Oxidative Stress Index Values Research Articles

Determination of the Effects of Ankaferd Wound Dressing on the Wound Healing Process in Rats.

The effects of a composite nanofiber wound dressing material consisting of a polyvinylidene alcohol and polyvinylidene pyrrolidone polymer mixture with a hemostatic agent doped with Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on the healing of experimentally induced dermal wounds in rats were examined. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n= 6). Histological material was examined on tissues taken from the wound site, whereas total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) analyses were performed on blood samples taken from the cardia. The material that was produced had hydrophilic properties, and both the ABS-doped and-undoped forms of the material positively affected wound healing. In the histopathological examinations, macroscopic evaluations revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of wound diameter, reepithelialization, and inflammation formation (p= 0.019). In parallel with wound healing and histological outcomes, TAS values increased in the ABS-doped groups, and TOS and OSI values decreased in the wound dressing groups (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the ABS-dopped dressing did not have a negative effect on wound healing, it accelerated healing, and it could be used effectively and safely to treat skin injuries. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical and histopathological benefits and potential adverse effects of wound dressings produced using ABS-doped polymers on wound healing.

Investigation of oxidant-antioxidant status in patients treated with hirudotherapy: an experimental study.

To examine the influence of hirudotherapy on parameters of oxidative stress. The cross-sectional study was conducted from March 29 to September 29, 2021, at the Alanya Research and Training Hospital's Traditional and Complementary Medicine Application Centre, Turkey, and comprised adult volunteers of either gender. The participants were subjected to two sessions of hirudotherapy 4 weeks apart. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index values, ischaemia-modified albumin level, paraoxonase 1, disulfide, native thiol, total thiol, and arylesterase levels were assessed at baseline and after the second hirudotherapy session. Data was analysed using SPSS 15. Of the 50 subjects, 30(60%) were females and 20(40%) were males. The overall mean age was 47.10±15.16 years. Oxidative stress, ischaemia-modified albumin and disulfide levels decreased, but not significantly (p>0.05). The reduction in disulfide levels was significant (p=0.021). Hirudotherapy, within its limitations, could reduce oxidative stress.

Therapeutic Potential of Sol-Gel ZnO Nanocrystals: Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Tri-Action.

Zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO NCs) hold great promise in nanomedicine with fascinating multifunctional properties. We investigated the therapeutic potential of sol-gel synthesized ZnO NCs with crystal sizes of 52.65 and 25.11 nm, focusing on their anticancer effects on HepG2 and HT29 cells, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity. Both samples displayed a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure, wherein the crystal sizes diminished with lower calcination temperatures according to X-ray diffraction. The scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that lowering the calcination temperature resulted in a decrease in the grain size of the ZnO NCs, as expected. This reduction in grain size combined with a decrease in crystal size resulted in a significant 40% reduction in the reflectance of the ZnO NCs in UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. It was also observed that the ZnO NCs calcined at higher temperatures exhibited larger particle sizes with a reduced surface area mean of 69.30 μm and a stable negative zeta potential of -11.2 mV. In contrast, the ZnO NCs calcined at lower temperatures exhibited a larger surface area mean of 34.56 μm and a positive zeta potential of +10 mV. In both cell lines, the cytotoxic potential was found to be higher in HepG2 cells. Specifically, when ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) with a crystal size of 52.65 nm were used, the lowest cell viability was observed at a concentration of 5.74 μg/mL. Based on oxidative stress index values, a lower crystal size of ZnO NCs displayed greater effectiveness in HT29 cells, while a higher crystal size of ZnO NCs had pronounced effects in HepG2 cells. Moreover, both ZnO NCs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Candida parapsilopsis fungus. These findings emphasize sol-gel ZnO NCs' potential as versatile agents in nanomedicine, spurring research on targeted cancer therapies and antimicrobial innovations.

Oxidative stress markers in breast cancer

Purpose: Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare serum Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) and Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) levels in breast cancer patients and healthy women and to determine whether there is a relationship between oxidative stress markers and breast cancer.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Newly diagnosed 106 breast cancer patients at the Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic and 30 healthy women were included in the study. Serum levels of IMA, TAS, TOS were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. &#x0D; Results: IMA, TOS and OSI values were found significantly higher in the breast cancer group. Although the TAS values in patients with breast cancer were lower than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. &#x0D; Conclusions: In our study, it was seen that oxidative stress levels increased in breast cancer patients due to decreased TAS, significantly increased IMA, TOS and OSI results. Therefore, we think that increased oxidative stress may be related to breast cancer and that IMA, TOS and OSI can be used as markers of oxidative stress to differentiate breast cancer patients from healthy women.&#x0D; Keywords: breast cancer, cancer, biomarkers, ischemia-modified albumin, oxidative stress

KEÇİBOYNUZUNUN (CERATONİA SİLİQUA L.) NİKOTİN BAZLI OKSİDATİF STRESE ETKİSİ

OBJECTIVE: In this study the antioxidant effect of carob plant, ıt's effects of nicotine-induced oxidative stress and the number of pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus in cornu ammonis (CA) were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study, 28 adult Wistar Albino male rats were used. Rats are divided into four groups as control group, carob group, nicotine group and nicotine + carob group. Nicotine was applied to the experimental group, and carob extract was applied to the treatment group as well as nicotine. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), total oxidant capacity (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAS) values were measured by spectrophotometric analysis on the lung, brain, kidney, heart and liver tissues. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and GSH / GSSG values, respectively, were calculated as TOS/TAS and GSH/GSSG rates. The number of pyramidal cells in the CA was estimated using the optical fractionator technique. RESULTS: It is seen that the TAS level in the kidney tissue of the nicotine group is significantly lower than the control and carob groups. In brain tissue, the TAS level of the nicotine group was significantly lower than that of other groups (p&amp;lt;0.001). The OSI value of the nicotine group was significantly higher in liver tissue compared to the control group (p&amp;lt;0.001). Nicotine exposure has been shown to cause a significant reduction in the number of pyramidal cells in CA. CONCLUSIONS: It is understood that Carob plant is an important phytomedical plant that has antioxidant properties against nicotine by increasing TAS level in oxidative stress formation.

Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) in Penile Corpora Cavernosa and Peripheral Blood of Peyronie's Disease Patients: A Report of 49 Cases.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the penile albuginea. Oxidative stress (OS) is important for the development of the disease; therefore, it seemed interesting to us to directly measure OS at both the site of the disease and in peripheral blood. For a precise OS study, it is necessary to evaluate not only the single results of the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) but also their ratio: OS index (OSI) (arbitrary unit) = TOS/TAS × 100. This study included 49 PD patients examined and diagnosed in our Peyronie's care center and a control group of 50 cases. We collected blood samples from both the penis and a vein in the upper extremity; we used d-ROMs and PAT-test (FRAS kit) for OS measurement. Pearson's study found a statistical correlation between penile OSI values and PD plaque volumes: p-value = 0.002. No correlation was found between systemic OSI values and PD plaque volumes: p-value = 0.27. Penile OSI values were significantly reduced after the elimination of the PD plaque (p < 0.00001). The mean value of the penile OSI indices in the PD patients after plaque elimination corresponded to 0.090 ± 0.016 (p = 0.004). The comparison between the penile OSI values of the PD patients (with plaque elimination) and the control group revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.130). The absence of a correlation between Peyronie's plaque volume and systemic OSI values indicates that it is preferable to carry out the OS study by taking a sample directly from the site of the disease. By carrying out a penile OSI study, it would be possible to obtain a precise plaque-volume-dependent oxidative marker. Even if the study did not demonstrate any correlation between OSI indices and anxious-depressive state, we detected a high prevalence of anxiety (81.6%) and depression (59.1%) in PD patients.

