Kg Of P2O5 Research Articles

A comparative study of localized phosphorus application and broadcasting method on biomass production and their use efficiency on Chilli (Capsicum annuum) under alkaline soil.

Rhizospheric based phosphorus (P) fertilizer management is necessary for crop production due to environmental concerns caused by the overuse of the broadcasting method and limited P reserves. This study proposes a comparison of P management that enhances P nutrition in Chilli (variety: Arka Khyati) through seedling root-dipping (SRD) in P-enriched slurry (SSP-amended; pH of 8.1), micro-dose placement (MDP; drill and place closer to plant root), and full dose (187.6 mg kg-1) placement by broadcasting (FD). In SRD, seedlings were dipped in five different P concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg P2O5 kg-1) for varying durations (0, ½, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and transplanted into pots (dipping in 0 mg P2O5 kg-1 consider as control), along with the MDP and FD treatments (total 33 treatments with 5 replications). [Seedlings dipped in 200, 300, and 400 mg P2O5 kg-1 died within a week after transplanting, thus were excluded from further analysis]. The amount of P received in MDP and FD were 21-90 times higher than P adhesion to seedling roots in SRD treatments. Root volume was in order SRD>MDP>FD. Seedlings dipped in 100 mg P2O5 kg-1 for 2 hours in SRD exhibited the highest biomass production, P-use and -recovery efficiency; and showed an increase of 52%, 178%, and 293% in FD, MDP, and SRD compared to the control respectively. It is recommended to use the SRD method with other P sources in reduced amount to maintain the native P pool in soil, and further multilocational trials are needed to validate.

An Investigation into the Impacts of Preparatory Tillage and Nutrient Management on Barley Yield and Economic Viability in the Context of Water Stress Conditions

A number of field tests were carried out at the Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology's Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, during the successive rabi seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22. The gangatic alluvial soil in the study area had a pH of 7.6, which was indicative of its light texture and moderate soil fertility. The study included three different treatments that included preparatory tillage techniques: T1 treatment was one cross plowing with a cultivator; T2 treatment was one disc harrow plowing followed by another cross plowing with a cultivator; and T3 treatment was one disc harrow plowing plus one rotavator pass. The experiment also looked into three different nutrient management strategies: N1, which involved applying 100% of the Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF)—60 kg of N, 30 kg of P2O5, and 30 kg of K2O—through chemical fertilizers; N2, which involved applying 75% of the RDF through chemical fertilizers along with 25% of Farm Yard Manure (FYM); and N3, which applied 50% of the RDF through chemical fertilizers along with 50% of FYM. In addition to applying 50% RDF through chemical fertilizers combined with 50% FYM, the results of the two-year experiment showed that planting barley crops in plots that received one disc harrow plowing and one rotavator pass yielded the maximum values across growth factors, yield attributes (such as grain yield q ha-1, straw yield q ha-1, biological yield q/ha, as well as harvest index), net return, gross return, and the barley benefit-to-cost ratio. This was noted in both years in a consistent manner. The next best results were seen with preparatory tillage, which involved using a cultivator to plough a single cross and applying chemical fertilizers to achieve 100% RDF (N1: 60 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5ha-1 + 30 kg K2Oha-1).

Effect of phosphate fertilizer-coated Dicarboxylic Acid Polymer on rice yield and components under greenhouse conditions

A significant amount of phosphorus (P) becomes fixed by aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) in acidic soils, leading to decreased efficiency in P utilization and subsequently lowering crop yield. Enhanced P fertilization offers a potential solution, as the dicarboxylic acid polymer (DCAP) coating on P fertilizer promotes increased plant productivity and more effective P utilization. The improvement achieved through enhanced P fertilization can contribute to higher rice yields in acidic soils, accompanied by an increase in P solubility. The study aimed to determine the impact of DCAP-mixed phosphate fertilizer on P uptake by plants, absorption efficiency, and rice yield. The results demonstrated a significant increase in available P (about 3.5 mg P/kg) when DCAP was used in a greenhouse setting, resulting in elevated yields and total P absorption (ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 grams/pot). However, the addition of 60 kg of phosphate mixed with DCAP has not yet demonstrated a significant increase in available phosphorus in the soil compared to adding just 60 kg of phosphate. The application of phosphate at a dose of 30 kg of P2O5 mixed with DCAP for growth and phosphorus absorption yield results equivalent to using 60 kg of P2O5 without DCAP. Furthermore, the use of DCAP in conjuction with 50% P fertilizer increased P availability by the same amount as that achieved with 100% P fertilizer. Consequently, DCAP reduced chemical P fertilizer in the soil by approximately 50%. However, it is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed phosphate fertilizer (DCAP) under field conditions before recommending its widespread use.

