Oxide Production In LPS-activated RAW264 Research Articles

Macrostines A and B: Tetracyclic fisicoccane from the fungus Periconia macrospinosa WTG-10

Two previous unreported fusicoccane diterpenoids macrostines A and B, together with seven known compounds were isolated from an extract of the fungus Periconia macrospinosa WTG-10. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data, NMR calculations with DP4+, and their absolute configurations were further determined by quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra or X-crystallography. Macrostines A and B showed no cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compound 9 showed moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis.

Polyketides with antimicrobial activities from Penicillium canescens DJJ-1

Two undescribed polyketides canecines A-B, one unreported cyclopentenone canecine C, together with 12 known compounds were isolated from an extract of the fungus Penicillium canescens DJJ-1. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data, NMR calculations with dJ-DP4 or DP4+, and their absolute configurations were further determined by quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra or X-crystallography. Canecine A was a grisan polyketide featuring a dimethyltetrahydro-4H-furo[2,3-b]pyran. Canecine A exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Candida albicans with an MIC value of 1 μg/mL and showed inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. These results enrich the structural diversities of polyketides from endophytic fungi.

Cadinane sesquiterpenoids from the fungus Antrodiella albocinnamomea and their inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production

Seven previously undescribed cadinane sesquiterpenoids, albocinnamins A‒G, were isolated from the fungus Antrodiella albocinnamomea. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction. Cadinane sesquiterpenoids were reported from A. albocinnamomea for the first time. All of these sesquiterpenoids possess an unusual ether ring with minor modifications. Albocinnamins D and G showed certain inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 26.1 and 19.2 μM, respectively.

A New Cytotoxic Evodiamine Derivative From Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley

1-Hydroxymethyl goshuyuamide II (1), a new derivative of evodiamine with a quinazolinocarboline skeleton, along with nine known evodiamine derivatives were isolated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley using several different chromatographic separations. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Putative biosynthetic pathways toward 1 are proposed. Compounds 1 and 2 and 4 to 10 exhibited cytotoxic activity against six human tumor lines, and compounds 4 and 7 to 10 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.

Bioactive sesterterpenoids from the fungus Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14

Seven previously undescribed sesterterpenes were characterized from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14 by solid fermentation. Their structures were initially investigated in detail by spectroscopic analyses and HR-ESI-MS and were further confirmed by X-crystallography. In in vitro bioassays, compounds 1, 5 and 7 showed cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with IC50 values of 7.98 ± 0.93, 6.42 ± 0.41 and 7.32 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. Compounds 5 and 7 displayed significant cytotoxicity against the A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 values of 4.83 ± 0.22 μM and 4.58 ± 0.85 μM, respectively). In addition, compound 5 showed an obvious inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 9.53 ± 0.16 μM.

Nicotabin A, a Sesquiterpenoid Derivative from Nicotiana tabacum.

Nicotabin A (1), a sesquiterpenoid derivative possessing a fused 5/6/5/5/5 ring system, was isolated from leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. The structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 was proposed. Compound 1 inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 of 22.1 μM.

New cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory compounds isolated from Morus alba L.

Six Diels–Alder adducts (1–6) and nine prenylated flavanones (7–15) were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. Among them, soroceal B (1) and sanggenol Q (7) were new compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1–3, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15 exhibited cytotoxic activity against five human tumour lines and compound 2 inhibited significantly selective cytotoxic activities towards HL-60 and AGS cells with IC50 of 3.4 and 3.6 μM. Compounds 3, 5, 9 and 12 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7.

Constituents of Vigna angularis and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity

Nine non-phenolic compounds, including four furanylmethyl glycosides, angularides A–D, one ent-kaurane diterpene glycoside, angularin A, and four triterpenoid saponins, angulasaponins A–D, were isolated from seeds of Vigna angularis, together with eight known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as chemical methods. Angularin A, angulasaponins A–C, and azukisaponins III and VI showed inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values ranging from 13μM to 24μM.

Cytotoxic ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon wikstroemioides

Phytochemical investigation of EtOAc extracts of the aerial parts of Isodon wikstroemioides afforded 18 new ent-kaurane diterpenoids (wikstroemioidins E-V, 1-18), along with 17 known analogues (19-35). The absolute configurations of 1 and 16 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The isolates were screened against five human tumor cell lines; compounds 3, 4, 9, 11-13, 23, 25-28, and 33 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against all five, with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 5.1 μM. In addition, 17 of the isolates strongly inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Bioactive ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon rosthornii

Isorosthin A (1), the first 20-nor-enmein-type diterpenoid, and 15 new ent-kauranoids, isorosthins B-P (2-16), along with 22 known analogues were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon rosthornii. The structures of 1-16 were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis. The relative configuration of 2 and the absolute configuration of 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cytotoxicity evaluation against five human tumor lines showed inhibitory effects by several of the compounds tested. Furthermore, 12 of the isolates exhibited inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Bioactive Abietane and ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon tenuifolius

Three new abietane diterpenoids, isoabietenins A-C (1-3), and 13 new ent-kauranoids, tenuifolins A-M (4-16), along with four known compounds (17-20), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon tenuifolius. The structures of the new metabolites were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1, 15, and 16 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Selected compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a small panel of human tumor cell lines, and some compounds showed inhibitory effects. Furthermore, several isolates exhibited inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages.