P3 Concentration Research Articles

Muatan Karakter Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada Teks Sastra Buku Cerdas Cergas Terbitan Pemerintah SMA Kelas X Kurikulum Merdeka

The Pancasila student profile must be included in the Merdeka curriculum. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the character content of the Pancasila Student Profile (P3) in the book Cergas Smart published by the Class X SMA Independence Curriculum. This research uses qualitative methods combined with note-taking techniques. The research results prove that smart cermat contains all P3 content which includes faith, piety and noble morals, global diversity, mutual cooperation, creativity, critical reasoning and independence. From these accusations, the most dominant reasons are faith, piety and mutual cooperation.

Growth and Yield of Seedless Watermelon Plants in Response to Soil Amendment Application

This research aims to evaluate the effect of soil amendment concentration on the growth and yield of seedless watermelon plants. This research was carried out at the agricultural land that located in Kumendung Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Four soil amendment concentrations (P1: 7.5 ml/liter, P2: 10 ml/liter, P3: 12.5 ml/liter, P4: 15 ml/liter) were tested on 132 watermelon plants in a randomized block experimental design. The results showed that the concentration of soil amendment affected the nutrient content of the soil with the highest concentrations in P1 and P3. Even though soil pH is relatively stable, the concentration of soil amendment affects the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content in the soil. In terms of plant growth, P3 concentration consistently provide a better plant height at various stages of observation. The fruit yield is also affected by the used of concentration of soil amendment, P3 treatment produces the highest fruit weight and fruit yield of P1 concentration have the highest level of sweetness. Based on the observation results, application of the right soil amendment concentration will increase growth and yield of seedless watermelon, which in this study the best yield obtained with P3 (12.5 ml/liter) application. These results could give an important implication to improving the productivity of seedless watermelon cultivation, especially in areas that have less fertile soil, such as Kumendung Village, Banyuwangi.

Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antibiofilm activity of new peptides produced by a Brevibacillus strain.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is listed as a highly prioritized pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) to search for effective antimicrobial agents. Previously, we isolated a soil Brevibacillus sp. strain SPR19 from a botanical garden, which showed anti-MRSA activity. However, the active substances were still unknown. The cell-free supernatant of this bacterium was subjected to salt precipitation, cation exchange, and reversed-phase chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of pure substances was determined by broth microdilution assay. The peptide sequences and secondary structures were characterized by tandem mass spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD), respectively. The most active anti-MRSA peptide underwent a stability study, and its mechanism was determined through scanning electron microscopy, cell permeability assay, time-killing kinetics, and biofilm inhibition and eradication. Hemolysis was used to evaluate the peptide toxicity. The pure substances (BrSPR19-P1 to BrSPR19-P5) were identified as new peptides. Their minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus and MRSA isolates ranged from 2.00 to 32.00 and 2.00 to 64.00 µg/mL, respectively. The sequence analysis of anti-MRSA peptides revealed a length ranging from 12 to 16 residues accompanied by an amphipathic structure. The physicochemical properties of peptides were predicted such as pI (4.25 to 10.18), net charge at pH 7.4 (-3 to +4), and hydrophobicity (0.12 to 0.96). The CD spectra revealed that all peptides in the water mainly contained random coil structures. The increased proportion of α-helix structure was observed in P2-P5 when incubated with SDS. P2 (NH2-MFLVVKVLKYVV-COOH) showed the highest antimicrobial activity and high stability under stressed conditions such as temperatures up to 100 °C, solution of pH 3 to 10, and proteolytic enzymes. P2 disrupted the cell membrane and caused bacteriolysis, in which its action was dependent on the incubation time and peptide concentration. Antibiofilm activity of P2 was determined by which the half-maximal inhibition of biofilm formation was observed at 2.92 and 4.84 µg/mL for S. aureus TISTR 517 and MRSA isolate 2468, respectively. Biofilm eradication of tested pathogens was found at the P2 concentration of 128 µg/mL. Furthermore, P2 hemolytic activity was less than 10% at concentrations up to 64 µg/mL, which reflected the hemolysis index thresholds of 32. Five novel anti-MRSA peptides were identified from SPR19. P2 was the most active peptide and was demonstrated to cause membrane disruption and cell lysis. The P2 activity was dependent on the peptide concentration and exposure time. This peptide had antibiofilm activity against tested pathogens and was compatible with human erythrocytes, supporting its potential use as an anti-MRSA agent in this post-antibiotic era.