The effect of mother’s age on the neonatal cord serum’s oxidative stress index and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a case control study

BackgroundOne of the main challenges of many societies in reducing and ageing of the population is marriage at an advanced age in women and decrease of producing offspring due to the concern of increasing the probability of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The mother’s oxidative stress conditions during pregnancy affect mothers and their baby’s health. Aging is one of the increasing factors of oxidants in the body. Aim of this study is the compartion total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidants status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in three groups of mothers with different age ranges from 20 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 45 years old.Methods164 pregnant women were grouped according to age into three groups: 25 to 30 (group I), 30 to 35 (group II), and 35 to 45 years old (group III). The umbilical cord blood samples were taken to the assay TAC, TOS, and OSI (TOS/TAC). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to assess the normal distribution of countinus variables. The one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare anthropometric and biochemical factors between groups.ResultsTAC levels decreased non-significantly (438.2 ± 102; 431.7 ± 99.8; and 428.2 ± 100.26 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.99), TOS levels increased significantly (23.93 ± 11.7; 25.4 ± 12.3; and 28.2 ± 12.7 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.034), and OSI increased non-significantly with increasing maternal age (0.055 ± 0.044; 0.091 ± 0.031; 0.069 ± 0.005, for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.14). Increasing age did not significantly affects the maternal and infant birth outcomes.ConclutionThe results showed that the increasing the age of the mother up to 45 doesn’t have a significant effects on the value of OSI and the maternal and infant outcomes.

Biological Markers in Newly Diagnosed Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients: 8-OHdG, S100B and Oxidative Stress.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic disease persisting for at least 6 months, characterized by excessive and continuous anxiety, which leads to evident problems and functional disorders. S100B is a glial protein that plays a role in intercellular communication regulating cell growth and differentiation, and intracellular signal transmission. This study aimed to analyze the serum S100B, 8-OHdG, and oxidative stress levels of patients newly diagnosed with GAD who had not started treatment, to better understand the underlying neurobiological basis of the etiology of GAD. Forty-four patients diagnosed with GAD according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to determine the anxiety levels of the GAD patients. The serum S100B, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured in the patient and control groups. The 8-OHdG values of the GAD group were determined to be statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (p=0.028). No significant difference was determined between the GAD patients and the control group in respect of the TAS, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) values (p>0.05). The S100B levels of the GAD group were found to be higher than those of the control group. The results of this study showed that there could be DNA damage because of oxidative stress in GAD patients. There is a need for further studies to confirm the role of S100B protein in GAD etiology and pathogenesis.

