Oxygen Transport Function Of Blood Research Articles

Predicting the development of delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with ruptured arterial aneurysms

Introduction. Vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), which develop after rupture of cerebral arterial aneurysms and their surgical treatment, are serious complications that worsen the clinical outcome of the disease. The ability to predict the risk of developing these complications is an urgent task allowing to reduce neurological deficits and improve the quality of the patients’ life after aneurysm rupture. Aim – to develop a prognostic model for the development of DCI in patients with ruptured cerebral arterial aneurysms based on the study of a complex of clinical manifestations and a number of laboratory parameters. Material and methods. We examined 91 patients with ruptured arterial aneurysms and the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the acute period, identifying the main group with the development of DCI (n=67) and the comparison group without DCI (n=24) in the pre- and postoperative periods. Clinical neurological and neuroimaging studies have been carried out. We studied indicators of blood oxygen transport function, platelet aggregation, coagulogram, concentration of nitrates/nitrites (NOx), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in venous blood in the pre- and postoperative periods. Results. Based on the logistic regression equation, we determined that predictors influencing the probability of DCI development after aneurysm rupture and clipping include a score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (p=0.001), the p50 value is the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood at which hemoglobin is oxygen saturated by 50% (p=0.001), ACE concentration (p=0.013), NOx/ACE index (p=0.001) and the degree of platelet aggregation according to Traptest (p=0.005). The threshold value of the result of the logistic regression equation was 0.58 with a diagnostic sensitivity of 85.4% and specificity of 69.3%, the area under the ROC of the AUC curve was 0.88±0.015 (p<0.001), which indicates the high quality of the constructed model. Conclusion. The developed predictive model of the probability of DCI development in patients with ruptured arterial cerebral aneurysms with a diagnostic efficiency of 88% allows timely identifying patients for whom it is advisable to begin neuroprotective therapy before surgical treatment.

INFLUENCE OF FEED ADDITIVE "ENZAKTIVE MIX" ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE BLOOD OF SOWS AND THEIR PIGLETS

The dynamics of the haematological profile changes and the productivity of sows and piglets obtained from them when feeding the feed additive "EnzActive Mix" were described in the article. The feed additive contains yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an activity of at least 1.5 x 10^10 CFU/g and a six enzymes complex with protease, cellulase, xylanase, ɑ-amylase, β-gluconase, phytase, which are located under the layer of yeast cells. The results of the study showed that the use of "EnzActive Mix" in sows and their piglets’ diet has a stimulating effect on the oxygen transport function of blood. This is evidenced by a higher number of erythrocytes and platelets, a higher concentration of haemoglobin and haematocrit in the blood of sows of the experimental group compared to the control group on 21st day of lactation (p<0.05). Addition of the feed additive "EnzActive Mix" to the diet caused changes in certain forms of leukocytes ratio in the sows’ blood. Thus, during this period, a higher (p<0.05) relative lymphocytes number and a tendency to decrease of segmented neutrophils number in the blood of experimental group sows compared to the control group were found. Similar changes were noted in the haematological parameters study of piglets obtained from these sows. In particular, the leukocytes number in the blood of the experimental group piglets at 5-, 14- and 28-day age was higher than in their peers of the control group. At the same time, on the 5th day of life, the differences relatively to the control group animals were significant (p<0.05). Feeding of the feed additive led to a decrease in the segmented neutrophils relative number in the blood of the experimental group piglets on the 14th and 28th day of life (p<0.05) and an increase in the lymphocytes number (p<0.05) during the indicated periods of the study. The positive effect of the feed additive "EnzActive Mix" on the productivity parameters of the studied animals was established. In particular, the body weight of experimental group piglets at 5-, 14- and 28-day age was 7.8%, 13.7% (p<0.05) and 8.4% (p<0.01) higher, respectively, than that of the control group.

