Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus Sajor-caju Research Articles

Influence of waste paper supplementation to wheat straw on the growth of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor caju

Influence of waste paper supplementation to wheat straw on the growth of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor caju

Palm Press Fibre and Rice Straw for Cultivation Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)

Sawdust (SD) usually sourced from rubber plant is commonly used as substrate to cultivate the grey oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju in Malaysia. However, the market price of SD is increasing because of its declining availability. Thus, this study aimed to discover an alternative substrate to cultivate grey oyster mushroom. The raw materials used in the substrate were oil palm pressed fiber (PPF), rice straw (RS) and SD, either alone or in combination with different ratios including T1: 90% SD + 10% rice bran (commercial substrate as control); T2: 30% RS + 20% SD + 50% PPF; T3: 50% RS + 50% PPF; T4: 100% RS; and T5: 100% PPF. The suitability of the substrates was determined based on growth, yield, nutrition and mineral content in the mushrooms. The growth and yield of the mushroom fruiting body on the different substrates showed significant differences. The shortest harvesting day was obtained in T4 (100% RS) after 29 days, whereas the longest harvesting day was obtained in T1 (90% SD + 10% rice bran) after 51 days. The highest yield was obtained in T4. Nutrition analysis showed significant difference among the treatments. The highest amounts of protein (26%) and ash (1.29%) were found in T5. Overall, the results showed that mushroom yield performance was good in RS but nutritional content was the highest in PPF. Therefore, RS and PPF have good impact for mushroom growers either in commercial production or in functional food industry to reduce SD dependency.

Enhancing Activity of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Sing β-1,3-Glucanoligosaccharide (Ps-GOS) on Proliferation, Differentiation, and Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cells through the Involvement of BMP-2/Runx2/MAPK/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Osteoporosis is a leading world health problem that results from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. β-glucans has been extensively reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antiosteoporosis both in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for β-glucan-mediated bone formation in osteoblasts have not yet been investigated. The oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju produces abundant amounts of an insoluble β-glucan, which is rendered soluble by enzymatic degradation using Hevea glucanase to generate low-molecular-weight glucanoligosaccharide (Ps-GOS). This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic enhancing activity and underlining molecular mechanism of Ps-GOS on osteoblastogenesis of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In this study, it was demonstrated for the first time that low concentrations of Ps-GOS could promote cell proliferation and division after 48 h of treatment. In addition, Ps-GOS upregulated the mRNA and protein expression level of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), which are both involved in BMP signaling pathway, accompanied by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. Ps-GOS also upregulated the expression of osteogenesis related genes including ALP, collagen type 1 (COL1), and osteocalcin (OCN). Moreover, our novel findings suggest that Ps-GOS may exert its effects through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable protease from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju strain CTM10057 with industrial interest

BackgroundProteases are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze peptide linkage cleavage reactions at the level of proteins and peptides with different degrees of specificity. This group draws the attention of industry. More than one protease in three is a serine protease. Classically, they are active at neutral to alkaline pH. The serine proteases are researched for industrial uses, especially detergents. They are the most commercially available enzyme group in the world market. Overall, fungi produced extracellular proteases, easily separated from mycelium by filtration.ResultsA new basidiomycete fungus CTM10057, a hyperproducer of a novel protease (10,500 U/mL), was identified as Pleurotus sajor-caju (oyster mushroom). The enzyme, called SPPS, was purified to homogeneity by heat-treatment (80 °C for 20 min) followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (35–55%)-dialysis, then UNO Q-6 FPLC ion-exchange chromatography and finally HPLC-ZORBAX PSM 300 HPSEC gel filtration chromatography, and submitted to biochemical characterization assays. The molecular mass was estimated to be 65 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Native-PAGE, casein-zymography, and size exclusion by HPLC. A high homology with mushroom proteases was displayed by the first 26 amino-acid residues of the NH2-terminal aminoacid sequence. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diiodopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) strongly inhibit SPPS, revealing that it is a member of the serine-proteases family. The pH and temperature optima were 9.5 and 70 °C, respectively. Interestingly, SPPS possesses the most elevated hydrolysis level and catalytic efficiency in comparison with SPTC, Flavourzyme® 500 L, and Thermolysin type X proteases. More remarkably, a high tolerance towards organic solvent tolerance was exhibited by SPPS, together with considerable detergent stability compared to the commercial proteases Thermolysin type X and Flavourzyme® 500 L, respectively.ConclusionsThis proves the excellent proprieties characterizing SPPS, making it a potential candidate for industrial applications especially detergent formulations.