THE AMELIORATING EFFECTS OF BILBERRY ON METHOTREXATE-INDUCED INTESTINAL INJURY

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid analogue chemotherapeutic used in the treatment of some malignant tumors and autoimmune diseases. In addition to its antitumoral properties, it can also exhibit toxic effects on the kidney and intestines. Bilberry (BB) fruit is a potent natural antioxidant rich in anthocyanidins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential ameliorating effects of BB against MTX-induced intestinal damage using biochemical and histological methods.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Twenty-one adult female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups. No procedure was performed on the control group (ControlG), while the MTX group (MTXG) and MTX+BB extract group (MTX+BBG) received a single intraperitoneal dose of 30 mg/kg MTX on the first day of the experiment. MTX+BBG also received 200 mg/kg BB extract by oral gavage once daily for five days starting on the first day of the experiment. Half the intestinal tissues removed from the duodenal region at the experiment were used for biochemical evaluation, and the other half for histological examination.&#x0D; Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8- OHdG) values were all higher in MTXG intestinal tissues than in ControlG. MDA, TOS, OSI, and 8-OHdG values were lower in MTX+BBG than in MTXG. In addition, caspase-3 levels in MTXG were higher than those in both ControlG and MTX+BBG, while total antioxidant status (TAS) values were lower. In terms of histology, villous hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, fusion, and degeneration in the villus epithelium were present in MTXG intestinal tissue, and the total damage score was also high. Improvement in all these parameters was present in MTX+BBG.&#x0D; Conclusion: Orally administered BB extract can improve MTX-induced intestinal damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Boric Acid Affects Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in ALL Cells.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia from early T-cell progenitors. Interest grows in creating less toxic agents and therapies for chemo-resistant T-ALL cancer. Recently, elemental boron has special properties useful in the creation of new drugs. Studies have revealed the cytotoxic properties of boric acid (BA) on cancer, but not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of BA on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the Jurkat cells. The effects of BA on cell viability were determined by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay for 24-48-72 h. The impact of BA on apoptosis was analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide. Expression of apoptosis regulatory genes (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3-8-9) and apoptotic miRNA (miR-21) was used by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) value were calculated for oxidative stress. We determined the cytotoxic activity of BA on Jurkat cells by using XTT and defined the IC50 concentration (802.7 μg/mL) of BA. The findings clearly show that BA inhibited Jurkat cell proliferation dose-dependently. BA induced apoptosis through downregulated anti-apoptotic genes, and upregulated pro-apoptotic genes. Additionally, we found that BA significantly reduced the expression of miR-21 (p<0.001). Our findings demonstrated that different doses of BA increased TAS levels while decreasing TOS levels in Jurkat cells. Our study suggests that BA might be potential anti-cancer agent candidate in ALL via inhibition of cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and reducing the amounts of anti-oxidants in cells.

Efficacy of metformin combined with liraglutide on the glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial function, and oxidative stress of patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome.

This study evaluates the impact of metformin combined with liraglutide on the glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and vascular endothelium of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Medical records of 78 patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome, admitted to Caoxian People's Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022, were retrospectively analysed. Thirty five patients were treated with metformin (control group), and 43 patients were treated with metformin combined with liraglutide (observation group). Indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism, function of vascular endothelium and the oxidative stress of both groups were compared before and after the treatment. There was a significant decrease in the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and waist circumference in both groups three months after the treatment, These indexes were significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were higher in the observation group (P<0.05). There was a significant improvement in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) after the treatment, and these indexes were markedly better in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Metformin combined with liraglutide treatment is associated with better outcomes than metformin alone in patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Combined treatment results in improved glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial function, and oxidative stress index values.

Anti-angiogenic and oxidative effects of sodium benzoate at different concentrations in chorioallantoic membrane model

&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; Due to the increased consumption of packaged foods, exposure to food additives is also increasing. Sodium benzoate (SB), a frequently used food additive, is generally used in alcoholic beverages, fruit, and vegetable juices, carbonated soft drinks, canned food, and various sauces. It is used to inhibit the formation of mold, yeast, and bacteria. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of SB exposure on angiogenesis and oxidant-antioxidant balance.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Materials &amp;amp; methods:&lt;/b&gt; Three different concentrations of SB, bevacizumab, and empty pellets were prepared, placed on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and examined for anti-angiogenesis. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) measurements were made in the albumen samples, and oxidative stress index (OSI) value was calculated.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The control group had no anti-angiogenic effect, but the bevacizumab group had a strong anti-angiogenic effect.10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; M SB had a weak anti-angiogenic effect, but 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; M SB and 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; M SB showed no anti-angiogenic effect. TOC levels increased with SB in a dose-dependent manner. TAC levels decreased depending on the dose in the experimental groups with SB application. OSI levels increased depending on the dose increase in SB.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; SB exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in oxidative stress and anti-angiogenic effect in CAM model.