Leaf character of sugar palm on various shades and concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer

Palm sugar has been developed to produce various products and raw materials for their derivatives. There is a very high morphological diversity of sugar palm plants, while the morphological identification of different sugar palm plant species in Banten province is still limited. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of different treatments, such as shade percentage, liquid organic fertilizer concentration, and a combination of both, on the properties of palm leaves. The experimental design used in this study was the 2-factor RCBD split plot with 3 levels each. The first factor is the variation of the shadow percentage, namely N0 (no shadow), N1 (55% shadow), and N2 (85% shadow). The second factor is different concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (POC), namely P0 (0 ml/liter water), P1 (1 ml/liter water), and P2 (2 ml/liter water). The results showed that different types of shade yielded insignificant results in terms of variable number of leaves, total leaf area, and leaf greenness. The different types of liquid organic fertilizer concentration treatments and treatment combinations of shade percentage and liquid organic fertilizer concentrations did not influence any of the observed variables.Keywords: growth, organic fertilizer, palm, shade

Effects of Black Soldier Fly oil and calcium soap supplementation on rumen fermentability of Garut Sheep

Fat is a source of energy for livestock, with low heat metabolic, but dietary fat had negative impact for rumen fermentation. Calcium soap can protect fat for ruminant. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of rumen fermentation in Garut sheep fed with suplements of BSF (Hermetia illucens) oil and BSF Calcium soap. This research used fifteen male Garut sheep with an average body weight of 29.90 ± 3.71 kg. This research used randomized block design consisting of three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diet without supplementation BSF oil or Calcium soap (P1), diet with BSF oil suplementation 4% (P2) and diet with BSF Calcium soap suplementation 4% (P3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further test with Duncan test. The analysis showed that the rumen pH value, ammonia concentration, and protozoa population in the rumen were not affected by the treatments. Concentration of VFA and population of rumen bacteria were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. The total VFA concentration of P3 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than P1 and P2. Rumen bacteria population of P3 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than P1 and or P2. It can be concluded that supplementation of BSF Calcium soap improve rumen fermentation indicated by higher VFA concentration and bacteria population in the rumen.

EFEKTIFITAS EKSRAK DAUN PEPAYA SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT JAMUR Fusarium PENYEBAB REBAH KECAMBAH PADA CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.)

big chili (Capsicum year L.) is an important vegetable commodity in Indonesia which is widely used as a cooking flavouring. In addition to protein, fat and carbohydrate nutrients, large chilies also contain vitamins A, B1 and vitamin C which are substances needed for human health (Prayudi , 2010). Red chili production in Indonesia in 2019 amounted to 12,144,1900 tons with a harvested area of ​​133,434 hectares and in Bengkulu province 378,1200 tons with a harvested area of ​​6,489 hectares. Whereas in 2020 in Indonesia it was 12,641,9000 tons with a harvested area of ​​133,434 ha and red chili production in Bengkulu reaching 396,3800 tons per 6,510 hectares (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2020). Judging from the data above, chili production in Indonesia will increase in 2020 and Bengkulu province will also experience an increase in 2020.This research will be carried out from June to July 2022, the research location is in Meranti Jaya Village, Ujan Mas District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 treatment factor, namely papaya leaf extract consisting of 5 levels with 3 replications and each replication consisted of 10 samples, with a dose of p0 = 0 ml/liter of water, p1 = 10 ml/liter of water, p2= 15 ml/liter of water, p3= 20 ml/liter of water, p4= 25 ml/liter of water. The number of plants in the study was P x T x U = 5 x 10 x 3 = 150 plants. Based on the results of variance, it is known that the concentration of papaya leaf extract p1 and p2 has shown a decrease in fungal attackFusarium oxysporum but the inhibitory effect was stronger at concentrations of p3 and p4. it proves that papaya leaf extract has an anti-fungicidal effect against fungiFusarium oxysporum.The research showed that the lower the concentration of the extract given, the less the inhibitory power and the less anti-fungal content, and vice versa if the concentration of the extract given is higher, the anti-fungal content in the extract can be sufficient in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. So it can be concluded that there was a significant effect on the application of papaya leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and the most effective doses in inhibiting the fungus Fusarium oxysporum were p3 and p4.&#x0D;

Bioinspired Membrane Interfaces: Controlling Actomyosin Architecture and Contractility.