Changes in blood oxygen transport function and body energy expenditure during anaesthesia during coronary artery bypass grafting in adults: A randomized clinical study

<b>Introduction:</b> Cardiac surgery is a dangerous and complex field of medicine with significant morbidity and mortality. Quality anesthetic care with specific attention to detail can greatly enhance patient safety and outcome.<br /> <b>Objectives: </b>Comparison of the effects of anesthetics on oxygen consumption, transport and energy expenditure during coronary artery bypass grafting in adults.<br /> <b>Material and methods: </b>A total of 90 patients were assigned randomly into three groups according to the type of anaesthesia: the first group with propofol (P), the second group with sevoflurane, and the last one was with isoflurane. All patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass. To determine oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption were determined using the formulas ((DO<sub>2</sub> = CI* CaO<sub>2</sub>), (VO<sub>2</sub> = Cardiac index (CI)) and a spirometric device during anaesthesia.<br /> <b>Results: </b>the cardiac index remained at the same level in the propofol and sevoflurane groups (2.5±0.6 l/min/m2 and 2.3±0.5 l/min/m2), while in the isoflurane group it was decreased to 2.3±0.5 l/min/m2. The oxygen transport index was 421.6±57.0 ml/min/m2 in the propofol group, 396.4±63.2 ml/min/m2 in the sevoflurane group, and 376.7±68.0 ml/min/m2 in the isoflurane group. Propofol reduced oxygen consumption to 101.5±23.5 ml/min/m2, while sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia reduced it to 106.6±22.3 ml/min/m2 and 116.4±21.4 ml/min/ m2. All anaesthetics reduced energy expenditure, but propofol anaesthesia significantly reduced it from 1491.4 to 1188.3 kcal/day.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>In conclusion, isoflurane significantly reduced cardiac index compared to propofol and sevoflurane. Oxygen transport was higher in the propofol group than volatile anesthetics, and propofol reduced oxygen consumption more than inhalational anesthetics. In addition, energy expenditure was lowest in the propofol group than in the other anesthetics.

PHYSIOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR HAEMOSTATIC RESUSCITATION IN CASE OF MASSIVE BLEEDING. PART 2

Massive bleeding (MB) remains the major preventable cause of death both during elective and urgent surgical procedures, and both during the trauma in civilian settings and combat injuries. Modern MB treatment principles include rapid haemostatic resuscitation due to prompt transfusion of oxygen-carrying red blood cells (RBC), and coagulation factors, which diminish during the formation of blood clots. Haemostatic resuscitation of MB does not involve the transfusion of either colloid or crystalloid solutions, which have been part of the infusion-transfusion therapy algorithms for haemorrhagic shock for many decades. The habit of starting infusiontransfusion therapy with colloid and crystalloid solutions was based on the false idea that it is better to allow to flow out the diluted blood and then, after surgically stopping the bleeding, restore the deficiency of erythrocytes/haemoglobin, as well as coagulation factors. Over the past two decades, it has been established that such a notion is false primarily because the dilution of blood with both colloids and crystalloids leads to clinically significant coagulation disorders. One of the leading mechanisms of coagulation disorders during blood dilution is that when the haematocrit drops below 0.3, erythrocytes lose their ability to push platelets to the walls of small vessels and the loss of platelets increases significantly. In addition, early infusion of colloids and crystalloids can considerably increase blood pressure (BP), promoting the washout of primary thrombi from damaged vessels. Finally, most crystalloid solutions have a higher chlorine concentration and lower pH than blood plasma, which can further impair coagulation. As a result of these mechanisms, reliable haemostasis can be achieved later, the volume of blood loss increases significantly, and the volume of blood transfusions, which is required to compensate for the increased blood loss, also increases significantly. Therefore, in this work, we provide pathophysiological justifications for the potential harm from the early massive infusion of both colloid and crystalloid solutions, as well as the potential benefit from the early use of red blood cells (RBCs) as a key component of haemostatic resuscitation in MB. In particular, we present the physiological aspects of the oxygen transport function of blood and carbon dioxide transport, the participation of erythrocytes in the coagulation cascade and their volemic function. All these physiological justifications convincingly prove the need for transfusion of erythrocytes and fresh frozen plasma in the case of MB, and not a replacement of lost blood with solutions of colloids or crystalloids. In addition, we focus attention on the limited supply of coagulation factors and platelets in the human body, which should strengthen the reader's conviction about the need for transfusion in MB of fresh frozen plasma and other products that contain coagulation factors. Another pathophysiologically justified method of reducing the intensity of bleeding is permissive hypotension, which we have already mentioned in our previous publication. In it, we also outlined the principles of transfusion and infusion therapy for massive unexpected intraoperative blood loss. In a future publication, we plan to outline the role of coagulation factors and platelets as essential components of haemostatic resuscitation and consider the role of warm whole blood in conditions of deficiency or absence of these key components.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SAUNA ON THE OXYGEN TRANSPORT FUNCTION OF YOUNG ATHLETES ENGAGED IN HANDBALL SPORT