Biochemical properties of Crataegus monogyna jacq. Fruit extract and effect on the A549 lung cancer cell line

Herbal products are some of the first substances that people resort to in terms of health, and every study conducted with plants makes a positive contribution to science. Our aim is to investigate the phenolic content, antimicrobial activity, some element levels, antioxidant and especially antitumor effects of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (hawthorn) fruit collected from the slopes of Mount Amanos. DPPH activity and phenolic contents were determined by spectrophotometric method. Diagnostic kits were used for total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values. The agar well diffusion method (AWD) for antimicrobial activity, ICP-MS device for element levels, and the MTT assay for antiproliferative activity were used. Antioxidant status were DPPH free radical scavenging activities (ethanol (EtOH): 54.74 %–74.90 %; methanol (MeOH): 48.60 %–66.86 %) and TAS: 5.691 ± 0.156, TOS: 21.090 ± 0.497, OSI: 0.372 ± 0.019 values. Total phenolic content (TPC) was 3.617 ± 0.099 mg GAE g−1. Quarcetin, catechin, caffeic acid, resveratrol, protocatechuic acid, phloridzin, ellagic acid, luteolin, syringic acid, naringenin, and fumaric acid were determined as phenolic content. Inhibition areas such as antimicrobial activity were observed in Salmonella paratyphi A, Staphylocuccus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis strains. Major Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn elements were detected. It was determined that the hawthorn fruit extract showed meaningful activity against the A549 lung cancer cell line. As a result, hawthorn fruit and extract can be used nutritionally and medicinally, but not used on microorganism treatment. Its antitumor property may also provide different approaches for clinical treatment.

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor (NRF2), Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and Total Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Patients with COVID-19

Introduction: Studies on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in COVID-19 patients are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some biomarkers of oxidant-antioxidant status with COVID-19 disease. Material and methods: The patients older than 18 years of age who tested positive for SARS CoV-2 PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with clinical symptoms and signs were included in this study. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total antioxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and HO-1 and Nrf2 levels were analyzed from serum samples taken before and after treatment. Results: In this study, 16 patients followed up with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. 9 (56.3%) of the patients were female and 7 (43.8%) were male. The mean age was 33.75 ± 17.03 years. All patients were symptomatic and were hospitalized to be followed up. It was determined that Nrf2 and HO-1 values increased significantly after treatment. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Nrf2 and TAS values and TAS increases significantly in parallel to an increase in Nrf2, and there was a significant but negative correlation between Nrf2 and TOS and OSI values, and thus an increase in Nrf2 led to a decrease in TOS and OSI values. There was a significant positive correlation between HO-1 and TAS, and TAS increased significantly, as HO-1 increased. Conclusions: The decrease in TOS and OSI and the increase in Nrf2 and HO-1 during the follow-up period in COVID-19 patients suggest that the body tries to prevent ROS-related oxidative stress via Nrf2 and HO-1 and that oxidative stress may have a key role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.

Changes in and the Relationships between Alpha-Klotho, Oxidative Stress, and Systemic Inflammation in Cigarette Smokers

ABSTRACT Background: Although smoking is known to accelerate aging, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been fully clarified. Serum-soluble α-Klotho (sαKl), antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and developing resistance to oxidative stress properties are known. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between cigarette smoking, saKl (antiaging hormone), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Participants included in the study were divided into smoking and nonsmoking groups. sαKl, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were assessed and compared in the study participants. Results: There were one hundred and forty-six study participants comprising 47 (32.2%) females and 99 (67.8%) males. There were 79 (54.1%) in the nonsmoking group and 67 (45.9%) in the smoking group. A significant difference was found between the groups in respect of TAS (P &lt; 0.001), OSI (P = 0.017), sαKl (P = 0.013), and hsCRP (P = 0.024) values. A significant negative correlation was found between the sαKl values of the smoking group and the years of smoking (r = -0.271, P = 0.038) and pack-years (r = -0.299, P = 0.021). Among the smoking group, a lower median sαKl value of &lt;3.84 pg/ml was significantly associated with years of smoking (P = 0.028) and pack-years (P = 0.012). Conclusions: This study found that sαKl, OSI, and hsCRP were elevated in those who smoke cigarette. Large prospective studies are needed to further elucidate this area of research.