The creation of biologically inspired artificial lipid bilayers on planar supports provides a unique platform to study membrane-confined processes in a well-controlled setting. At the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, the linkage of the filamentous (F)-actin network is of pivotal importance leading to cell-specific and dynamic F-actin architectures, which are essential for the cell's shape, mechanical resilience, and biological function. These networks are established through the coordinated action of diverse actin-binding proteins and the presence of the plasma membrane. Here, we established phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns[4,5]P2)-doped supported planar lipid bilayers to which contractile actomyosin networks were bound via the membrane-actin linker ezrin. This membrane system, amenable to high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, enabled us to analyze the connectivity and contractility of the actomyosin network. We found that the network architecture and dynamics are not only a function of the PtdIns[4,5]P2 concentration but also depend on the presence of negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS). PS drives the attached network into a regime, where low but physiologically relevant connectivity to the membrane results in strong contractility of the actomyosin network, emphasizing the importance of the lipid composition of the membrane interface.

Effect of soursop leaf extract solution on the death of armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) on mustard plants

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a type of vegetable plant that is widely cultivated because the content in it is beneficial for the body. Cultivation of mustard plants is experiencing problems, namely a decrease in production caused by armyworm attacks. Therefore, it is necessary to have an environmentally friendly control to suppress this pest population. One of the control methods that can be used is by using soursop leaves. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 factor, with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments used included P1 (control), P2 (concentration 10 g/l extract), P3 (concentration 20 g/l extract, and P4 (concentration 30 g/l extract). The results obtained showed treatment P4 soursop leaf extract solution was effectively used in the control of armyworms P4 is the best concentration be able to kill the armyworm (Spodoptera litura) amounted to 80% within 24 hours of observation after being treated, with a concentration of 30 g per liter because it showed the best results on all parameters, and the LC50 value in this study was at a dose of 16.64 g/l.

Studies on effect of betel nut extract solution on mortality of armyworm Areca (Spodoptera litura F.) on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value. However, in the processof cultivation, this plant experienced problems which resulted in a decrease in total production yields andeven resulted in crop failure caused by pest attacks, one of which was armyworm. Therefore, it is necessaryto have an environmentally friendly control to suppress this pest population. One way of controlling thatcan be used is to use areca nut. This research was conducted in September 2021 – October 2021 at theProduction Laboratory of the Department of Agro ecotechnology, LambungMangkurat University,Banjarbaru. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 factor, with 5treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used included P0 (control), P1(concentration 1 g/l water), P2 (concentration 5 g/l water, P3 (concentration 10 g/l water), and P4(concentration 15 g/l water). The results obtained showed that P4 treatment with a concentration of 15 g/l of water was effective in controlling armyworms because it showed the best results in the percentage oftotal mortality, and resulted in a mortality of more than 50% within 42 hours of observation after beingtreated and the LC50 value in this study was at a dose of 44.309 g/l.

Selective adsorption of various phosphorus species coexistence in water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate on goethite: Experimental investigation and molecular dynamics simulation

The geochemical processes of polyphosphates (poly-Ps) are important for phosphorus (P) management and environmental protection. Water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate (APP) containing various P species has been increasingly used as an alternative P-fertilizer. The various P species coexistence and the chelation of poly-Ps with mental would trigger the P's competitive adsorption and affect the APP's adsorption intensity on goethite, compared to single orthophosphate (P1). P adsorption behaviors of APP1 with two P species and APP2 with seven P species on goethite were investigated via batch experiments in comparison to the traditional P-fertilizer of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP). Coadsorption of P1 and pyrophosphate (P2) on goethite was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The more Fe3+ dissolved from goethite as a bridge due to the chelation of poly-Ps in APP and contributed to the stronger APP adsorption on goethite compared with MAP. Ion chromatography and spectral analysis showed P1 and P2 in APP were mainly adsorbed by goethite via mainly forming bidentate complexes. The goethite preferentially adsorbed P1 at lower APP concentration but increased the poly-Ps’ adsorption at higher APP concentration. MD simulation showed that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds played a key role in water-phosphates-goethite systems. The P1 pre-adsorbed on goethite could be replaced by P2 at high P2 concentration. The results develop new insights regarding the selective adsorption of various P species coexistence in goethite-rich environments.