The effect of sauna on blood oxygen transport function, lipid peroxidation, prooxidant-antioxidant balance in athletes aged 17-21 engaged in handball sport was studied in the article. Persons involved in the hot air sauna were exposed once a week (20 procedures) for a period of four months. The sauna procedure (at 85-90°C, 10-15% humidity) consisted of two parts: 5 and 10 minutes. In young handball athletes, after taking a dry air bath, an increase in pO2, which is the development of respiratory alkolosis, and a decrease in the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen in venous blood increased the amount of oxygen transported to tissues. After a one-time exposure to the sauna, the development of oxidative stess accelerated (intensification of free radical processes, weakening of antioxidant defenses), and at the end of the course it began to decline. The observed increase in the formation of nitric oxide can play an important role in the modification of oxygen-dependent processes in the body.

The disorders of blood oxygen transport function, hemostasis indicators and endothelium functional state in patients with ruptured arterial aneurysms and the development of delayed cerebral ischemia

Introduction. Rupture of cerebral aneurysms (CA) with the development of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), complicated in some cases by vascular spasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), is due to the complex multifactorial genesis of the disease, including changes in the blood oxygen transport function (BOTF), activation of endothelial cells with a release of vasoregulators, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory proteins, as well as disturbances in the hemostasis system.Purpose – to study the indicators of BOTF, primary and secondary hemostasis and the content of some vasoregulatory metabolites in the pre- and postoperative periods in patients with ruptured CA with the development of DCI and without DCI.Materials and methods. The group with DCI included 45 patients; in the group without DCI were 14 people. Clinical-neurological and neuroimaging examinations were carried out, and parameters of BOTF, primary and secondary hemostasis, nitrate/nitrite, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and PAI-1 concentrations in venous blood were studied before and on days 10–12 after microsurgical clipping of the CA.Results. We diagnosed mild neurological disorders according to the NIHSS scale, confirmed by neuroimaging studies of the brain in the group of DCI patients. It was shown an increase in thrombin-dependent platelet aggregation velocity to 30.6 (24.3; 32.4) AU/min at norm 21.8 (20.3; 24.9) (U, p=0.009) before surgery; and after surgery it was up to 37.4 (30; 44.7) relative to the norm (U, p=0.001). Before surgery, the following was observed: PT shortening to 11.6±0.7 sec at norm 13.2±1.1 (t, p˂0.001), fibrinogen concentration increasing to 4.35 (3.8; 4.8) g/L at norm 3.9 (3.6; 4.1) g/L (U, p = 0.01) and PAI-1 up to 3.9 (2.6; 4.8) ng / mL at norm 2 .7 (2.2; 4.1). After surgery, PT was 11.9±1.1 (t, p˂0.001); fibrinogen - 4.4 (3.9; 4.8) (U, p=0.024), PAI-1 - 4.6 (4.1; 6.7) (U, p=0.0004) respectively. Before surgery, p50 was increased to 28.1 (26.2; 31.6) mm Hg at norm 25.2 (24.3; 26.8) (U, p=0.025); after surgery, it was up to 28.5 (26.8; 30.7) (U, p=0.03) and the ratio of nitrates/nitrites to ACE was reduced to 0.12 (0.08; 0.15) at norm 0.22 (0.15; 0.32) (U, p˂0.001); after - up to 0.11 (0.08; 0.19) (U, p˂0.001) respectively.Conclusion. There has been revealed significant disorders of primary and secondary hemostasis with fibrinolysis inhibition, a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen at the p50 rate and an imbalance of the content of vasoregulatory metabolites in patients with DCI before and after aneurysm clipping, which can be considered as significant factors in the development of DCI after aneurysmal ICH.