Comparative Efficacy of Different Substrates for Cultivation and Yield Performance of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)

Mushrooms are extraordinarily nutritious products, can be produced from lignocellulosic waste materials. The present study was conducted on oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju with different substrates viz., wheat straw, paddy straw, soybean straw and maize stalks and leaves. Amongst the different substrates wheat straw was found significantly higher in respect of maximum flushes (3.4), number (171.03) and weight of sporophores (4.05 g) as well as yield of sporophores (694.38 g/kg straw). The other substrates gave optimum yield such as paddy straw (619.72 g/kg straw). The lowest yield was observed in maize stalk and leaves (425.30 g/kg straw).

The commercially cultivated edible oyster mushrooms Pleurotus sajor-caju and P. pulmonarius are two separate species, similar in morphology but reproductively isolated

Two closely related commercially cultivated oyster mushroom species, Pleurotus pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju have been differentiated by traditional mating experiments as well as analysis of the variable ITS and IGS sequences of the ribosomal gene cluster. Molecular analysis of the variable ITS and IGS regions has allowed neither reliable differentiation between the morphologically similar species P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju nor confirmation of species identity of the P. sajor-caju strains CS-32, H-1, and H-2. Analysis of the sexual (mating) compatibility between haploid tester strains of these two species in monokaryon-monokaryon mating experiments has demonstrated complete reproductive isolation between P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju, thereby confirming that these are separate species.

Determination of optimum seaweed concentration for mushroom cultivation and the ability of mushrooms to absorb iodine

The optimum concentration of seaweed (Laminaria schinzii) in grass as substrate for cultivation of the Oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor caju was observed to be 10%. This concentration supported growth of highest numbers and biomass of mushrooms. Concentrations of seaweed above 10% suppressed mushroom growth. No growth occurred above 25%. The Oyster mushrooms absorbed iodine from the growth substrates which increased with the increasing concentration of seaweed in the substrate mixtures. Incorporation of 10% seaweed (L. schinzii) in grass substrates for cultivation of the Oyster mushroom P. sajor caju is therefore likely to increase mushroom yield as well as iodine concentration in the mushrooms thus increasing food health benefits and reducing incidences of goiter and cretinism in the consumers. Key words: Seaweed, Laminaria schinzii, Pleurotus sajor caju, mushrooms, substrates, iodine, goiter.

Effect of supplementation of rice straw with biogas residual slurry manure on the yield, protein and mineral contents of oyster mushroom

Popularity of oyster mushroom is increasing for its ease of cultivation, high yield potential as well as its high nutritional value. Laboratory experimentation followed by farm trial with a typical oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor caju revealed that the yield potential of these mushrooms can be increased significantly when grown on a lignocellulosic crop residue—rice straw supplemented with biogas residual slurry manure in 1:1 ratio as substrate. Residual slurry manures obtained from biogas plants utilising either cattle dung, poultry litter, jute caddis or municipal solid waste as substrates for biogas production were all effective in increasing the yield of Pleurotus sajor caju significantly although to different extents. Disinfection of straw and manure by means of 0.1% KMnO 4 plus 2% formalin solution in hot water caused 42.6% increase in yield of Pleurotus sajor caju over control, i.e., when disinfection done with hot water. In addition to increased yield, the above treatments caused significant increase in protein content, reduction in carbohydrate and increase in essential mineral nutrients in mushroom sporophores. Thus, it is concluded from the study that supplementation of rice straw with biogas residual slurry manure has strong impact in improving the yield potential, protein and mineral nutrient contents of Pleurotus sajor caju mushroom in Indian subcontinent or similar climatic conditions.

Phoridae (Diptera) as pests of cultivated oyster mushrooms (Agaricales: Pleurotaceae) in India

AbstractIn India the cultivated oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer is attacked by the larvae of two species of Phoridae, Megaselia pleurota Disney sp. n. and M. scalaris (Loew). The new species is described. Biological data and damage symptoms are reported for both species. Serious economic damage is also caused by a bacterium associated with M. scalaris. The identities of the two Megaselia species, previously reported attacking this fungus, are called into question.

Effect of variation in size of containers on yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju

Cultivation of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer has been carried out in cylindrical wire-mesh structures to determine the effect of structural variation on its yield. The use of cylindrical structures of different sizes revealed that an area per unit volume of 0·18 cm 2/cm 3 was optimum for yield of the mushroom, which was found to be 1·32 kg/kg dry paddy straw.