Pengaruh Penambahan Monosodium Fosfat pada Pembuatan Processed Cheese dengan Koagulan Sari Nanas terhadap Kadar Air, Rendemen, dan Akseptabilitas

Processed cheese is a natural cheese that has undergone further processing to produce a more homogeneous texture. Bromelain enzyme derived from pineapple fruit which was used as a coagulant. Emulsifier in the form of monosodium phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ) was used as an emulsifier. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the NaH 2 PO 4 addition on moisture content, yield, and acceptability of processed cheese with pineapple juice coagulant. This research was conducted by experimental method using a completely randomized design with a significance level of 5% for 3 treatment concentrations (P1=2%, P2-3%, and P3=4%). Each treatment was repeated 6 times. If there was a difference, Duncan’s further test is carried out. Acceptability data was tested using Kruskal-Wallis, if there was a difference, the Mann-Whitney further test was carried out. The results showed that the use of NaH2PO4 with concentration of P1 (2%), P2 (3%) and P3 (4%) had no effect on moisture content and yield. The best acceptability value was found in P2 (3%) with a numerical scale for the best taste, namely 3.67 (slightly like-like), color 3.73 (slightly like-like), aroma 4.27 (like-like very much), texture 3.60 (slightly like-like), and the total acceptance is 3.53 (slightly like-like).

Impact of Ca2+-Induced PI(4,5)P2 Clusters on PH-YFP Organization and Protein-Protein Interactions.

Despite its low abundance, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is a key modulator of membrane-associated signaling events in eukaryotic cells. Temporal and spatial regulation of PI(4,5)P2 concentration can achieve localized increases in the levels of this lipid, which are crucial for the activation or recruitment of peripheral proteins to the plasma membrane. The recent observation of the dramatic impact of physiological divalent cation concentrations on PI(4,5)P2 clustering, suggests that protein anchoring to the plasma membrane through PI(4,5)P2 is likely not defined solely by a simple (monomeric PI(4,5)P2)/(protein bound PI(4,5)P2) equilibrium, but instead depends on complex protein interactions with PI(4,5)P2 clusters. The insertion of PI(4,5)P2-binding proteins within these clusters can putatively modulate protein–protein interactions in the membrane, but the relevance of such effects is largely unknown. In this work, we characterized the impact of Ca2+ on the organization and protein–protein interactions of PI(4,5)P2-binding proteins. We show that, in giant unilamellar vesicles presenting PI(4,5)P2, the membrane diffusion properties of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains tagged with a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) are affected by the presence of Ca2+, suggesting direct interactions between the protein and PI(4,5)P2 clusters. Importantly, PH-YFP is found to dimerize in the membrane in the absence of Ca2+. This oligomerization is inhibited in the presence of physiological concentrations of the divalent cation. These results confirm that cation-dependent PI(4,5)P2 clustering promotes interactions between PI(4,5)P2-binding proteins and has the potential to dramatically influence the organization and downstream interactions of PI(4,5)P2-binding proteins in the plasma membrane.

Probing the PIP2 dependence of the ASAP1 PH domain membrane binding by NMR and MD simulations

Association of the ASAP1 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain with multiple PI(4,5)P2 at the membrane surface participates to the regulation of the small GTPase Arf1 activity. However, the effect of local PI(4,5)P2 enrichment at the membrane is unclear beyond an increased affinity of ASAP1 PH for the membrane. In particular, how PI(4,5)P2 concentration affects the docking geometry of ASAP1 PH is unknown. To determine the orientation of ASAP1 PH at the membrane interface, we explored the use of pseudo distance constraints obtained from NMR Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE) experiments.

Lactobacillus plantarum in Dual-Species Biofilms With Listeria monocytogenes Enhanced the Anti-Listeria Activity of a Commercial Disinfectant Based on Hydrogen Peroxide and Peracetic Acid.