Impakt of Ozone on the Oxyge Affinity Blood Properties and Prooxidant–Antioxidant Balance under Effect of H<sub>2</sub>S-Generating System

Hydrogen sulfide belongs to the group of signaling agents called gaseous transmitters and plays an important role in many physiological processes, in particular, in the realization of oxygen-dependent mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of hydrogen sulfide in the effect of ozone on the oxygen affinity blood properties and the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in vitro experiment. Ozone (6 mg/L concentration) and drugs that affect the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (propargylglycine, sodium hydrosulfide and its combination with nitroglycerin) were used. The use of propargylglycine, an inhibitor of the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide, leads to a decrease in the effect of ozone on the blood oxygen transport function (decrease in PO2, SO2, P50real). When sodium hydrosulfide is added, the effect of this gas on these parameters does not increase, but in its combination with nitroglycerin, the effect of ozone on the blood oxygen transport function increases. Propargylglycine does not affect the prooxidant-antioxidant balance under the conditions of the experiment, and donors of hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen monoxide increase the activity of catalase. Propargylglycine under the action of ozone leads to a decrease in the level of nitrate/nitrite, and sodium hydrosulfide increases their concentration. The combination of sodium hydrosulfide and nitroglycerin leads to the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide in the blood plasma.

The Effect of Molecular Hydrogen on Functional States of Erythrocytes in Rats with Simulated Chronic Heart Failure

Molecular hydrogen has an anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effect, which is associated with its antioxidant properties. Erythrocytes are subjected to oxidative stress in pathologies of the cardiovascular system, which is the cause of a violation of the gas transport function of blood and microcirculation. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of H2 inhalation on the functional states of red blood cells (RBCs) in chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats. The markers of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EPM), aggregation, levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG), hematological parameters were estimated in RBCs. An increase in EPM and a decrease in the level of aggregation were observed in groups with multiple and single H2 application. The orientation of lipoperoxidation processes in erythrocytes was combined with the dynamics of changes in oxidative processes in blood plasma, it was observed with both single and multiple exposures, although the severity of the changes was greater with multiple H2 inhalations. Probably, the antioxidant effects of molecular hydrogen mediate its metabolic action. Based on these data, we conclude the use of H2 improves microcirculation and oxygen transport function of blood and can be effective in the treatment of CHF.

Oxygen-Dependent Blood Processes in Beck's Sarcoidosis

The objective: to assess the state of oxygen-dependent blood processes in patients with Beck's sarcoidosis.Subjects and Methods. Parameters of blood oxygen transport function and free radical lipid oxidation, as well as the content of nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen sulfide gas transmitters were assessed in the blood of 75 patients (41 women; 34 men) with Beck's sarcoidosis, stage 2 (the pulmonary mediastinal form).Results. In the pulmonary mediastinal form of sarcoidosis versus healthy individuals, there was a decrease in the degree of blood oxygen saturation from 65.4 (60.6; 67.8) to 41.50 (36.0; 49.8), p < 0.05, %, partial oxygen pressure from 40.0 (38.0; 47.0) to 23.0 (18.3; 29.0) mmHg, p < 0.05, and blood pH increased. A decrease in the index of hemoglobin affinity to oxygen p50real (26.80 (24.70; 31.40), p < 0.05, versus healthy individuals 28.2 (27.9; 29.1) mmHg) was revealed. The level of diene conjugates increased in plasma by 86.4% (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde increased in erythrocytes by 139.2% (p < 0.05), while the following parameters decreased: α-tocopherol (by 42.7 %, p < 0.05), retinol (by 41.9%, p < 0.05), reduced glutathione (by 30.4%, p < 0.05), and ceruloplasmin (by 22.3%, p < 0.05) in plasma. There was an increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide (from 15.42 (14.48; 17.71) to 17.09 (7.04; 25.09), mmol/L) and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide (from 29.01 (25.21; 37.03) to 13.08 (8.63; 20.46), mmol/L) in the blood in case of this pathology.Conclusion. There is a deterioration in the blood oxygen-binding properties in patients with Beck's sarcoidosis, stage 2, and as a consequence, tissue needs in oxygen are not adequately provided by blood circulation. There is an increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide, which affects the oxygen transport function of blood which may be important for ensuring the processes of oxygen transfer to tissues. In this pathology, activation of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the level of antioxidant protection factors of blood were revealed which might be important for the genesis of this disease.

Oxygen-binding properties of blood in insulin resistance with different asprosin content.

The oxygen-binding properties of blood were studied in male patients with insulin resistance (IR) with different levels of asprosin. The content of asprosin, parameters of blood oxygen transport function, as well as gas transmitters, nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen sulfide, were determined in the venous blood plasma. In the studied IR patients with increased blood asprosin content, impaired blood oxygenation was noted; IR patients with normal body weight had increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen, while in IR patients with overweight and the 1st degree obesity, this parameter decreased. The detected increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide and the decrease in hydrogen sulfide may be important for the oxygen-binding properties of the blood and the development of metabolic imbalance.

Hemosorption efficiency for suppressing the cytokine storm caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus infection is a clinical syndrome caused by a mutational RNA virus (SARS-CoV-2). In severe cases, it is characterized by the development of a “cytokine storm”. The latter leads to the multiple organ dysfunction, ARDS and causes high mortality. To suppress the cytokine aggression in patients with severe COVID-19, the drug suppression is recommended; however, the use of hemosorption can be pathogenetically justified as an alternative method.The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of hemosorption using the hemosorbent “Hemo-Proteazosorb” in the severe COVID-19 infection course in comparison to the drug suppression with tocilizumab.We studied the clinical and laboratory parameters of 88 patients who were treated at the anesthesiology and intensive care department. All patients were divided into 2 groups: Hemo-Proteazosorb (n = 53) and Tocilizumab (n = 33).4Against the background of hemosorption using the Hemo-Proteazosorb sorbent, statistically the level of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, leukocytes, fibrinogen, D-dimers significantly decreases, the number of lymphocytes increases, as well as the respiratory index earlier grows in comparison with the group receiving tocilizumab therapy. The study found that the use of hemosorption through the domestic sorbent “Hemo-Proteazosorb” has a number of advantages over the drug suppression of the “cytokine storm” with tocilizumab due to the more pronounced effects of immunomodulation, improvement of the oxygen transport function of blood, its rheological properties and the possibility of effective use in persons with viral bacterial infection.

НИЗКОИНТЕНСИВНОЕ ЛАЗЕРНОЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕ КРОВИ И ЕГО ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКЦИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СИСТЕМЫ ГОМЕОСТАЗА У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ КРЫС С ТЕРМИЧЕСКИМИ ОЖОГАМИ КОЖИ

Background. Treatment of burn injuries is one of the most acute and urgent problems of combustiology, despite all the achievements of modern medicine. With skin burns, multiple systemic changes occur that require special attention and new approaches. Low-intensity laser blood irradiation is a highly effective method of non-pharmacological corrective effect on the homeostasis system of burned patients, but remains unexplored in pregnant women with thermal skin burns. The aim of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity laser blood irradiation for the correction of disorders of the homeostasis system in pregnant rats with thermal skin burns. Material and methods. An experimental study was carried out on 81 female outbred white rats weighing 200-250 g, which were divided into three groups. The control group consisted of pregnant intact rats, the first experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, the second experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, which underwent low-intensity laser blood irradiation. The oxygen transport function of blood, acid-base status and basic biochemical parameters of blood were studied. Results. Thermal burns of the skin in rats in the early period of pregnancy are accompanied by a deterioration in the oxygen transport function of the blood (a decrease in PO2 and SO2 values, a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen) and the development of metabolic acidosis, as well as the presence of endogenous intoxication (an increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine, an increase in the level of liver enzymes). The use of low-intensity laser irradiation of blood makes it possible to improve homeostasis indices in a shorter time. Conclusions. Low-intensity laser irradiation of blood improves the main indicators of the oxygen transport function of the blood and reduces the level of endogenous intoxication during skin burns in rats in the early period of pregnancy.

DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE MECHANISMS OF SUCCINIC ACID-BASED DRUG ON IMPROVING THE STATE OF ERYTHROCYTE LINK OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT DURING AEROBIC PHYSICAL LOADS

Introduction. Strenuous aerobic work inherent to cyclical sports requires adequate oxygenation of the athletes’ working muscles. One of the ways to improve the oxygen transport function of blood is to optimize the structural and functional state of erythrocytes, for example, by using succinic acid in the form of the medical drug Armadin Long. This pharmacological drug is widespread in clinical practice for treating hypoxic and ischemic conditions, and very little is known about its use for improving the condition of the erythrocytes in the blood of athletes, which determined the relevance of this study. The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using the medical drug Armadine Long to improve the state of the erythrocyte link of the blood oxygen transport system during aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods. A randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial included 40 male middle-distance runners (aerobic discipline of athletics). The subjects were divided into two subgroups matched for number, age, and anthropometric characteristics (strats). In this work, laboratory methods were used, including hematological tests (in particular, hemoglobin and erythrocytes level measurement and erythrocyte characteristics evaluation), as well as biochemical method: the study of prooxidant and antioxidant balance (activity of lipid peroxidation according to changes in the content of maloniс dialdehyde and antioxidant protection according to changes in the concentration of reduced glutathione) and functional characteristics of erythrocyte membranes (permeability, sorption capacity, sorption capacity of the glycocalyx) as well as evaluation of the main components of lipid and protein composition of red blood cell membranes. Pedagogical research methods were based on the determination of relative aerobic capacity using the generally accepted PWC170 test. Results of the study. During 21 days of intensive loads, an almost two-fold increase in contents of malonic dialdehyde was observed with a parallel decrease in reduced glutathione content by 23.5 % during aerobic loads. At the same time, there was a deterioration of the functional characteristics of erythrocytes and a decrease in the relative aerobic capacity in comparison with the baseline data. The use of the medical drug Armadine Long at a dose of 600 mg per day improved the indicated characteristics of erythrocytes. At the same time, there were positive changes in the protein and lipid state of the erythrocyte membranes, and the athletes’ aerobic power increased by 38.7%. It substantiates the high ergogenic ability of succinic acid, which is based on the normalization of the lipoperoxidation process and the improvement of the structural and functional characteristics of erythrocyte membranes.

Features of ozone effect on the oxygen-dependent blood processes under hypercapnia conditions

The aim of this work is to study of ozone effect on blood oxygen-dependent processes under hypercapnia conditions. The studied blood samples are pretreated with a hypercapnic gas mixture followed by the addition of ozonized isotonic sodium chloride solution (with an ozone concentration of 6 mg/l), as well as gaseous transmitters donors, nitroglycerin and sodium hydrosulfide. It has been established that hypercapnia enhanced the ozone effect on the blood oxygen transport function and was characterized by the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right, also increased hydrogen sulfide synthesis and absence of changes in the nitrates/nitrites concentration. Under these conditions nitroglycerin and sodium hydrosulfide did not change the parameters of the blood gas transport function, but increased the level of nitrate/nitrite and hydrogen sulfide. Preliminary hypercapnia does not eliminate the activating effect of ozone on the free radical oxidation processes, and the addition of the applied gaseous transmitter donors does not contribute to the regulation of the studied parameters.

HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKENS AFTER ACTION OF «ENTERONORMIN» IN COMPLEX WITH IODINE AND SELENIUM

The uncontrolled use of antibiotics, sulfanilamide preparations, coccidiostatics and numerous vaccinations leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, immunodeficiency and death of bird. In view of this, probiotics have been used to normalize the microflora of the intestine and the strengthening of immune and antioxidant functions. Microbial preparations from associations of non-pathogenic bacteria have a positive effect on performance and natural resistance of poultry, contribute to the restoration of a healthy microbiom and generally improve the efficiency of growing broilers. Therefore, in order to obtain biologically full and environmentally friendly poultry products, it is recommended to use synbiotic preparations from the first days of life.
 The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of indicators characterizing the hematological profile of broiler chickens during their cultivation under the action of the synbiotic preparation "Enteronormin" activated by aqueous solution of iodine and selenium. The drug contains living crops of useful microorganisms, the genus Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp. and bacteria Bacillus subtilis, chitosan water-soluble, peptone microbiological, as a source of vitamins of the group B and indispensable amino acids. The results of conducted experimental studies have shown that the use of chicken broilers of the synbiotic drug "Enteronormin" in a complex with iodine and selenium caused a stimulus effect on the oxygen-transport function of blood. As evidenced by a greater number of erythrocytes and concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of chicken broilers of the experimental group in relation to control in all periods of research.