Physiological quality of soybean seeds as a function of organic-mineral fertilizers

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean cultivars as a function of doses and sources of organomineral fertilizers. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a split-split plot, with three replications. In the main plots, the treatments consisted of two soybean cultivars (BRASMAX Bônus IPRO and BRASMAX Olimpo IPRO), and in the subplot, the treatments consisted of three phosphate fertilizers [two organomineral fertilizers manufactured and a phosphate fertilizer (simple superphosphate)]. In the subplot, doses of 0 (control), 50 and 100 kg of P2O5 per ha-1 were used. The following parameters: moisture content, emergence, total dry weight, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seed sanity were used in current investigation. The use of organomineral fertilizers resulted in positive effects on the physiological quality of soybean seeds, although the incidence of the pathogens Cercospora sp., Aspergillus niger, and Rizoctonia sp. were larger. The combinations of the factors “BRASMAX Bônus IPRO + 50 kg of P2O5 per ha-1 + ORG1 or ORG2” and “BRASMAX Olimpo IPRO + 100 kg of P2O5 per ha-1 + ORG2” were associated with greater physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds of soybean.

Fertilizer Recommendations for Pearl Millet through Soil Test Crop Response-integrated Plant Nutrition System Approach on Alfisol

The field experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications at farmer's field which is located at Vagarai village, Dindigul district during February to May 2023 for refining the already existing Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) of hybrid pearl millet, which has been developed for Periyanaikenpalayam series to suit Palaviduthi soil series (Typic Rhodustalf). The performance of the pearl millet TNAU hybrid CO 10 was evaluated. The results of the experiment revealed that highest grain yield obtained from STCR - IPNS - 4.0 t ha-1, where farmyard manure along with inorganic fertilizers were combinedly applied. From the experimental data, basic parameters viz., nutrient requirement (NR), percent contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) were computed. It has been found that the nutrient requirement for producing one quintal grain of pearl millet was 2.23 kg of N, 1.19 kg of P2O5, and 2.22 kg of K2O. The percent contribution from soil (Cs) and fertilizers (Cf) were 15.7 and 47.1 for N, 32.09 and 45.06 for P2O5, 10.04 and 66.71 for K2O respectively. Percent contribution from FYM was 36.09 for N, 16.84 for P2O5 and 33.29 for K2O. FPEs for Pearl millet were generated using these basic parameters through the Soil Test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR-IPNS). Applying FYM at 12.5 t ha-1 combined with NPK fertilizers, was projected to result in a saving of 40, 21, and 27 kilograms of fertilizer N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. Soil test-based fertilizer recommendations and integrated plant nutrient management will help farmers to conserve fertilizers as well as sustain soil health and high rates of productivity.

The sustainability of fertilizer usage in the rice production system and its influencers; evidence from Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT The advent of the green revolution, besides increasing crop yields, has also substantially increased the use of synthetic fertilizers, posing adverse effects on the environment and human health. In the present study, we aimed to gain insights into the fertilizer usage patterns of paddy farmers of the Lower Bhavani Project canal region of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, through interviews, and also tried to map the individual’s source of information regarding fertilizer usage using Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results revealed that the farmers were excessively using an average of 21 kg of N, 28 kg of P2O5 and 16 kg of K2O per acre than the recommended level. By converting the excessive nitrogen usage by farmers into carbon dioxide equivalent, we found that the excess nitrogen use has resulted in around 2,552 kg of carbon dioxide emission, which would require a year by 122 trees for absorption. By mapping the individual’s source of information using SNA, we found that progressive farmers and relative farmers were the vital information sources for fertilizer usage than the agricultural officers. It is noteworthy that the awareness and adoption of biofertilizers among the surveyed farmers were very low as only 10.2% were aware of and 1.2% were adopting biofertilizers. These findings may help formulate suitable policies for rationalizing fertilizer usage by farmers to minimize fertilizer misuse, which, if left unchecked, may pose a serious concern to the environment and human health in the coming years.