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of dual-species biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes with Lactobacillus plantarum on the anti-Listeria activity of a hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid based commercial disinfectant (P3, Oxonia) when using conditions approaching the food industry environment. Nine strains of L. monocytogenes, including eight persistent strains collected from the meat industry and one laboratory control strain, were used in mono and in dual-species biofilms with a strain of L. plantarum. Biofilms were produced on stainless steel coupons (SSCs), at 11°C (low temperature) or at 25°C (control temperature), in TSB-YE (control rich medium) or in 1/10 diluted TSB-YE (mimicking the situation of biofilm formation after a deficient industrial cleaning procedure). The biofilm forming ability of the strains was evaluated by enumeration of viable cells, and the antibiofilm activity of P3 was assessed by the log reduction of viable cells on SSC. In both nutrient conditions and at low temperature, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between L. monocytogenes biofilm forming ability in mono- and in dual-species biofilms. In dual-species biofilms, L. monocytogenes was the dominant species. However, it was generally more susceptible to the lower concentration of P3 0.5% (v/v) than in pure culture biofilms. The presence of L. plantarum, although without significant interference in the number of viable cells of L. monocytogenes, enhanced the efficacy of the anti-Listeria activity of P3, since dual-species biofilms were easier to control. The results presented here reinforce the importance of the investigation into co-culture biofilms produced in food industry conditions, namely at low temperatures, when susceptibility to sanitizers is being assessed.

Response of Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees cv. “K18” to Foliar Application with Promalin and Salicylic Acid Under Field Conditions

This study was conducted in the olive orchard of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Iraq for the period from April 2019 to December 2019 to investigate the influence of foliar application with Promalin and Salicylic acid in some vegetative growth traits and chemical content of young olive (Olea europaea L.) trees cv.“K18”, Where 72 young trees were selected at the age of five years, homogeneous in their growth as much as possible. The experiment included a foliar spraying with growth regulator of promalin at three concentrations: (0, 25 and 50) mlL-1 which is symbolized by (P0, P1 and P2) respectively and foliar spraying with salicylic acid at four levels: (0, 50, 100 and 200) mgL-1 which is symbolized by (S0, S1, S2 and S3) respectively. A factorial experiment was conducted with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The two factors of the study showed a significant effect in all of the studied growth traits especially the foliar application treatment of promalin with P2 concentration and the spraying with salicylic acid at a concentration of S3 where achieved a significant superiority in average number and length of new branches, average increase in the number of leaves, leaf area, the percentage of dry matter in leaves, percentage of carbohydrates in branches, leaves content of nitrogen as well as total chlorophyll compared to the control treatment which achieved the lowest values.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Dan Takaran Pupuk Kandang Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) Varietas Grand Rapids

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of concentration liquid organic fertilizer and doses cow manure on the growth and yield of grand rapids variety of lettuce, carried out in the practice of Tanjungsari Sumedang SMK PPN, located at an altitude of 850 meters above sea level. The experiment starts from June 2018 to August 2018. The experimental design used was a Randomized Design facto pattern group consisting of two factors and repeated three times. The first factor is liquid organic fertilizer nasa (p) with 5 levels: p1 = 0 ml / liter of water, p2 = 1 ml / liter of water, p3 = 2 ml / liter of water, p4 = 3 ml / liter of water, p4 = 4 ml / liter of water. The second factor is cow manure (k) consisting of 4 levels, namely: k1 = 0 ton / ha, k2 = 5 ton / ha, k3 = 10 ton / ha, k4 = 15 ton / ha. The results of the experiment show: There was no interaction between liquid organic fertilizer and cowshed fertilizer on observations of plant height, number of leaves, weight per plant, weight per sample, weight per plot and root volume in lettuce. The treatment of liquid organic fertilizer at concentrations of p3 (3,0 ml/liter of water) showed the best results on plant height, number of leaves, and yield of weight per plot and significantly different from observations of weight per plant and root volume. Cow manure showed no significant effect on all plant height, number of leaves, weight per plant, weight per sample, weight per plot and root volume in lettuce.

The substitution effect of bone fish flour milkfish (Chanos chanos) physical and chemical characteristics of cookies

Confectionery is a relatively dry food grilled foods have lasting power is high, so it can be stored for a long time and is easy to carry while traveling, due to volume and weighs a relatively light due to the drying process. Physical and chemical characteristics of biscuits are factors that affect the quality of the final product. The content of the fish bone flour, namely: calcium 39.24%, 13.66% phosphorus, water content 5.60%, ash 81.13% bb bb 0.76% protein and 3.05% fat. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution of fish bone flour to the physical and chemical characteristics of the biscuit. This research was carried out experimentally with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment is given in the form of increasing concentration of 0% (as a control), 10%, 20% and 30%. Based on the research of fish flour of fish bones in the manufacture of biscuits to give effect to the chemical characteristics of the biscuit, but does not give effect to the physical characteristics of biscuits. The best treatment is found in treatment P3 concentration of 30%.