Эффект озона на кислородтранспортную функцию и прооксидантно-антиоксидантный баланс крови в условиях воздействия на NO-генерирующую систему в опытах in vitro

Ozone has a wide range of physiological effects, in particular, it improves the rheological properties of blood and affects oxygen-dependent processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ozone on blood oxygen transport function and prooxidant-antioxidant balance in under conditions of changing nitrogen monoxide formation in vitro experiments. The study used an ozone concentration of 6 mg/l and drugs that change affecting the synthesis of nitrogen monoxide in erythrocytes (nitroglycerin, L-arginine and L-NAME). Revealed that the introduction of the nitroglycerin leads to increased effect of ozone on the oxygen-transport function (manifested by increase in pO2, SO2, p50real) and increase concentration of gaseous transmitters NO, H2S. When adding L-arginine, L-NAME, and a combination of these drugs to experimental blood samples under the influence of ozone, changes in the studied parameters were not detected. The impact on the NO-dependent mechanisms of the intra-erythrocyte system did not significantly affect the processes of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, diene conjugates) and antioxidant protection (catalase, retinol, α-tocopherol).

Changes in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of blood in athletes training speed, endurance or strength performance

The vast majority of researches have focused on the study of an association between the body physical capabilities and quantitative, qualitative indicators and the rheological properties of blood depending on the level of physical activity or physical performance. However, the influence of performance (strength, endurance, speed), which is mainly trained by athletes, on the quantitative and qualitative blood indicators have not been studied enough.The aim of the work – to study the association between the quantitative and qualitative blood indicators with the characteristics of strength, endurance or speed, that are mainly trained by athletes in different sports.Materials and methods. A total of 72 athletes (52 men and 20 women) qualified from Candidate Master of Sports (CMS) to Master of Sports of International Class (MSIC) (mean age 21.75 ± 3.32 years) were examined. Depending on the physical performance mainly trained by athletes, three groups were formed: the first group – 48 athletes who mainly trained endurance performance (triathlon, swimming, long-distance running, rowing), the second group – 16 athletes who mainly trained speed performance (sprint running), the third group – 8 athletes who mainly trained strength performance (weightlifting, powerlifting, kettlebell lifting). Among them, there were MSIC – 2, masters of sports (MS) – 25, CMS – 45. Blood parameters were determined in the capillary blood of the athletes, using an automatic hematology analyzer “Abacus junior” (Diatron Messtechnik GmbH, Austria).Results. Groups of athletes who mainly trained endurance or strength performance did not differ from each other in many blood indicators. However, athletes who mainly trained strength performance had a more pronounced anisocytosis, as evidenced by a 5.8 % (Р = 0.008) increase in erythrocyte distribution width (RDWc, %), than athletes who trained endurance performance, as well as by a 15.4 % (Р = 0.033) higher mean platelet volume.Athletes who predominantly trained speed performance had an increased erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) by 4.6 % (Р = 0.0082), absolute (MID) and relative (MI) mixed number of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils by 172.9 % (Р = 0.0004) and 158.3 % (Р = 0.0002), respectively, than athletes who trained endurance performance.In athletes who trained strength performance, in contrast to athletes who trained speed performance, significantly higher red blood cell indicators were detected: absolute number of erythrocytes by 7.6 % (Р = 0.040); haemoglobin content by 8.0 % (Р = 0.032); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration by 6.4 % (Р = 0.025); RDWc by 5.7 % (Р = 0.006) with a decrease of 5.9 % (Р = 0.001) in MCV.Conclusions. Mobilization of the blood oxygen transport function in response to physical activity in athletes, who mainly trained strength performance, was accomplished through the increasing erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with the decreasing erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume. Athletes who predominantly trained speed performance showed the downward changes in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (within the reference values) and increased erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume. In athletes who mainly trained endurance performance, the erythrocyte population was medium– sized with medium level of mean corpuscular hemoglobin.

