Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus Ostreatus Research Articles

Analisis Efisiensi Pemasaran Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus) di Kelurahan Air Rambai Kecamatan Curup Kabupaten Rejang

Research on marketing efficiency analysis of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus Ostreatus) in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency aims to determine marketing channels, and analysis of marketing margins, as well as to determine whether the marketing efficiency of white oyster mushrooms in Air Rambai Village, Curup District.This research was conducted in March 2022 in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency with farmers in Air Rambai Village. Data analysis used in this research is marketing channel analysis, marketing margin analysis, and marketing efficiency analysis. This data analysis was used for farmers and the 12 retailer respondents in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency.Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that the marketing channel of white oyster mushrooms in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency has two marketing channel patterns where the first marketing channel pattern sells white oyster mushrooms directly to end consumers, and the second marketing channel pattern is farmers sell to traders. retailers and then traders resell to final consumers. The marketing margin in the first marketing channel is Rp. 0, while in the second marketing channel it is Rp. 11,583. and the marketing efficiency of white oyster mushrooms in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency is said to be efficient.

THE EFFECT OF USING SAGU DRUGS (Metroxylon sagu) AND DRIED BANANA LEAVES (Musa paradisiaca) ON THE GROWTH OF WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) are wood fungi that grow sideways on rotting wood stems. Mushrooms take food that has been made by other dead organisms (saprophyte), because they do not have chlorophyll, all types of saprophyte, especially those that grow on wood, can be easily cultivated. White oyster mushroom cultivation is easy to do because it does not require expensive maintenance costs and does not require spacious land. The aim of this research was to test the effect of using sago dregs and dried banana leaves on the growth of white oyster mushrooms. The results of this research indicate that there are differences in the growth of white oyster mushrooms based on different concentrations of growing media. The average mycelium growth, stem height, pileus diameter, number of fruit bodies, wet weight and dry weight of the best white oyster mushrooms were found in media with a concentration of 100% sawdust, while pind heads appeared in a concentration of 100% sago dregs

Differential analyses of morphology and transcription from oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus response to brown blotch disease

Pleurotus ostreatus is among the most frequently cultivated and consumed mushrooms worldwide. However, brown blotch disease (BBD) caused by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas tolaasii severely impacted its quality and production. In this study, we selected the BBD-resistant strain HP36 and the BBD-sensitive strain HP801 from twenty P. ostreatus strains. Obvious morphological and ultrastructural differences between the two strains were observed at 12 h, 24 h and 72 h after Ps. tolaasii infection. At 24 h, a large area of brown-yellow blotch appeared on the pileus of HP801 and with Ps. tolaasii almost completely overgrowing the pileus. In contrast, few bacteria and no obvious symptoms were found on the pileus of HP36. At 72 h, the cell wall and nuclei and mitochondria were seriously damaged in HP801 while no obvious deformity was observed in HP36. In the infected pileus, transcriptome analysis identified 153 and 2,189 differentially expressed genes for HP36 and HP801 respectively. Further bioinformatic analysis showed that genes encoding oxidation–reduction enzymes, cell wall degradation, heat shock proteins and protein kinases were significantly more differentially expressed after infection in HP801 than in HP36. The results suggested that Ps. tolaasii infection impaired the capacities of HP801 for stress sensing and signal transduction, oxidation resistance and protein modification, resulting in cellular and organelle damages. Together, our results provided insights into the molecular mechanism of resistance to BBD in P. ostreatus and suggested potential strategies for controlling BBD and improving mushroom production and quality by selecting and breeding the resistant strains.

Identification of two genes essential for basidiospore formation during the postmeiotic stages in Pleurotus ostreatus

A sporeless strain is an important breeding target in the mushroom industry. However, basidiospore production in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus has been shown to be impaired by single-gene mutations in only two meiosis-related genes, mer3 and msh4. This study proposed a strategy for identifying the genes essential for basidiospore formation after meiotic division to determine new targets for molecular breeding. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify P. ostreatus genes that are specifically expressed in the gill tissue of fruiting bodies, where basidiospore formation occurs. Transcriptome data during fruiting development of Coprinopsis cinerea, in which the meiotic steps progress synchronously, were then used to identify genes that are active in the postmeiotic stages. Based on these comparative analyses, five P. ostreatus genes were identified. Plasmids containing expression cassettes for hygromycin B-resistance screening, Cas9, and single-guide RNA targeting each gene were introduced into the protoplasts of dikaryotic strain, PC9×#64, to generate dikaryotic gene disruptants. Among the obtained transformants, three dikaryotic pcl1 disruptants and two cro6c disruptants did not produce basidiospores. Microscopic analyses indicated that spore formation was arrested at particular stages in these gene disruptants. These results indicate that these two genes are essential for mature spore formation in this fungus.

Genome-wide analysis of bZIP gene family members in Pleurotus ostreatus, and potential roles of PobZIP3 in development and the heat stress response.

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) is widespread among eukaryotes and serves different roles in fungal processes including nutrient utilization, growth, stress responses and development. The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an important and widely cultivated edible mushroom worldwide; nevertheless, reports are lacking on the identification or function of bZIP gene family members in P. ostreatus. Herein, 11 bZIPs on 6 P. ostreatus chromosomes were systematically identified, which were classified into 3 types according to their protein sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of PobZIPs with other fungal bZIPs indicated that PobZIPs may have differentiated late. Cis-regulatory element analysis revealed that at least one type of stress-response-related element was present on each bZIP promoter. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that bZIP expression patterns were altered under heat stress and different developmental stages. We combined results from GST-Pull-down, EMSA and yeast two-hybrid assays to screen a key heat stress-responsive candidate gene PobZIP3. PobZIP3 overexpression in P. ostreatus enhanced tolerance to high temperature and cultivation assays revealed that PobZIP3 positively regulates the development of P. ostreatus. RNA-seq analysis showed that PobZIP3 plays a role in glucose metabolism pathways, antioxidant enzyme activity and sexual reproduction. These results may support future functional studies of oyster mushroom bZIP TFs.

Optimizing tea waste as a sustainable substrate for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation: a comprehensive study on biological efficiency and nutritional aspect

IntroductionIn Bangladesh, rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) substrates have traditionally been used in the production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). However, the rising costs of these substrates have led many to look for alternatives.ObjectivesThe present study thus focuses on the potential of waste tea leaves (WTL) for mushroom farming.MethodsWe prepared various substrate mixtures by combining WTL with SD and RS, subsequently evaluating mushroom yield and various quality parameters such as amino acid concentration, mineral content, and biological efficiency.Results and discussionOur investigation revealed that WTL alone is not a suitable substrate for mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) growth. However, when combined with SD at a 50% ratio, it significantly boosts mushroom yield and biological efficiency (BE). Conversely, a reduction in yield was noted when WTL was mixed with RS in all tested treatments, although BE surpassed 50%. In summary, incorporating WTL into both substrates proves economically viable from the BE standpoint. According to PCA analysis, the minerals and amino acid content varied based on the different substrate formulations involving WTL blending with both SD and RS at different ratios. Remarkably, mushroom fruiting bodies exhibited lower levels of Na and Fe despite these elements being present in higher concentrations in the growing substrates, suggesting the inability of P. ostreatus to bioaccumulate Na and Fe. Conversely, we observed higher bioaccumulation of Zn and P, even exceeding substrate levels. Importantly, our findings showed that mushrooms cultivated on WTL-based formulations consistently contained elevated Zn levels irrespective of substrate types, indicating that WTL enriched Zn in mushrooms. Additionally, the Fe level increased specifically in RS + WTL-based formulations. All essential and non-essential amino acids were detected, with the highest concentration of histidine, isoleucine, and methionine found in the WTL + SD formulation. Non-essential amino acids (NEAA) like alanine and glutamic acid were more prominent in formulations combining WTL with RS. This study represents the first documented exploration of the impact of WTL on the accumulation of intracellular metabolites including minerals and amino acids, in P. ostreatus.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC SUBSTRATES ON THE INVASION PARAMETERS OF THE CULTIVATION OF THREE TYPES OF OYSTER MUSHROOMS IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE

Accelerated deforestation of the vegetation cover combined with climate change is influencing the seasonal availability of carpophores in different regions of the country. This study aims to improve mushroom production in Côte d'Ivoire through the use of different types of organic substrates. The methodology consisted in using three types of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus) subjected to different types of organic substrates (sawdust and banana leaves) in a split-plot system in which three treatments (Sb, Sc and Fb) compared with a control (Sa) were stored in a dark chamber until the culture bags were fully invaded, in order to determine the percentage, height, speed and volume of substrates colonized. The results showed that the different oyster mushroom species significantly influenced all invasion parameters (P=0.00***), unlike the different substrates (P=0.59) considered. Similarly, species-substrate interaction had a significant effect on the evolution of the different oyster mushroom species. This study shows that the evolution of the invasion parameters of oyster mushroom cultivation, particularly that of Pleurotus cornucopiae, had a good mycelial development on the various substrates and can therefore be integrated into the production circuit in Côte d'Ivoire.

Low dietary oyster mushroom spent substrate limitedly ameliorates detrimental effects of feeding combined marula seed cake and mucuna seed meal as soya bean replacements in broiler chickens

This study investigated ameliorative effects of dietary oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) spent substrate (OMSS) in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with combined marula seed cake (MSC) and mucuna seed meal (MSM) replacing soya bean meal (SBM). In a completely randomised design (CRD), 400 day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to 5 iso-nitrogenous-energetic diets (control with 100% SBM, control with 60% MSC and 40% MSM replacing SBM (MSC + MSM), MSC + MSM with 1.25% OMSS, MSC + MSM with 2.5% OMSS, and MSC + MSM with 5% OMSS) each with 8 replicate pens of 10 during starter, grower and finisher phases. Dietary MSC + MSM decreased (P < 0.001) feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE); slaughter weight, hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), breast weight, and back lengths (P < 0.001); serum SDMA and alanine transaminase (P < 0.05). In contrast, it increased the weights of the thigh (P < 0.001), wing (P < 0.01), liver (P < 0.001), proventriculus (P < 0.001), gizzard (P < 0.001), duodenum (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001), ileum (P < 0.001), and caecum (P < 0.01) and serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) and cholesterol (P < 0.01). Further, it increased meat redness and decreased its hue angle at 45 min post-slaughter (P < 0.01) whilst it decreased its pH (P < 0.01) and increased its shear force (P < 0.05) at 24 h post-slaughter. Compared to higher levels, low (1.25%) dietary OMSS improved, though limitedly, FI, BWG, and FCE at grower and finisher phases only (P < 0.001) whilst it reversed MSC plus MSM-induced deleterious effects on slaughter weight, HCW, and CCW (P < 0.001) and increases in gizzard weight (P < 0.001) and meat shear force at 24 h post-slaughter (P < 0.05). Otherwise, OMSS generally decreased (P < 0.05) serum SDMA and alanine transaminase whilst it abrogated and augmented increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) and cholesterol (P < 0.01), respectively, and reversed the increase and decrease in meat redness (P < 0.01) and hue angle (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, dietary replacement of SBM with combined MSC plus MSM induced deleterious effects in broiler chickens that were limitedly abrogated by low (1.25%) inclusion level of OMSS.

Effect of Substrate Types (Saw Dust, Corn Cob) Associated with Insect Activities on the White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Yield in Musang-Bamenda III (North West Region-Cameroon)

Oyster mushroom is an edible mushroom which has been identified as an excellent food source to alleviate malnutrition worldwide. To evaluate the effects of different substrate types (saw dust and corn cob) associated with insect activities on the yield of white oyster mushroom, experiments were carried out in exposed house, from the 26th of May to the 31st of August 2022 in Musang. Oyster mushroom was cultivated on different substrates made of six treatments: saw dust (T1, T11), Corn cobs (T2, T22) and a mixture of both (T3, T33), all supplemented with 1% CaCO3. The treatments were tied in black polythene bags each. The experiment was laid in a random design. The different parameters studied show that the highest degree of colonization and the lowest time from primordial initiation to harvest were obtained in T2; The highest biological yield, economic yield and dry weight were observed in T11. The time from primordial initiation to harvest was observed in T1 and the highest average number of fruiting body/packet in T2, the highest average weight of individual fruiting body in T33, the highest mean height of fruiting bodies in T11 and the highest average diameter of Pileus was observed in T22. Pileus, gill and stipe were the different mushroom parts visited by insects belonging to orders Diptera (58.20%), Coleoptera (3.21 %), Blattodea (0.28 %). Insects reduce the quality and quantity of the fungi. Among many aspects, T11 was found as the best substrate with biological and economic yields

