Oyo State Nigeria Research Articles

Men’s Awareness, Support and Uptake of Modern Family Planning: A Case Study of Oyo State Nigeria

Men’s Awareness, Support and Uptake of Modern Family Planning: A Case Study of Oyo State Nigeria

Perceived Eye Health-Seeking Behaviour of Residents of Ido Local Government Area, Oyo State Nigeria

Eye disease is a common global health problem that affects both young and old people. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the utilisation of eye care services globally was 18% in 2014, while in Nigeria; the rate of utilisation was reported to be below 25% as against the set target of 90%. This study therefore was aimed at assessing the perceived eye health-seeking behaviour of the residents of Ido Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional method among 289 residents of three communities in the Ido Local Government area, Ibadan. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics (frequency, means and standard deviation) and inferential statistics; chi-square test and correlation coefficient which was fixed at p<0.5 level of significance. The result revealed that less than half of the respondents 135 (46.7%) had eye screening in the past, 156 (54%) had eye problems in the past 82(52.6 %) visited hospitals to solve their eye problems and others were involved in self - medication, patronised traditional healers and use over the counter drugs. The chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship between the age of the participants and their engagement in the eye screening test. In conclusion, less than half of the respondents had eye screening in the past, while a large proportion of those who had eye problems visited non-medical facilities to seek eye care services. This indicates inappropriate eye health-seeking behaviour of the majority of the respondents. In addition, their perceived health-seeking behaviour was influenced by their age. This study recommends that more public health education needs to be done to educate the community on appropriate personal eye care to ensure positive eye health-seeking behaviour.

Availability, Accessibility, and Utilization of Primary Health Care Services in Ogun and Oyo States of Nigeria

The primary health care (PHC) system is acclaimed globally to be key in achieving universal health targets; however, its performance over the years has fallen short of this expectation, particularly in developing countries, including Nigeria. This paper reports the findings of the study on the availability, accessibility, and utilization of PHC services in Ogun and Oyo states. The study employed qualitative and survey research methods. The study location was in Ogun and Oyo states in Nigeria. Descriptive analysis of data was carried out. The findings show that 84% of the population had a government PHC facility in their own community, accessible to 54.5%, and utilized by 53.7% of the population. This paper recommends that the existing PHCs should be rehabilitated and equipped with modern equipment. More health experts should be employed in PHCs. Communities should be encouraged to utilize PHCs in their neighborhoods.

Association of self-esteem and school connectedness with substance use among street children in southwestern Nigeria

ABSTRACT Objective The study aimed to determine the relationship between substance use, self-esteem and school connectedness among street children in southwestern Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 358 street children in Oyo State Nigeria, was carried out. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Appropriate scoring systems were used to assess the degree of self-esteem and school connectedness. The 50th centile was used as the cutoff point to define good self-esteem and school connectedness. Results Participants were aged 9–17 years, with a mean age of 16.2 ± 1.3 years; 208 (58.1%) were males. More than three-quarters (77.9%) had used psychoactive substances at some point in their lives, with local (herbal) psychoactive substances being the most frequent, followed by central nervous system depressants. One hundred and eighty (50.3%) of them were currently using psychoactive substances. The females had better self-esteem and school connectedness compared with the males, whereas substance use was more prevalent among the males. Good school connectedness was associated with lower use of psychoactive substances, but good self-esteem was associated only with reduced use of inhalants. Conclusion Promoting good school connectedness among street children may help in reducing the use of psychoactive substances among them.

Plasmid Profile of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Ogi Encolding for Acetaldehyde in Yoghurt

An investigation was carried out on the plasmid profile of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Ogi samples collected randomly from Bodija market, a local market in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria. Morphological, cultural and physiological characterization was employed to isolate and identify each strain of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Lactobacillus spp namely Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus casei were identified. The isolates were inoculated in pasteurized milk to produce Yoghurt (fermented milk product) and were screened for acetaldehyde production using HPLC model Agilent technologies1200. Plasmid profiling of each isolate was done and each isolates harbored plasmid bands. Distinct plasmid bands were seen using the gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA method. The results shows that acetaldehyde production of the isolates varied from strain to strain and hence could be used as starter culture for yoghurt production with market acceptability.