Characterization of Vertisols Fertility Status and Their Implications on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Farming in Semi-Arid Areas of Itigi District in Tanzania

The study was conducted to assess biophysical and chemical properties of vertisols of Itigi District and examine their suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) farming. Six soil composite samples were collected from top and subsoil of three selected farms used for growing chickpea and named as ITG-P1, ITG-P2 and ITG-P3. All profiles had a depth of 144 cm with heavy clay texture. pH levels varied from slight acidic to moderate alkaline, thus, favoring chickpea production. Exch. bases including Mg, K, and Na ranged from low to medium while Exch. Ca and CEC were high in all profiles, thereby, providing supportive environment for growth of chickpea. Available P was low and ranged from 0.54 to 2.10 mg/kg which was crucial for chickpea production necessitating fertilization with 30 to 80 kg of P2O5 /ha depending on the P available. The level of K varied as in ITG-P2 was adequate (>15 cmol(+)/kg) while in ITG-P1 and ITG-P3 was very low (<2 cmol(+)/kg) necessitating application of 30 kg of K2O/ha for chickpea production. Studied profiles had a slight difference in assessed characteristics, hence, the need to understand fertilizer demand for chickpea production was important. Understanding fertility status of soils is important before investing in crop production where such information is not known.

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) Improve Phosphorus Availability from Various Sources in Alkaline Soils

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major essential macronutrients for plants, applied to soil in the form of phosphatic fertilizers and organic manures. The application of PSB to soils can replace or partially reduce use of inorganic P fertilizers and could be one of the cost effective, highly efficient, and sustainable approaches to conserve P resources. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PSB in phosphorus (P) availability from organic, mineral and natural sources. For this purpose, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was consisting of four sources of P [poultry manure (PM), farm yard manure (FYM), rock phosphate (RP) and single supper phosphate (SSP)] for obtaining 45 mg P2O5 kg-1 and two types of inoculation (control and PSB) arranged in two factorial complete randomized design with three replications. Resultantly, PSB inoculation significantly improved. P availability at all incubation interval except day zero. A 3.4%, 5.4%, 12% and 16 % increased were observed in P as compared to control, at day 7, 14, 28 and 56 respectively. Similarly, significant differences were observed in P release for P sources at all incubation intervals. Initially higher P release was observed for SSP but at day 14 onward PM and FYM proved to be the best P releasable sources as compared to mineral P sources. RP released the lowest P at all incubation intervals however it performed statistically at par to SSP at 56 days. The significant interactive effect of P sources and PSB at day 28 and 56 demonstrated that soil receiving P from organic sources inoculated with PSB released higher P than other treatments combination. Thus, it is suggested that P must be applied from organic P sources (PM and FYM) along with PSB inoculation for better P nutrition and crop yield.

Reconstruction of fertiliser prescription equations for hybrid bhendi under drip fertigation through STCR-IPNS approach on Inceptisol

A field experiment was conducted on Palaviduthi soil series (Typic haplustalf, Red non- calcareous, sandy loam soil) by adopting the Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) under Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) approach during rabi season of 2021-22 with the main objective of reconstruction of fertiliser prescription equations for hybrid bhendi (COBhH-4) under drip fertigation using the existing fertiliser prescription equations for bhendi variety grown under conventional method fertiliser application and surface irrigation on a Periyanaickenpalayam soil series (Vertic Ustropept, Mixed black calcareous, clay loam soil). The field experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz., absolute control, FYM @6.25 and @ 12.5 alone, STCR-NPK alone and STCR-IPNS for targeted yield of 18, 20 and 24 t ha-1, blanket recommendation with 100% RDF (200:100:100 kg NPK ha-1) and 100% RDF + 12.5 t ha-1 FYM which were replicated thrice in randomized block design (RBD). The basic parameters viz., nutrient requirement (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertiliser (Cf) and farmyard manure (Cfym) were calculated from field experiment data. It has been found that the nutrient requirement (NR) for producing one quintal of bhendi fruit 0.52 kg of N, 0.18 kg of P2O5 and 0.59 kg of K2O were required. The per cent contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs) as 22.63, 28.69 and 10.03 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively, per cent contribution from fertilisers (Cf) as 39.34, 22.65 and 55.18 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively and per cent contribution from FYM (Cfym) as 35.79 for N, 9.40 for P2O5 and 27.58 for K2O. Using these basic parameters, the fertiliser prescription equations were reconstructed by adopting Soil Test Crop Response under Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR-IPNS) and nomograms were formulated for the suitable yield target of hybrid bhendi for a range of soil test values under drip fertigation.

Soil Test based Targeted yield equations for blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) through Integrated Plant Nutrition System on Alfisol

Using Ramamoorthy's inductive methodology for assessing the soil test based crop requirement by adopting an Integrated Plant Nutrition System to create Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) for blackgram with the prime objective of attaining the targeted yield by the farmers. A field experiment was conducted out on red non-calcareous sandy loam soil belonging to the Palaviduthi soil series (Typic Rhodustalf) during rabi 2021-22. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments viz., STCR - NPK alone and STCR - IPNS for yield targets 1.0,1.2,and 1.4 t ha-1, Blanket (25:50:25) @ 100% with and without FYM (12.5 t ha-1), FYM alone @ 6.25 and 12.5 t ha-1 and absolute control in randomized block design with three replications. From the experimental data, basic parameters viz., nutrient requirement (NR), per cent contribution from soil (Cs), per cent contribution from fertilizers (Cf), and per cent contribution from FYM (Cfym) were computed. The quantity of fertilizers contributed by the application of Farmyard manure was assessed. It has been found that the nutrient requirement for producing one quintal grain of blackgram was 4.77 kg of N, 4.50 kg of P2O5, and 5.05 kg of K2O. The per cent contribution from soil (Cs) was 15.61, 29.91, and 8.12 for N, P, and K respectively and the percent contribution from fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) was 48.61 and 37.19 for N, 44.78, and 14.63 for P2O5 and 55.72 and 31.71 for K2O. FPEs for blackgram were generated using these basic parameters through a Soil Test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR-IPNS). Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) created in this mode were used to create nomograms for a range of soil test values and yield targets. Thus the Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model used to develop fertilizer prescription equations provides a strong basis for soil nutrient maintenance consistent with high productivity and efficient nutrient management in farming for sustainable and enduring agriculture.

Utilization of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck (Beijerinck)] on plant growth and nutrient uptake of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) grown in different fertilizer applications

This study was employed as a pot experiment in the controlled greenhouse conditions in order to investigate the effect of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck (Beijerinck)] application on plant growth and nutrient uptake of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) grown in different doses of mineral fertilizer applications. Sieved soil in 3-liter pots was used as the growing medium. Equal amount of irrigation was applied to all pots during the period from seed sowing to the end of the experiment. Microalgae application was applied twice (100 ml and 150 ml per pot) to the seedling-growing medium. As chemical fertilizer, 0%, 50% and 100% of NPK (160 mg N kg-1, 80 mg P2O5 kg-1, and 100 mg K2O kg-1) were applied. As the parameters in garden cress, shoot height, shoot fresh weight, total soluble content (TSS), chlorophyll amount (SPAD value) and some nutrients element (K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) contents were examined. At the end of the study, microalgae applications were found to have a promising effect on plant growth and some nutrient uptake. It was observed that the values of the studied traits generally increased in the microalgae application compared to the control group.

Gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical efficiency of sesame under salt stress and phosphate fertilization

Salt stress is a threat to irrigated agriculture, especially in semi-arid regions, as it can cause irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus at any stage of plant development, reducing chlorophyll biosynthesis, which compromises the photochemical efficiency and the photosynthetic process of plants. In this respect, phosphorus fertilization stands out as an alternative to mitigate the effects of salt stress on plants. Therefore, the present study investigated the growth, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical efficiency of sesame cv. BRS Seda irrigated with saline water and fertilized with phosphorus. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted as lysimeters in a greenhouse in Pombal - PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks and analyzed in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement with five levels of electrical conductivity of water (ECw: 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1) and four phosphorus rates (40, 70, 100, and 130% of the recommended dose for pot trials), in three replicates. The 100% recommendation consisted of applying 300 mg P2O5 kg-1 of soil. Sesame growth, chloroplast pigments, and gas exchange decreased with water salinity above 0.3 dS m-1. The application of 100 and 130% of the recommended phosphorus rate minimized the effects of salt stress on CO2 assimilation rate and photosynthetic pigment synthesis. The increase from 40 to 130% of the recommended phosphorus rate did not change the photochemical efficiency of sesame cv. BRS Seda at 60 days after sowing.