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair dengan Konsentrasi Urin dan MOL Berbeda terhadap Produksi Rumput Gajah Mini (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott)

Liquid organic fertilizer with the right concentration is expected to be a source of nutrients for the growth of mini elephant grass. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer with different concentrations of urine and Local Microorganism (LMO) on the production of mini elephant grass. The research method used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and each treatment consisted of 3 groups as replications. The treatments used were liquid organic fertilizer, with concentrations of P0 (as a control), P1 (100 % urine, 0 % LMO), P2 (90 % urine, 10 % LMO) and P3 (85 % urine, 15 % LMO). The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer with different concentrations of urine and MOL had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and production of fresh weight (g/clump). The liquid organic fertilizer with different urine and MOL concentrations has no significant effect on the growth and production of mini elephant grass.

Kajian Potensi Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) sebagai Desinfektan Alami terhadap Jamur pada Ruang Penyimpanan Susu

Morinda citrifolia can be used as a natural disinfectant on the milk storage space because it has an anti-fungal compound. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of Morinda citrifolia extract as a natural disinfectant to fungi in the milk storage room, is reviewed from a decrease in the number of mushrooms and identification of the type of fungi before and after the use of Morinda citrifolia extracts. The study was conducted experimentally using a complete random design (CRD) with four treatments of P0 (without using Morinda citrifolia), P1 (15% concentration of Morinda citrifolia extract), P2 (20% concentration of Morinda citrifolia extract), P3 (concentration 25% of Morinda citrifolia extracts) and six times the replay. The observed is a decrease in the number of fungi, identifying the type of fungi before the use of Morinda citrifolia extract, identification of the type of fungi after the use of Morinda citrifolia extract. The results showed that Morinda citrifolia extract had a noticeable effect on decreasing the number of fungi in the milk storage room, with a consecutive drop percentage of P0 = 25,12%, P1 = 58,12%, P2 = 61,89%, P3 = 70,59%. The result of identification of fungi type on milk storage Chamber is Cephalosporium sp, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Penicillium digitatum, Mucor sp. The decrease in the amount of the type of each fungus is Cephalosporium sp (68,13%), Aspergillus ochraceus (88%), Aspergillus flavu (87,94%), Penicillium purpurogenum (85,71%), Penicillium digitatum (95.73%), Mucor sp (59,57%).

IRSp53 is a novel interactor of SHIP2: A role of the actin binding protein Mena in their cellular localization in breast cancer cells

A tight control of the machineries regulating membrane bending and actin dynamics is very important for the generation of membrane protrusions, which are crucial for cell migration and invasion. Protein/protein and protein/phosphoinositides complexes assemble and disassemble to coordinate these mechanisms, the scaffold properties of the involved proteins playing a prominent role in this organization. The PI 5-phosphatase SHIP2 is a critical enzyme modulating PI(3,4,5)P3, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4)P2 content in the cell. The scaffold properties of SHIP2 contribute to the specific targeting or retention of the protein in particular subcellular domains. Here, we identified IRSp53 as a new binding interactor of SHIP2 proline-rich domain. Both proteins are costained in HEK293T cells protrusions, upon transfection. We showed that the SH3-binding polyproline motif recognized by IRSp53 in SHIP2 is different from the regions targeted by other PRR binding partners i.e., CIN85, ITSN or even Mena a common interactor of both SHIP2 and IRSp53. We presented evidence that IRSp53 phosphorylation on S366 did not influence its interaction with SHIP2 and that Mena is not necessary for the association of SHIP2 with IRSp53 in MDA-MB-231 cells. The absence of Mena in MDA-MB-231 cells decreased the intracellular content in F-actin and modified the subcellular localization of SHIP2 and IRSp53 by increasing their relative content at the plasma membrane. Together our data suggest that SHIP2, through interaction with the cell protrusion regulators IRSp53 and Mena, participate to the formation of multi-protein complexes. This ensures the appropriate modulations of PIs which is important for regulation of membrane dynamics.