The Significance of Processing Techniques on the Quality of Smoked African Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus) Using Different Energy Sources

There is unavoidable need for fish smoking as a preservative technique to reduce rampant post harvest losses in the tropical Africa. However the imperative of healthier and quality smoked products through improved processing method were however investigated. Organoleptic and chemical assessment of African catfish collected from a reputable fish farm in Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria was carried out. Eviscerated and non-eviserated fish samples were smoked using four different smoke sources: Gmelina (Gmnelina arborea), Parkia (Parkia biglobosa), Neem (Azadirachita indica) and charcoal. Overall acceptability was based on 5-point Hedonic scale (excellent (5) - poor (1). Chemical test was on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon contents (benzo(a)pyrene, Fluoranthene, Napthalene, Acenapthalene, Chrysene and Benzo(ghi) perylene). Data were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using general linear mode (GLM) of Factorial Experimental Design and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range tests (P<0.05). Non- eviscerated smoked African catfish samples had lower scores for colour than eviscerated smoked samples for energy sources used. Eviscerated samples had mean scores of 4.64, 3.91, 3.36 and 2.82 for charcoal, Gmelina, Neem and Parkia smoked samples respectively, much better than scores of 4.36, 2.46, 2.36 and 2.27 obtained for non-eviscerated samples. Total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were highest in samples produced using Gmelina as smoke source and Neem for eviscerated (15.25 µg/kg) and non-eviscerated (29.43 µg/kg) samples respectively. Evisceration of fish prior to smoking enhances its sensory characteristics however; concentrations of PAHs for both eviscerated and non-eviscerated fish samples were within the recommended international standard limit.

Safety Literacy and Societal Well-Being: A Case Study of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Safety Literacy and Societal Well-Being: A Case Study of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Determinants of Income Inequality Sources among Women in Rural Oyo State, Nigeria

This paper applies the regression-based inequality decomposition approach to explore determinants of income inequality sources among women in rural Oyo State, Nigeria. A four-stage sampling procedure was used in the collection of primary data with purposive selection of two agricultural development programme zones in Oyo State of Nigeria. 150 respondents were eventually used for the study. Structured questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Shapley decomposition approach. Age and household size of women were 35.5±1.06 years and 8.0±0.59 persons, respectively. Most respondents (88.0%) were married and 43.3% were farmers with income of N24,196.76±11,897.90 per month. Sources that largely explain inequality were primary occupation (0.5551), farm size (0.2523) and household assets (0.0766) and the relative contributions of these factors sum up to 80%. Total inequality computed by the Gini index was 0.2206 and it implies that the contribution of the predicted residual term to income inequality in this case was 22.06%.The marginal contribution of the estimated income sources of the weighted mean with no negative values from level 1 to 12 were primary occupation, educational level, workers per household, number of assets and location with weighted marginal contribution of 0.0125, 0.0120, 0.0105, 0.0071 and 0.0053 respectively. Narrowing the gap between those at the top and the bottom of income distribution will reduce inequality in the households and the nation at large and that is the more reason this study needs attention because within group components overwhelmingly accounted for inequality compared to the between group components. The role of spatial inequality and policies that encourage entrepreneurship training and non-formal education for women in rural areas would be inequality reducing, and would tend to be more effective if additional policy instruments are used to target other sources of measured income inequality.