The Effect of Use of Microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck (Beijerinck)] in Different Fertilizer Applications on Plant Growth of Garden Rocket (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa Mill.)

This study was carried out as a pot experiment in controlled greenhouse conditions in order to reveal the effect of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck (Beijerinck)] application on plant growth of rocket salad (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa Mill.) in different doses of fertilizer applications. Sieved soil in 3-liter pots was used as the growing medium. Equal amount of irrigation was applied to all pots during the period from seed sowing to the end of the experiment. Microalgae application was applied twice (100 ml and 150 per pot) to the seedling growing medium. As chemical fertilizer, 0%, 50% and 100% of NPK (160 mg N kg-1, 80 mg P2O5 kg-1, and 100 mg K2O kg-1) were applied. As parameters in rocket plants, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf relative water content, membrane damage index, total soluble content, and some nutrients (K, Ca, Na, Zn, Cu, and Mn) contents were examined. According to the data obtained, microalgae applications were found to have a positive effect on plant growth in general. It was observed that the values increased in most parameters examined in algae-applied applications compared to the control group. Among the applications, the best values were found in 50% fertilizer + microalgae and 100% fertilizer + microalgae applications.

50­річна динаміка вмісту рухомих сполук азоту, фосфору і калію в чорноземі опідзоленому за даними стаціонарного польового досліду

Goal. To establish the regularities of dynamics of changes in the supply of basic nutrients at the systematic use of mineral fertilizers and after the cessation of their application. Methods. Statistical-mathematical analysis of observations on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and potassium in degraded chornozem of the stationary field experiment with fertilizers in 1970 -2020 on the territory of SE «SF Hrakivske» of NSC ISSA named after O.N. Sokolovskyi» (Kharkiv district, Kharkiv oblast). Results. Without the use of mineral fertilizers, the content of mineral nitrogen in the arable layer of the soil depends on the number of deposits and mostly corresponds to gradations of very low or low levels, and the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium corresponds to the limits of low and medium supply of these elements. With the systematic application of mineral fertilizers, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil increases at the rate of 50 kg of the active substance (a.s.) per 1 ha with an intensity of 2.3 mg/kg per year and 1.2 mg/kg per year, at the rate of 100 kg a.s. per 1 ha — 3.1 mg/kg per year and 2.4 mg/kg per year, respectively. The consumption of phosphorus fertilizers to change the content of mobile P2O5 in the arable soil layer by 1 mg/kg depends on the duration of systematic fertilization and is 13.1-25.9 kg of P2O5 per 1 ha. The cost of potassium fertilizers to change the content of mobile K2O in the arable soil layer by 1 mg/kg is much higher than phosphorus and on average during the experiment was 49.5 kg a.s./ha. After the cessation of fertilizer application, there was a decrease in the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil in the first 10 years by 5.5 mg P2O5/kg per year, 20 years — by 4.8 mg P2O5/kg, for 30 years — by 4.1 mg P2O5/kg. The reduction of mobile potassium content in the soil after the cessation of fertilizer application is almost twice as fast as phosphorus. Conclusions. Using modeling of different levels of mobile phosphorus and potassium, the intensity of changes in the trophic state of the soil with the systematic application of mineral fertilizers under field crop rotation and after the cessation of fertilization. The estimated costs ic calculated of the active substance of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to increase the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium by 1 mg/kg of soil, as well as the intensity of its reduction with extensive use of chornozem (without mineral fertilizers).

Sewage sludge as organic matrix in the manufacture of organomineral fertilizers: Physical forms, environmental risks, and nutrients recycling

The use of organomineral fertilizers (OMFs) has grown worldwide, mainly in tropical conditions, combining economics and environmental management. Our study used a sewage sludge (SS) rich in Zn as the organic matrix in the manufacture of OMFs, with the following objectives: i) to select the best OMF physical form; ii) to evaluate environmental risks associated with their application; iii) to recycle SS nutrients for soybean (Glycine max) production; iv) to verify their benefits to soil microbial activity and other soil functions. For each soil individually, a clay and a sandy clay loam, six treatments were tested: control (CT, without fertilization); mineral fertilization (MF); MF plus Zn and B (MFZn + B); and three distinct physical forms for the OMFs [powder (Pw), granule (G), and pellet (Pt)], all calculated to provide 100 kg of P2O5 and performed in four blocks. Amending SS-OMFs did not represent an environmental risk in terms of spreading pathogens and hazardous trace elements. In comparison with MFs, SS-OMFs enhanced nutrients accumulation, pod numbers, and nodulation, as well as soil microbial activity, but did not affect shoot and root dry masses and enzymatic activities at early stages of soybean development (60 d after planting). They were also capable to supply Zn and B to plants and their distinct physical forms did not affect microbiological indicators of soil quality or nutrients accumulation in plant tissues. Overall, SS-OMFs seems to be a promising alternative for sustainable use of SSs in soybeans avoiding their disposal in landfills, but field studies are still needed to ratify the findings under more realistic conditions.

RESOURCES OF MAIN MACRONUTRIENTS IN NATURAL FERTILIZERS IN POLAND

Results of analysis of the consumption of particular macronutrients in natural fertilizers in Poland are discussed in the paper. Analysis included the consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in particular types of natural fertilizers, both in relation to the fertilized area and agricultural land. The study period covered the years 2018-2019. The amount of macronutrient resources of natural fertilizers was determined at a voivodship level. As a result of data analysis, it was shown that more than 80% of NPK macronutrients were applied to the soil in the form of manure. In Poland, total NPK consumption in manure was estimated at about 80 kg/ha UAA, including 27.4 kg of N, 17.3 kg of P2O5 and 33.5 kg of K2O. The highest doses of NPK components in natural fertilizers, on a fertilized area, were applied in the Lubuskie, Podlaskie, Lubelskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeships, as well as the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. In none of the voivodeships did the average dose of nitrogen used in manure exceed the permissible level of 170 kg of N/ha. In terms of intensity of macronutrient fertilization from natural fertilizers, the Podlaskie Voivodeship came first, which confirms its importance in terms of animal production and its significance for the development of bioeconomy in Poland.

Soil fertility and yield of ‘Paluma’ guava fertilized with phosphorus, cattle manure, and boron

ABSTRACT The low soil fertility associated with the lack of adequate irrigation management are factors that most limit crop production. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of an Oxisol and the yield of ‘Paluma’ guava under irrigation with saline water and fertilized with phosphorus, cattle manure, and boron. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with four repetitions and two plants per plot, including borders on the sides of the useful experimental area, arranged in a factorial scheme (5 × 2) + 1, referring to five phosphorus doses (0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24 and 0.32 kg of P2O5 plant-1), two doses of cattle manure, 0 and 30 kg per plant and an additional treatment consisting of 0.16 kg of P2O5 plus 30 kg of cattle manure and 1.0 g of boron, using as source the borax. In the soil, pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the cation exchange capacity were evaluated in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers. In plants, the average yield per hectare in two harvests was estimated. The pH decreased with phosphorus doses without cattle manure and in the treatment with boron in the 20-40 cm layer. The cation exchange capacity increased with the application of phosphorus doses associated with manure and decreased in both soil layers with boron. The macronutrients evaluated were not influenced by boron. Phosphorus doses associated with cattle manure increased yield, exceeding the average of 50 t ha-1 year-1 determined for ‘Paluma’ guava. In contrast, boron did not increased the yield.

Influence of lime, phosphorus and boron on performance of maize (Zea mays L.)in acidic soil of Nagaland