Cytotoxic activity of TRPV4 antagonist RN-1734 in G-361 human melanoma cancer cell line

Purpose: Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a role in many cellular events, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, gene transcription, oxidative stress, the antioxidant system, and apoptosis. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are non-selective cation (Ca2+) channels. The present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic activity of RN-1734, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) antagonist, in the G361 human melanoma cancer cell line. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: The effects of RN-1734 on G361 cell viability at concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were determined using a ready-made commercial kit, after which oxidative stress index (OSI) values were calculated. To determine the apoptotic effects of RN-1734, Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 expression levels, caspase-3 and -8 activities were examined via quantitative real-time PCR analysis. &#x0D; Results: G361 cell viability significantly decreased to 82.72, 72.81, 56.36, 39.16 and 18.96% in RN-1734 groups (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μM) compared to the control group (100.00%). At IC50 concentration (39.48 μM), RN-1734 application (3.35 mmol/g prot.-TAS, 45.87 μmol/g prot.-TOS, and 1501.97 AU-OSI) increased the TAS level (2.17 mmol/g prot.) and decreased the TOS level (55.41 μmol/g prot.) and OSI value (3142.76 AU) compared to the control group. &#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings show that RN-1734 may be a novel therapeutic approach to treating melanoma by decreasing the cell viability of G361 human melanoma cancer cells.

Assessment of the preventive activity of Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae) against in vivo acute lung injury model

Acute lung injury is a crucial inflammation-induced lung complication. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, which has a more severe course and is characterized by diffuse infiltration, develops with the progression of acute lung injury. The incidence of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is high and are both associated with increased mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. The leaves (needles) of Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae) have been traditionally used against bronchitis and asthma. In addition, there are many Turkish folk medicine records regarding the use of its cones in respiratory system diseases such as cough, hoarseness, lung diseases, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, and pneumonia. The present study aims to comparatively investigate the in vivo biological activity of the needles and cones of P. brutia against Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and to evaluate its potential use. The extracts of P. brutia needles and cones were investigated in ALI model in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reference, and six treatment groups. ALI model was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) LPS (5 mg/kg) injection. One hour before LPS administration, needle and cone extracts of the P. brutia at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were given to the treatment groups. Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution (0.5%) was given to the sham control group and LPS group. Dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to the reference group. In the 4th hour after LPS administration, inflammatory cells were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the levels of interleukin (IL)− 6 and − 8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress index (OSI) values and peroxiredoxin (PRDX)− 1 gene expression in lung tissues were calculated by quantitative real time polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathological examination was performed by Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and Masson Trichrome (MT) staining methods. In addition, the amounts of the phenolic compounds were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Catechin hydrate and vanillic acid were determined to be higher; taxifolin was lesser in the cone extract than the needle extract. The best improvement in the macroscopic appearance of the lungs was observed in the cone extract (200 mg/kg) group compared to the other treatment groups. While the percentage of inflammatory cells in BALF was increased in the LPS group, these cells were in the lowest rate in the cone extract (200 mg/kg) group. Both needle and cone extracts decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The OSI values in the treatment groups decreased compared to the LPS group. PRDX-1 levels were the highest in the LPS group, but this level dropped in the treatment groups. The inflammation of the lung tissue in the LPS group was higher than in the other groups. The recovery of inflammation was similar to both needle and cone extracts of P. brutia. These data provide evidence that 200 mg/kg of the cone extract is a potential candidate for the prevention of ALI and warrants further preclinical evaluation.