Reducing mathematics anxiety among deaf learners through relaxation and rational emotive behaviour therapies: A randomised-control study

The effects of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) and Relaxation Therapy (RT) on mathematics anxiety (MA) were examined among Deaf learners (DLs) in Oyo State in Nigeria. The randomized controlled study adopted a purposive sampling procedure to select three schools for the Deaf and Deaf learners (DLs) in Oyo State. A random sampling procedure was employed to select 60 DLs who were assigned to two experimental groups REBT (n = 25; male = 10; female = 15), RT (n = 17; male = 8; female = 9), and a control group (n = 20; male = 11; female = 9). The Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS) was used to screen the participants. The data gathered were analysed using the analysis of variance and descriptive charts. The findings revealed the efficacy of the two therapeutic interventions in reducing MA among DLs. The estimated mean difference between the treatment and control groups showed the following: REBT (15.66), RT (11.63), and control group (9.99). This study, therefore, concluded that REBT and RT were effective at drastically reducing Deaf learners’ anxiety regarding mathematics. Appropriate recommendations were made and implications were highlighted for practice, policy, and research, based on the findings

Effect of Social Media On the Reading Culture of Selected Private Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Effect of Social Media On the Reading Culture of Selected Private Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Tenterhooks of corona virus (COVID-19) on food and nutrition security, and economic status of agri-business farmers in Oyo state Nigeria

Tenterhooks of corona virus (COVID-19) on food and nutrition security, and economic status of agri-business farmers in Oyo state Nigeria

Fatty Acid Profile Analyses of Three Freshwater Fish Species from Igboho Reservoir, Oyo State, Nigeria

This study investigated the fatty acid profile of three freshwater fish species from igboho reservoir Oyo state Nigeria. This is as a result of a great degree of interest on fatty acids on human health. The fishes used in this study are snakehead (Parachanna obscura, Gunther 1844), African mud fish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) and African pike (Hepsetus odoe, Blotch, 1794). The fatty acid profile analysis showed the existence of Saturated (SFA), Monosaturated (MUFA) and Polysaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. Results obtained showed a wide range of Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (30.24-33.37%), Saturated fatty acids (SFA) (38.51-53.98%) and Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (13.28-24.30%). Palmitic and Stearic acids were the major fatty acids in saturated fatty acid group, Oleic and Palmitoleic acids were the predominant fatty acids in Monosaturated fatty acid group while Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Linoleic acid were the major Polyunsaturated fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 ratio values of the three fish species is below 1.0 which fall within the proposed dietary intake standard (0.25-1.0) and a good indication that the three fish species can supply the required essential acid needed by Man. Moreover, the PUFA/SFA coefficient ratio of P. obscura exceeded the minimum value by HMSO which represents an advantageous impart when consumed by Man.

Making Primary Education Attractive: Quality of School Feeding Programme in Two South Western States of Nigeria

The enrolment and the attendance in public primary schools in Nigeria keep going down every year and the statistics of out-of-school children growing. This led to the introduction of School Feeding Programme (SFP) in all the states of the federation. It is believed that SFP can improve enrolment, attendance as well as completion rate of primary education, if well utilised. However, these can only be achieved through proper implementation of SFP. Hence, this study examines the quality of implementation of SFP in Osun and Oyo states of Nigeria. The study adopted triangulation design of mixed methods. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 90 primary school teachers, 75 parents and the State Coordinator of SFP from each state. Three self-designed research instruments were used for data collection namely; Perception of Parents about Quality SFP (0.75); Perception of teachers about SFP (0.71) and State Coordinator of SFP Interview guide. Five research questions were answered. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results show that in Osun State, there is equal access to school meal among all primary classes I to IV pupils while Oyo State feeds primary I to III and some schools are not receiving meal at all. Both states are still struggling with quality and quantity of food for pupils, though report from Osun State shows better quality. There are fair community inputs in SFP in Osun State while this was found low in Oyo State. Qualitative data showed that overall success of the programme is at an average level in Osun State while it is low in Oyo State. It was recommended that Oyo state government should endeavour to improve the quality of implementation of SFP by adopting some of the strategies used in Osun States so as to attract learners and produce the expected results.

Commonly used diagnostic label, classes, domain, and formulation among nursing students in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria.

In order to select nursing actions that will produce the desired results, a nursing diagnosis is crucial. Despite this, it can be challenging for nursing students to recognize and create precise nursing diagnostic labels that are particular to a patient's situation. The study's objectives are to identify the diagnostic labels, classes, and domains that are frequently formulated by nursing students. A descriptive cross-sectional methodology and a self-developed questionnaire were utilized to gather information from 120 nursing students who were chosen using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential (Chi-square) statistics were used to analyze the data. The 0.05 P- value was chosen. The respondent's average age is 23 ± 21.4 years. The majority of respondents (94.2%) concurred that greater exposure to clinical settings, case discussion methods (92.5%), as well as group case studies (90.8%) strategy, can all improve the creation of precise diagnostic labels. Additionally, the deficient fluid volume diagnostic label is the one that is most usually utilized (78.3%). Overall results show that the diagnostic labels that are used the most frequently are those for domains 4 (Activity/Rest) and 11 (Safety/Protection). There was no relationship (P = 0.061) between the commonly used diagnostic label and the chosen schools. The study offered empirical data on the most used diagnostic labels and domains. Therefore, it will be important that nursing students involve critical reasoning skills as well as familiarize themselves with other significant domains and classes that are useful in the patient's care.

Knowledge of Noncommunicable Diseases and Social Media among Secondary School Teachers in Akinyele Local Government Area Oyo State Nigeria

Abstract Background: Social media (SM) are now widely available and can potentially play an important role in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The school environment is a key location for educating children about NCDs and the teachers’ level of knowledge may have an impact on them. This study investigated the knowledge of NCDs and SM among secondary school teachers. Materials and Methods: Using a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected from 423 randomly selected male and female secondary school teachers teaching in both public and private secondary schools located in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, in May 2018. Knowledge of SM was measured on a 10-point scale (scores 0–3, 4–6, and 7–10 were rated as poor, fair, and good, respectively), while knowledge of NCDs was measured on a 28-point scale (scores 0–8, 9–18, and 19–28 were rated as poor, fair, and good, respectively). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression tests at a 5% level of significance. Results: Findings showed that the mean age of respondents was 33.5 ± 0.5 and 52.5% were female. About half (51.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge of SM. Less than half (28.1%) had good knowledge of NCDs. Knowledge of SM was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001), while knowledge of NCDs had no significant association. Conclusion: Based on these results, a gap exists regarding teachers’ knowledge of NCDs. Health professionals may contribute to teacher training curriculum development to include health education targeted toward NCD prevention.

Bioremediation of Engine Oil-Contaminated Soil using Selected Indigenous Moulds

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) utilizing the potential of moulds from engine oil-polluted soils were assessed. These PAHs are known to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in the environment. Consequently, the study aims to evaluate the potential of indigenous moulds from engine oil in the remediation of contaminated soil. Samples were collected from engine oil-polluted soils from Samonda, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria. The ability of four potential indigenous moulds to degrade the PAH fraction of the engine oil-polluted soil sample was assessed using the gas chromatography technique. Four moulds were identified based on their cultural and microscopic characteristics and were confirmed as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus nidulans. The highest biodegradation potential was observed in treated soil sample containing Aspergillus flavus (55.15%) followed by Aspergillus parasiticus (55.00%), Aspergillus oryzae (44.51%) and the least biodegradation potential was observed in the sample containing Aspergillus nidulans (24.16%) after 60 days of treatment. This study revealed that indigenous mould has the ability to utilize toxic fractions of petroleum products as their sole carbon sources therefore are the major bio-remediating agents in the sampling area.

