyristor modules, power transistors, solid state relays, power SCRs, switching modules, LEDs and various RF package configurations. Both bare and metallised AIN substrates are beginning to find application as a substitute for beryllia (BeO) in mass market and high reliability automotive electronics applications. Successfully implementing AIN in a high level electronics packaging application requires a systems approach in which the intrinsic properties of AIN are considered as ‘first principles’ in shaping the package design process. The unique physicochemical and mechanical properties of AIN require the development of specialised metallisation and co‐firing processes to fabricate the advanced components necessary for hermetic packaging of complex devices and multichip modules. This paper presents a practical and mass manufacturable AIN‐based package tailored to these high level applications. The package design is unique in that it provides for the total separation of the electrical‐signal conduction from the mechanical support/mounting functions of the package. Such a separation of the functions improves both the package durability and reliability relative to currently available electronics packages of conventional designs.

Effects of Metals and Metal Oxides on the Leaching of Nuclear Waste Glasses

ABSTRACTThe effects of the presence of various metals and metal oxides on the leaching of nuclear waste glasses in water can be considerable even under rapid flow conditions. The systems studied here include SRL TDS-131 glass in the presence of lead and stainless steel, and PNL 76-68 glass in the presence of aluminum, alumina and their mixtures. Lead specifically suppresses dissolved silica, but does not inhibit dissolution of defense waste glass as a whole. Stainless steel specifically reduces the levels of dissolved Ca and Sr. Al and Al2 O3 exercise a general reducing effect on the rates of dissolution of commercial waste glass and the presence of alumina may have a beneficial role in enhancing waste package durability.