Features of blood oxygen transport function of pregnant women with community-acquired pneumonia (review)

Features of blood oxygen transport function of pregnant women with community-acquired pneumonia (review)

Исследование совместного действия кофермента Q10 и маточного молочка на некоторые гематологические и спирометрические показатели высококвалифицированных спортсменов

Objective: to study the effects of royal jelly and coenzyme Q10 administered with food on the number of hematological and spirometric indicators in elite swimmers in precompetitive period. Materials and methods: 16 highly qualified athletes at the age of 19,8±0,6 years participated in the study. Content of erythrocytes and different white blood cells and level of hemoglobin in the blood of the athletes were measured using hematology analyzer «Abacus Junior 30». The measurement of respiratory volume, respiratory minute volume, respiratory frequency, рO 2 and рCO 2 in expired air, alveolar рO 2 and рCO 2 in the subjects was made using anesthesia breathing apparatus «Capnomac Ultima». Results: the administration of the above mix by the athletes stimulates the immune system and the oxygen-transporting function of blood, activates the functional state of pulmonary tissue, increases the oxygen consumption and improves physical performance. Conclusions: the effect of preventive therapy on the analyzed parameters in highly qualified swimmers determine the feasibility of the competent intake of composition «royal jelly-ubiquinone-10-honey» before and during major competitions when the requirements are high.

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T polymorphism with blood oxygen transport

BackgroundNitric oxide (NO) is involved in formation of oxygen transport function of blood and oxygen transport in tissues by means of interaction with haemoglobin. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T polymorphism affects the expression and the activity of the NO synthase enzyme. The influence of this polymorphism on the formation of oxygen-dependent processes in the body has not been completely investigated. ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between G894T polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and the condition of oxygen transport function of blood in healthy male volunteers. MethodsThe study subjects were healthy young males aged 18–24 years (n = 165). The blood was drawn from the cubital vein at rest after 12 h following the last food intake. G984T polymorphism and the blood oxygen indices pO2, CvO2, SO2, pH, р50stand (the temperature was 37°С, рН = 7.4, рСО2 = 40 mm Hg) and р50act (actual temperature, рН and рСО2), etc. were determined. ResultsIn persons with the TT-genotype, the oxygen content in venous blood was 48.7% (q = 0.019) lower compared to subjects with the GT-genotype and 49.4% (q = 0.019) lower compared to subjects with the GG-genotype. The saturation of blood in carriers of the TT-genotype was 32.4% (q = 0.021) and 35.9% (q = 0.019) lower as opposed to subjects with the GT-genotype and the GG-genotype, respectively. In blood of subjects with the TT-genotype, the oxygen tension was 26.1% (q = 0.019) lower as compared to subjects with the GT-genotype and 27.4% (q = 0.019) lower as opposed to the GG-genotype. In turn, volunteers having a common allele in their genotype (GG + GT) demonstrated oxygen tension to be 26.7% (q = 0.019) higher compared to subjects with the TT-genotype. The blood pH values of the subjects having the recessive genotype were 0.022 units lower compared to the GG (q = 0.044) and GT (q = 0.042) genotypes. In volunteers with the TT-genotype, the p50stand parameter was 5.8% (q = 0.027) lower compared to subjects with the GT-genotype and 6.8% (q = 0.019) lower compared to volunteers with the GG-genotype. In persons with two T-alleles in their genotype, p50act was 5.4% (q = 0.019) lower compared to subjects with the GT-genotype and 6.4% (q = 0.019) lower compared to persons with the GG-genotype. ConclusionThe T-allele of G894T polymorphism is associated with low values for oxygen content, oxygen tension, acidic pH shift and increased haemoglobin affinity for oxygen under standard and real conditions. The presence of a minor allele in G894T polymorphism of the NOS3 gene contributes to formation of oxygen transport function of blood.