Relationship Between Teaching Styles and Mathematics Achievement of Ibadan North Secondary School Students: Practical Application of Peer-Cooperative Learning to Improve Retention of STEM Majors

<p style="text-align:justify">Teachers and teaching styles are two important factors influencing students’ academic performance. In this action research study, we investigated the differential effectiveness of two teaching methods, conventional learning (CL) and peer-cooperative learning (PCL), on students’ academic performance in fractions. A sample of 120 tenth grade mathematics students from Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State in Nigeria was used for the study. The students were selected from three different secondary schools and grouped into two groups: the experimental (PCL) group and the control (CL) group, each having 60 students. A sample of 5 multiple-choice objective and 5 theory test questions titled Fraction Performance Test (FPT) was used to measure their academic performance after the treatment, and the assessment test scores were recorded. Descriptive statistics of the mean were used to answer the research question, while the two-way ANOVA technique was adopted for testing the research hypothesis at an alpha of 0.05. Summarily, the F (3, 116) statistic (= 8.55, <em>p</em> < .001) indicates significant differences in the effectiveness of the teaching methods. The mean scores also reveal that peer-cooperative learning was more effective than the conventional teaching approach. While the former proved to be a more efficacious treatment for female students, the latter was more suitable for male students. We recommend that different approaches be attempted by teachers, and the most effective in overcoming students’ resistance to learning and improving their academic performance be adopted.</p>

Exploring the Acceptance of Instructional Videos to Bridge Knowledge Gaps in Physical Geography among Senior Secondary School Students in Oyo State Nigeria

The integration of videos in the instructional process has become increasingly prevalent, offering a dynamic approach to enhancing students’ learning experiences. Specifically, this study focuses on factors influencing the acceptance of instructional videos, emphasising internet self-efficacy and access to mobile/digital devices as critical variables. While previous studies have examined the effectiveness of video in students’ learning outcomes in geography, this research fills a gap by investigating its acceptance, with a view to harnessing the potential of instructional videos for a more immersive learning experience in physical geography classrooms. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The participants comprised 302 students randomly selected across six senior secondary schools in all three senatorial districts in Oyo State, Nigeria. The results showed that the level of acceptance of instructional videos and internet self-efficacy among senior secondary school students were high with weighted averages of 3.0 and 2.8 respectively, suggesting reasonable dispositions to accept and utilise these learning resources to facilitate learning. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) further shed light on the critical roles of internet self-efficacy and access to devices in determining the level of acceptance of instructional videos in physical geography education. The p-values of 0.000 indicated that there were significant effects of internet self-efficacy and access to mobile/digital devices on the level of acceptance of instructional videos. The results, therefore, underscore the critical impact of internet self-efficacy and access to devices on the extent to which students accept the use of instructional videos in physical geography classrooms.

Probing extracts of data for evidence-based monitoring and evaluation of government programmes in Oyo State Nigeria

Probing extracts of data for evidence-based monitoring and evaluation of government programmes in Oyo State Nigeria

Economic Benefits of Incorporating Arable Crops in Plantation Establishment: A Concept of Agroforestry

Food production is an issue of global concern, it was estimated that about 1.2 billion people are food secured and there is almost 900 million people who are suffering from hunger.This population of people suffering from hunger is high in the Africa region. Hence the reason for various interventions by the developed nations of the world in the Africa region. Therefore the need to research into incorporation of arable crops in plantation establishment, so as to bridge the gap between forestry and agricultural land demand. This study was carried out at settlements around Onigambari forest reserve of Oyo State Nigeria. A multi stage sampling was used in which purposive sampling was used to select four communities where taungya farming is been carried out. Simple random sampling was used to select 25 farmers from each of the participated communities to make up of one hundred selected farmers. Result shown that 82% of the farmers were married having a moderately large household size of between 6 and 8 persons, their household size also helped in their ability to cultivate large land as the result shows that these farmers on the average cultivated between 5-6 acres (49%) and 3-4 acres (30%) which is a large portion of land. Maize and cassava are the majority planted crops by the farmers (maize 91%), (Cassava 87%) cocoyam and melon were also planted. The neighboring market of Ogunmakin in Ogun state boundaring the forest reserve to the south, also enjoy the influx of the arable crops as they were sold in this market at a low cost because of it’s production from nearby forest reserve.