Anti-angiogenic and oxidative effects of brilliant blue at different concentrations in chorioallantoic membrane model

&lt;b&gt;Introduction: &lt;/b&gt;Artificial food colorings are increasingly used to make the color and appearance of foods more attractive. One commonly used food dye is E133, international-coded brilliant blue (BB). According to the European Food Safety Authority panel results in 2010, it was determined that BB daily remained below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) value for adults and exceeded ADI value for children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BB on angiogenesis and oxidative stress in the chorioallantoic membrane model.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Materials &amp;amp; methods: &lt;/b&gt;In this investigation, fertilized chick eggs free of specific pathogens were used. The eggs that were not fully grown or fertilized were excluded. 50 embryos were distributed into five groups of 10 each. The negative control group was the control group, the positive control group was the bevacizumab group, and three different BB dosages (10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; M, 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; M, and 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; M) were identified. At the end of the experiment, anti-angiogenesis scoring, and total antioxidant-oxidant capacity were evaluated.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; According to the average score values, the control group had no anti-angiogenic impact, but the bevacizumab group had a strong anti-angiogenic effect (average score 1.1). Furthermore, the 10&lt;sup&gt;-4 &lt;/sup&gt;M BB group had a weak anti-angiogenic impact (average score of 0.7), while the 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; M and 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; M BB groups had no anti-angiogenic effect (average score of 0.4 and 0.2, respectively). As a result of one-way analysis of variance test, it was seen that BB significantly increased total oxidant capacity and oxidative stress index values in proportion to the increase in dose (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/b&gt;BB’s oxidant and anti-angiogenic effects indicate that high doses of processed foods containing artificial food dyes carry a risk for viable growth. Since there are not enough studies in the literature showing the oxidant or antiangiogenic effects of BB in chorioallantoic membrane model, the original data we presented in this study are pioneering.

Lercanidipine alleviates doxorubicin-induced lung injury by regulating PERK/CHOP and Bax/Bcl 2/Cyt c pathways.

Doxorubicin (DOX), which is used to treat various cancers and hematological malignancies, has limited therapeutic application due to its toxicity in tissues and organs. These toxic effects occur through alterations in intracellular calcium regulation, elevated cell stress and oxidative damage, and increased apoptosis. Lercanidipine (LRD) is a long-acting antihypertensive calcium channel blocker with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LRD on DOX-induced lung toxicity. Four groups (control, DOX, DOX + 0.5 LRD, and DOX + 2 LRD) totaling 32 rats were established. TNF-α levels in the lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. In determining oxidative stress, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidative stress (TOS) were determined using spectrophotometry, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) value was calculated. The mRNA relative expression levels of the genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR. It was determined that inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and pro-apoptotic gene levels were increased and anti-apoptotic gene levels were decreased in the lung tissues of the DOX-administered group. In addition, histopathological changes were significantly increased. Although it was not statistically significant, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were reduced, as were other histopathological indicators, in the group that received LRD (0.5mg/kg). Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were found to be statistically reduced and corroborated by histological findings in the group given LRD (2mg/kg). In conclusion, it was determined that LRD had an ameliorative effect on DOX-induced lung toxicity in an experimental animal model.

Protective effects of paraoxonase-1, vitamin E and selenium, and oxidative stress index on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in diabetic patients with/without coronary artery disease

BackgroundThe oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is closely associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between serum vitamin E and selenium, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values with the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification and the possibility of CAD in diabetic patients.MethodThis study was designed as a case control survey of 82 diabetes patients divided into two groups including T2DM alone (as group I) and both T2DM and CAD (as group II). Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), TAC, TOS, MDA, OSI, vitamin E, selenium, oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), and activity of PON1.ResultsOx-LDL, MDA, TOS, and OSI values in groups II were significantly higher compared with group I (all with P value = 0.000). TAC, vitamin E, selenium, and PON1 activity values were significantly lower in group II compared with groups I (P value = 0.000; P value = 0.000; P value = 0.007; P value = 0.003, respectively). There were significant relationships between the amounts of TAC, TOS, OSI, and vitamin E with the amounts of PON1 activity and Ox-LDL (p < 0.05). But Ox-LDL and PON1 activity correlated weakly with together (p = 0.094).ConclusionResults of this study support the belief that oxidative stress might be an important etiologic factor which makes some diabetics more susceptible to CAD. Increased oxidative stress may be a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and management of CAD in diabetic patients.