Antibacterial Activity and Quality Assessment of Ergocalciferol in Lyophilized and UV Irradiated Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Powder

Antibacterial Activity and Quality Assessment of Ergocalciferol in Lyophilized and UV Irradiated Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Powder

The Potential of UV-B Irradiated Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Powder on Plasma Glucose and TNF-α Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

The Potential of UV-B Irradiated Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Powder on Plasma Glucose and TNF-α Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Utilizing locally accessible substrate, to maximize oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) growth and bioconversion efficiency in Ambo, Central Ethiopia

The effect of different locally available wastes as the substrates on oyster mushroom growth and bioconversion efficiency was investigated. P. ostreatus was grown on different substrates prepared from corn cob, sorghum stem, faba bean straw, pea straw, coffee husk, and sawdust alone (100%), and all with cottonseed waste in (1:1) ratio. Cottonseed waste alone was used as a control. Spawn run days, harvest days, average mushroom weight, fruiting body, cap diameter, stipe length, total yield, and biological efficiency were evaluated. All the quantitative data gathered were analyzed by SPSS statistical software for Windows version 25. Pea straw alone (T7) and pea straw:cotton seed waste (1:1) ratio (T8) with 15±2 and 15±3.1 days, had the shortest mycelia run, whereas sawdust alone (T11) took longer with 33±6.7 days for mycelia run. T7 had the shortest incubation to the first harvest 24±5.2 days, while T11 had the longest incubation to the first harvest 46±8.1 days. T11, 90±12 days, took the longest total production cycle, while T7, 63±6.6 days had the shortest total production cycle. T7 produced the greatest, number of fruiting bodies (254±48.5), whereas T11 produced the fewest fruiting bodies (20±5). The highest and lowest yield was obtained from the T7 substrate with 1614±17.1g and T11 substrate with 384±37.9g, respectively. The best substrate was found to be the T7; with mycelia run 15±2 days; incubation to 1st harvest 24±5.2 days, shortest production cycle 63±6.6 days, fruiting bodies 254±48.5, the highest total yield of 1614±17.1g and biological efficiency of 323±48.9%.

Evaluation of local substrates as rice straw alternatives for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation in resource-constrained Darchula, Nepal

Oyster mushroom cultivation, though cost-effective, faces constraints due to seasonality and substrate availability. An experimental study was conducted in the resource-constrained Darchula district of Nepal from February to May 2022. The aim was to identify and recommend economically sustainable alternatives to rice straw for oyster mushroom production using local substrates in regions with limited resources. Six treatments; rice straw (T1), banana leaves and pseudostem (T2), maize cob (T3), sawdust (T4), grass (Eulaliopsis sp.) (T5), and spent mushroom substrates (T6); were employed in a completely randomized design with four replications. Statistical analysis of growth and yield parameters revealed significant results (P values ranging from P&gt;0.001 to P&gt;0.05) across all parameters. The maize cob treatment exhibited a shorter spawn run period (20.50 days) and the earliest pinhead formation (25 days). The highest total yield (3.14 kg) across three flushes was obtained from paddy straw, followed by T2 and T5, yielding 2.05 kg and 1.43 kg, respectively. Sawdust, despite its larger stalk (1.23 cm) and pileus diameter (7.72 cm), had the lowest production (0.63 kg). Maximum biological efficiency was recorded for T1 (139.63%), followed by T2, T5, and T3, respectively. Economically, T1 resulted in the highest gross margin per 10 kg of substrate (NRs.1845.22) and the highest B:C ratio (2.51), followed by T5 and T2. These findings highlight the promise of locally abundant substrates such as banana leaves, pseudo stems, Eulaliopsis, and maize cobs as economically viable alternatives to rice straw in regions with limited straw availability or unsuitable climates for rice cultivation.

Effect of Combined Chitosan and Hyperbranched Poly-L-Lysine Based Coating on Prolonging the Shelf Life of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).

To extend the shelf life of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), the effects of chitosan (CS) and hyperbranched poly-L-lysine (HBPL) combined treatment on quality characteristics, nutritional quality, storage characteristics, and enzyme activity of oyster mushroom during postharvest storage at 4 °C were investigated. The results showed that CS-HBPL combined treatment could significantly reduce rot degree and weight loss and significantly inhibit the browning of oyster mushroom. At the same time, the loss of reducing sugar, vitamin C, soluble protein, and total phenolic was significantly reduced. Compared with the control, CS-HBPL combined treatment could also significantly inhibit an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly decrease the relative electrolyte leakage of oyster mushroom. In addition, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) were significantly improved, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was significantly inhibited in oyster mushroom. In conclusion, CS-HBPL combined treatment had a good protective effect on the membrane permeability damage of oyster mushroom and could effectively delay the oxidation of phenolic substances and browning of oyster mushroom. Therefore, CS-HBPL combined treatment can be used as a potential strategy to extend the storage time of oyster mushroom.

Effect of agricultural waste on nutritional composition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was cultivated on diverse substrates, encompassing wheat straw (T1), paddy straw (T2), groundnut leaves and straw (T3), sugarcane bagasses (T4), cotton stalk (T5), coconut husk (T6), pigeon pea straw (T7), and banana pseudostem (T8). The study comprised of the estimation of proximate composition, antioxidants, and mineral content of the sun-dried mushrooms during the initial two harvests. The average values of nutritional parameters were as follows: moisture (90.93 to 85.18 %), ash (7.62 to 4.86%), carbohydrates (37.57 to 20.10%), crude protein (45.45 to 23.10%), crude fiber (29.08 to 19.29%), crude fat (2.68 to 1.63%), total phenol (14.23 to 9.12 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (11.58 to 8.72 mg/100g). The average mineral content exhibited the trend K&gt;P&gt;Mg&gt;Ca&gt;Zn&gt;Fe&gt;Cu. Upon consideration of average values from both harvests, the groundnut leaves and straw had the highest crude protein (45.45 %), total phenol (14.23 mg/g), ascorbic acid (11.58 mg/100g), phosphorous (0.43 %), iron (7.12 mg/100g) and zinc (12.43 mg/100g). The paddy straw resulted in the highest crude fiber (29.08 %) and crude fat (2.68 %), while the wheat straw resulted in the highest potassium (1.52 %) and calcium (179.65 mg/100g). The various substrates had an impact on nutritional parameters as seen by either an increase or decrease in various parameters which can be reflected in turn by the composition of the substrates itself. In conclusion, groundnut leaves and straw (T3) along with paddy straw (T2) and wheat straw (T1) resulted in significant improvement of nutritional composition compared to other treatments. This study underscores the environmentally friendly utilization of nutrients from agricultural waste for mushroom production.

A Smart Kumbung For Monitoring and Controlling Environment in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Based on Internet of Things Framework

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) is a fungus-like plant that is often cultivated in Indonesian agriculture. Oyster mushroom is raised by manipulating environmental parameters, so that it can grow in the provided Kumbung. Oyster mushroom requires a temperature that is used, which ranges from 23°-28°C, for humidity used between 70% -90% and for light intensity it requires light of ±300 lux. In this study, a system was designed to carry out automatic monitoring and control in real time based on the Internet of Things (IoT) which integrates DHT22 humidity and temperature sensors, BH1750 light intensity sensors and NodeMCU as a microcontroller with measurement results sent to the Firebase database. In addition, a water pump connected to the sprayer nozzle is installed in this system to maintain the humidity of the oyster mushroom curd. From the test results, the system can work automatically to stabilize temperature, humidity, and light intensity according to the ideal parameters.

