Oxygen Saturation Levels In Patients Research Articles

Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Apnea-Hypopnea Index or Nadir Oxygen Saturation Levels in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and nadir oxygen saturation (SpO2) are the indexes used to measure the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is one of the main contributing factors to the onset and severity of OSA in patients. This study was conducted to find the association between BMI and OSA severity indexes, mainly AHI and nadir SpO2 levels. Polysomnography reports of patients with diagnosed OSA in a teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed. BMI, AHI, and nadir SpO2 levels were recorded from the sleep study reports of the patients. Spearman's Rho test was applied to find the correlation between BMI and AHI/nadir Spo2 levels. A total of 167 patients were included in the study, comprising 83 males and 84 females. The Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to investigate the association between BMI and gender and age groups. The analysis revealed a significant difference in BMI between males and females, with females having a higher BMI. However, there was no significant difference in BMI among individuals in the early middle and late middle age groups. Spearman's Rho test was employed to explore the correlation between BMI and AHI/nadir SpO2 levels. The results indicated no significant correlation between BMI and AHI (p= .122) or nadir SpO2 levels (p= .239). Contrary to common belief, BMI was not linked to the severity of OSA. It implies that several other factors, independent of BMI, play a role in the disease progression and severity.

The Relationship Between Slow Wave Sleep and Blood Oxygen Saturation Among Patients With Apnea: Retrospective Study

Background and Objective Prior research suggests that slow wave sleep (SWS) is disrupted in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, it was not clear whether the reduction in SWS is related to abnormal breathing or the extent of OSA as determined by the minimum oxygen saturation. Further, there is limited research on the relationship between oxygen saturation and SWS. The present study examined the relationship between SWS and minimum oxygen saturation levels in patients with OSA.Methods The sample consisted of 589 patients with OSA (mean age: 48.54 years) who completed full-night polysomnography.Results Results showed that there was a significant difference in SWS scores across three apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) groups (AHI score 5–15 for mild apnea, 16–30 for moderate apnea, and >30 for severe apnea). Lower SWS scores were observed in the severe apnea group. Additionally, results indicated that as oxygen saturation decreased, the SWS scores decreased.Conclusions Results from this study indicate that oxygen saturation significantly predicts SWS amounts. These findings suggest that interventions for low oxygen saturation could enhance the amounts of SWS. The clinical ramifications of these findings are worthy of consideration.

Oxygen Therapy Against Changes in Oxygen Saturation Levels in Patients with Head Injuries

Introduction: The impact on head injury is trauma to the scalp, brain, and skull, so to maintain stable oxygenation in body and brain tissues, oxygen therapy is very important in head injury patients so that oxygen saturation levels increase. Objective: To determine the description of oxygen therapy on changes in oxygen saturation levels in clients with head injuries. Methods: descriptive case study with the subjects used were 2 patients through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Results: Changes in oxygen saturation levels in patients Head injuries A and H for 3 days experienced an increase after receiving oxygen therapy of 3 L/minute through a nasal cannula. Conclusion: nasal cannula oxygen therapy can increase oxygen saturation.

Role of Ultra-High Dilutions of Homoeopathic Medicines in Increasing Blood Oxygen Saturation Levels in Patients under Palliative Treatment– A Case Series Study Using Pulse-Oximeter Levels

Background: Oxygen is one of the most important elements that support the life. So, the demand and delivery of oxygen should be well balanced in order to maintain homeostasis in our body. The maintenance of this homeostasis and oxygen delivery revolves around respiratory and cardiovascular system of our body. Thus, any dysfunction or abnormal function to these systems can leads to an imbalance in homeostasis causing hypoxemia and their complication including multi-organ dysfunction. Objective: To obtain an effective homoeopathic management for hypoxemia in patients under palliative care by using ultrahigh dilutions of various homoeopathic medicines and by thus improving the Quality of Life of the patient. Methods: The methodology comprises of selection of patients from palliative care unit of Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, Kulasekharam, whose SpO2 level falls between 95%-80% by the help of a pulse-oximeter and after the selection of patient appropriate ultra-high dilutions of homoeopathic medicine will be administered. Results: From this study, it was observed that Homoeopathic treatment with oxygen therapy can improve Hypoxemia as well as Quality of Life (using 15D-HRQoL) in hypoxemic patients under palliative care treatment. Conclusion: With Homoeopathic intervention, we can alleviate the sufferings of Hypoxemic patients in palliative care treatment.

Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis Treatment in the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 Disease.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 management focuses primarily on infection prevention, case management, case monitoring, and supportive care. However, due to the lack of evidence, no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment is recommended. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19 patients with symptoms of pulmonary involvement on the computed tomography (CT) of the lung. Methods: In 2021, an experimental study in critically ill patients admitted to the COVID-19 ward in the Hazrat-e Rasool hospital diagnosed with COVID-19 was conducted in the second phase (pilot study). The diagnosis was confirmed according to clinical signs, CT scan of the lung, and the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. All patients received the usual treatments for COVID-19 disease and underwent plasmapheresis at a dose of 40 cc/kg daily up to 4 doses. All patients were observed for 24 hours for complications of plasmapheresis treatment and simultaneously for symptoms of COVID-19, after which only routine care measures were performed. The next day and 2 weeks after resumption of the treatment, patients experienced COVID-19 symptoms, including shortness of breath, cough, and fever. Blood oxygen saturation, and treatment results were evaluated. Qualitative and rank variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies and quantitative parametric variables were used using mean and confidence interval. Frequencies were compared in groups using the chi-square test. All tests were performed in 2 directions and P > 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 120 patients studied, 79 (65.8%) were men and 41 (34.2%) were women. The mean age was 60.30 ± 15.61 years (22-95 years). The mean hospital stay was 12.89 days ± 7.25 days (2-38 days). Increased blood oxygen saturation levels in patients had an increasing trend. Inflammatory indices had a downward trend in patients. The frequency of plasmapheresis had no significant effect on reducing the downward trend of inflammatory markers. The greatest reduction occurred in the first plasmapheresis. Conclusion: Finally, according to the findings, plasmapheresis is one of the appropriate treatments to improve patients' symptoms and reduce cytokine storm. Recovered patients had lower levels of inflammatory markers than those who died.

The effect of Pursed Lips Breathing Exercises on the Oxygen Saturation Levels of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can face increased resistance of airflow, air trapping, and lung hyperinflation. This condition can also cause decreased lung ventilation functions. Using a pursed lips breathing exercise can strengthen respiratory muscles that can improve oxygen saturation by maintaining airflow to bronchus and its branches and alveolus which then can prevent collapse in bronchiolus. The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of pursed lips breathing exercises on the oxygen saturation levels in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in Persahabatan hospital, Jakarta. The design was quasi experimental, with a control group pre-post test design. A random sampling technique was used in the study. The exercise was provided to the intervention group for six days. The findings showed that the lung ventilation function is significantly different between preand post-intervention for both groups (p=0.00). Further, the average lung ventilation function in the intervention group is significantly different from that of the control group after intervention (p=0.012). In addition, while there is a significant relationship between subject age and the increase of the lung ventilation score (p=0.001), there was no relationship between height and the increase of oxygen saturation (p=0.091) and no significant relationship between sex and the increase of oxygen saturation (p=0.346). Based on these findings, the pursed lips breathing exercise is recommended to patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in order to improve the level of oxygen saturation.
 
 Keywords: Oxygen saturation, Pursed lips breathing exercise, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Clinical study of incidence of significant major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries in patients of TOF and its correlation with pulmonary artery anatomy

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries and major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) is the most extreme variant of TOF. MAPCAs are frequently present and the main source of pulmonary flow in patients with TOF with hypoplastic arteries in the absence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Objective: To study the incidence of significant MAPCAs in patients of TOF and its correlation with pulmonary artery anatomy. Patients and Methods: This prospective study has been conducted on a cohort of 100 consecutive TOF patients of 0-15 years of age. All the clinical and demographic parameters were collected. Two dimensional ECHO and CT pulmonary angiography was performed to define PA anatomy and MAPCAs morphology. Cardiac catheterization was performed as and when required. All the patients selected for the study, had PDA absent. Results: A total 56 patients had MAPCAs. Hypoplastic LPA was observed in 31 patients, of which 27 (87%) had significant MAPCAs, and hypoplastic RPA was found in 46 patients with 40 (87%) having significant MAPCAs. The mean diameter found was 5.78 ± 3.52 mm. Direct arborization pattern was observed in 45 patients. The mean oxygen saturation was 76.72 ± 7. Conclusion: Patients with TOF and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries had significant incidence of MAPCAs. The majority had MAPCAs with direct origin from descending aorta and larger diameter. A statistically significant difference was observed in the oxygen saturation levels in patients with and without MAPCAs.

Characteristics of regional cerebral oxygen saturation levels in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with or without return of spontaneous circulation: A prospective observational multicentre study

AimOur study aimed at filling the fundamental knowledge gap on the characteristics of regional brain oxygen saturation (rSO2) levels in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with or without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) upon arrival at the hospital for estimating the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and neurological prognostication in these patients. MethodsWe enrolled 1921 OHCA patients from the Japan – Prediction of Neurological Outcomes in Patients Post-cardiac Arrest Registry and measured their rSO2 immediately upon arrival at the hospital by near-infrared spectroscopy using two independent forehead probes (right and left). We also assessed the percentage of patients with a good neurological outcome (defined as cerebral performance categories 1 or 2) 90 days post cardiac arrest. ResultsAfter 90 days, 79 (4%) patients had good neurological outcomes and a median lower rSO2 level of 15% (15–20%). Compared to patients without ROSC upon arrival at the hospital, those with ROSC had significantly higher rSO2 levels (56% [39–65%] vs. 15% [15–17%], respectively; P<0.01), and significantly correlated right- and left-sided regional brain oxygen saturation levels (R=0.94 vs. 0.66, respectively). In both groups, the percentage of patients with a good 90-day neurological outcome increased significantly in proportion to their rSO2 levels upon arrival at the hospital (P<0.01). ConclusionOur data indicate that measuring rSO2 levels might be effective for both monitoring the quality of resuscitation and neurological prognostication in patients with OHCA.

Oxygen Saturation in Dental Pulp of Permanent Teeth: Difference between Children/Adolescents and Adults

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to use pulse oximetry to measure oxygen saturation in permanent maxillary central incisors with normal pulp in 2 different age groups: children/adolescents and adults. MethodsBlood oxygen saturation levels were measured using a pulse oximeter in 110 maxillary central incisors of 57 individuals, in 1 of 2 possible age bands, as follows: 28 children/adolescents (7–13 years old) and 29 adults (22–36 years old). The following factors were also analyzed: (1) heart rate (beats/min); (2) oxygen saturation rate measured at the patient's index finger, also using a pulse oximeter; (3) tooth crown dimensions; and (4) the time taken by the oximeter to provide a reading. ResultsThe mean oxygen saturation level in normal central incisors was higher among children/adolescents (84.35%) than adults (77.88%, P = .003). Oxygen saturation rates measured at the patients' fingers were not correlated with saturation obtained at the teeth (r = 0.10). There was no correlation between oxygen saturation readings and tooth dimensions (buccal surface area), heart rate, or oximeter reading time (P > .05). ConclusionsOxygen saturation values measured in maxillary central incisors using a pulse oximeter revealed differences between children/adolescents and adults, showing that children/adolescents have higher oxygen saturation levels. There was no correlation between oxygen saturation levels in patients' fingers and values from their teeth or between oxygen saturation readings from central incisors and tooth dimensions (buccal surface), heart rate, or oximeter reading time.

The importance of low central venous oxygen saturation levels in patients after cardiac surgery

Objectives: Reduced venous oxygen saturation reflect global tissue hypoxia. This has been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This observation was started to characterize low central venous oxygen saturation in patients after cardiac surgery.

Retinal oxygen saturation levels in patients with central retinal vein occlusion

PurposeTo validate the efficacy of Fourier transform-based spectral retinal imaging (SRI) in quantifying retinal ischemia. DesignProspective, observational case series. Patients and methodsEleven eyes of 10 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 4 fellow unaffected eyes of selected patients were examined by both fluorescein angiography and SRI. The fluorescein angiograms were correlated with oxygen saturation maps that were calculated from the SRI. ResultsOxygen saturation levels in the fundus were shown as color grading in 35° fundus images processed by SRI. This grading correlated well with the severity of CRVO, as estimated by fluorescein angiography. ConclusionsThe severity of circulatory disturbances in CRVO may be graded by applying SRI.

32. Comparison of oxygen saturation levels in patients receiving Technegas by the conventional unassisted method versus the positive ventilation delivery system (PVDS)

32. Comparison of oxygen saturation levels in patients receiving Technegas by the conventional unassisted method versus the positive ventilation delivery system (PVDS)

Differential tissue and organ anoxia in disease: the measurement of periarticular oxygen saturation levels in patients with arthritis.

Differential tissue and organ anoxia in disease: the measurement of periarticular oxygen saturation levels in patients with arthritis.