A pot experiment was conducted in an acidic sandy clay loam soil during the kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to study the performance of maize using two lime levels (0 and ¼ lime of LR), four phosphorus levels (0, 13.4, 26.8 and 40.2 mg P2O5 kg-1) and three boron levels (0, 0.45 and 0.90 mg B kg-1) with maize as test crop. The experiment was designed in complete randomized design with three replications. Results revealed that plant height, number of leaves and leaf area index increased appreciably with the advancement of age of the crop and maximum values were recorded at harvest. Application of ¼ lime of LR increased plant height at harvest, grain and stover yield to the extent of 13.1, 24.6 and 23.0%, respectively over control. Phosphorus and boron uptake increased significantly with lime application and enhanced by 45.9, 27.0% in grain and 44.5 and 29.3% in stover, respectively over control. Application of phosphorus significantly enhanced the growth attributes, yield attributes, grain and stover yield and P and B uptake except rows per cob and test weight and the highest values of these parameters were recorded with 40.2 mg P2O5 kg-1. However, grain and stover yield and P and B uptake in grain and stover remained statistically at par with 26.8 mg P2O5 kg-1application.Application of 26.8 mg P2O5 kg-1 enhanced plant height at harvest, grain and stover yield by 21.2, 23.2 and 19.8%, respectively over control. Plant height, leaves plant-1, cob length, cob girth, grains row-1, grains cob-1, grain and stover yield and P and B uptake were influenced significantly with boron application and maximum values were recorded with 0.90 mg B kg-1. At harvest plant height, grain and stover yield was increased by 4.9, 10.9 and 10.6%, respectively with application of 0.90 mg B kg-1 over control. Lime application significantly increased the available P and B status of post harvest soil. Application of P and B significantly improved their respective status in post harvest soil.Thus, results suggested that application of ¼ lime of LR along with 26.8 mg kg-1 P2O5 and 0.90 mg kg-1 boron proved beneficial for cultivation of maize in acidic soil condition of Nagaland.

Immediate one-step lime precipitation process for the valorization of winery wastewater to agricultural purposes.

The winery wastewater (WW) of the Village of Vidigueira, in south of Portugal, presented an acid pH (4.26 ± 0.029), a high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD = 3236 ± 30.43 mg L-1), turbidity (160.0 ± 7.68 NTU), total P (155.5 ± 6.36 mg L-1) K (100.5 mg L-1), and low level of metals: Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Zn. The K and the total P content could make them attractive from an agricultural point of view. However, the high turbidity biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 = 1266.7 ± 208.7 mg O2 L-1)fecal coliforms (45 ± 29.8 ufc/100 mL) and toxicological total phenols 13.239 ± 3.007 mg galic acid L-1 is the main limiting parameters. By using 5 g L-1 oflime solution, the best reactional conditions are achieved: pH = 12 with a minimum volume of the produced sludge's, 33.5 ± 4.92 mL L-1. These reactional conditions allow reaching high removal levels of BOD5, turbidity, total P, and total phenols: 77.9, 98.7%, 87.1%, and 99.9%, respectively. Simultaneously, the fecal coliforms and Enterococcus are 100% eliminated. The precipitate obtained is rich in calcium (2.7891 ± 0.4350 mg Ca kg-1) organic matter (10.05 ± 0.11%), P (895.0 ± 35.4 mg P2O5 kg-1), and K (990.0 ± 84.9 mg K2O kg-1). During carbonatation reactions, the pH (7.46) and electrical conductivity (EC) (1.805 dS m-1) decreased spontaneously while the Ca2+, K+, and F- kept high: 426.53 mg L-1, 240.53 mg L-1, 176.03 mg L-1, respectively.

Optimization of integrated nutrient recommendations through soil test crop response approach for forage oats (Avena sativa L.) in a Mollisol

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2018-19 to optimize integrated nutrient recommendations through soil test crop response approach for forage oats (Avena sativa L.) grown in a Mollisol of Uttarakhand. The experiment was conducted as per the technical programme and methodology of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Soil Test Crop Response Correlation (STCR). Response of forage oats to selected combinations of three levels of farmyard manure (0, 5 and 10 t FYM ha-1), four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four levels of potassium (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha-1) at different soil fertility levels was studied. It was found that to produce one quintal forage yield, forage oats required 0.27 kg of N, 0.03 kg of P2O5 and 0.32 kg of K2O with FYM. The per cent contributions of N, P2O5 and K2O were 71.4, 33.7 and 59.9 from soil and 73.0, 7.51 and 90.4 from FYM, 89.6, 50.8 and 302.7 from chemical fertilizers and 102.4, 52.9 and 351.5 from conjoint use of chemical fertilizers with FYM. Using these data, fertilizer prescription equations were developed for adjusting fertilizer dose in forage oats for different range of soil test values and desired yield targets.