The Influence of Leri Water Supplementation on the Growth and Production of White Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)

This study aimed to investigate the influence of leri water supplementation on mycelium growth, primordial appearance, fruiting body count, fruit body diameter, and wet weight, as well as the production of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: A0 (control without leri water), A1 (20 ml of leri water), A2 (40 ml of leri water), and A3 (60 ml of leri water), with a 95% confidence level F-test. The results revealed that leri water supplementation significantly affected all observed variables. The treatment with 40 ml of leri water (A2) produced the highest mycelium growth with an average weight of 10.45 kg, the earliest primordial appearance, the highest fruiting body count (15.67), and the highest wet weight (372 kg). Meanwhile, the treatment with 60 ml of leri water (A3) resulted in the largest fruit body diameter (17 cm). Among the treatments, A2 with a 40% leri water nutrient supplement in the growing medium outperformed others, as it provided the necessary nutrients for mycelium growth and overall mushroom development.

Characterisation and phytochemical profile of sunlight exposed freeze-dried oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) powder

Mushrooms are vitamin B and D rich fungi which belong to the division Basidiomycota. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) has distinct flavour, contains high nutrients and phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are naturally existing compounds which play with nutrients to protect against diseases. The aim of the study is to characterise and compare the phytochemical profile of sunlight exposed freeze-dried oyster mushroom (SEFDOM) powder and non-sunlight exposed freeze-dried oyster mushroom (NSEFDOM) powder. The phytochemical constituents of both SEFDOM and NSEFDOM powder were extracted using aqueous, methanol and ethanol. Eighteen metabolites were screened for all the three solvents for both the samples. The phytochemical screening showed that the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins for both samples were detected while other remaining metabolites were not detected. The results showed that the metabolites such as alkaloids, sterols, anthraquinones and carbohydrates were appreciable in the NSEFDOM powder group when compared to SEFDOM powder samples. Protein content was found to be high in SEFDOM powder group with ethanol extraction. The overall phytochemical extraction efficiency is high in methanol solvent. This study found that the amount of phytochemical content in non-sunlight exposed freeze-dried oyster mushroom powder was higher than sunlight exposed oyster mushroom powder.

Dietary Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Waste Inhibits Experimentally Induced Eimeria tenella Challenge in Japanese Quails Model.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dietary 3% oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) waste in enhancing the anticoccidial effects in broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella infection. The experiment involved a total of 600 Japanese quails, raised from one to thirty-five days of age, which were divided into four treatment groups. These included a negative control group that received a basal diet (BD) without any anticoccidial or antibiotic supplementation in the non-challenged birds (negative control, NC); a positive control (PC) group consisting of NC birds challenged with E. tenella; a group that received the BD with an anticoccidial drug (standard); and a group that received the BD supplemented with 3% waste from oyster mushrooms (3% Pleurotus ostreatus). The results showed that the feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were significantly lower in the PC (p < 0.05). However, the growth traits were similar in the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus-treated groups. Similarly, there was no difference (p < 0.05) in the mortality rate, oocyst count in the feces, and lesion score between the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus groups. Based on intestinal histology evaluation, the villi height and width were significantly higher in the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus-treated groups compared to those of the PC (p < 0.01). In conclusion, it was found that 3% Pleurotus ostreatus effectively mitigated the low growth rate of Japanese quails induced by coccidial infection.

FULFILLMENT OF PROTEIN NEEDS FROM PROCESSED OYSTER MUSHROOM BALLS (Pleurotus ostreatus) AND CELERY (Apium graveolens) AS A SOURCE OF PLANT PROTEIN

The consumption of plant-based protein in Indonesia is comparatively higher than the consumption of animal-based protein, indicating a growing trend of substituting traditional meat-based ingredients with plant-based alternatives in dishes like meatballs. In order to address this shift and improve the nutritional value of the population's diet, researchers are exploring food diversification by incorporating oyster mushrooms and celery into meatball products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of different ratios of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and celery (Apium graveolens) on the protein content and sensory qualities of plant-based meatballs. The research utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three different levels of celery addition in oyster mushroom meatballs: 0%, 10%, and 20%. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, employing the One-Way ANOVA test for normally distributed and homogenous data, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed or heterogeneous data. The results indicated that the most favorable outcome was observed in formulation F2, which had a protein content of 9.700%, meeting the Indonesian National Standard for meatball products. Additionally, the addition of celery had a significant impact (p &lt; 0.05) on the protein content.