Oxidative Stress In MetS Research Articles

The effects of swimming exercise and detraining on hemorheological parameters and oxidative stress in rats with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundModerate-intensity aerobic exercise training with high frequency is recommended in metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate the effects of swimming and subsequent detraining on hemorheology and oxidative stress in MetS. Material and methodsA total of 80 rats were used. MetS was induced by a 4mg/g monosodium glutamate (MSG) injection to rats on days 0–10, every other day. Swimming exercise training was applied 30minutes, 3 days/week, with a 5% body weight load, for 18 weeks. Detraining was applied for 8 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability was measured with an ektacytometer, whole blood viscosity (WBV) by a cone-plate viscometer, total oxidant-antioxidant capacity (TOS-TAS) were measured by commercial kits. ResultsExercise resulted in an increment of HDL in rats with MetS, which was not reversed by detraining. Swimming decreased HOMA-IR score in MetS. Detraining caused an increase in WBV in healthy rats. The exercise applied resulted in an increase in TAS in both healthy and MetS rats. ConclusionWe suggest that swimming may be beneficial in MetS and may contribute positively to the prevention of the development of possible complications by increasing TAS. Since some of the gains of exercise training are reversed by detraining, lifetime exercise training may be recommended.

Assessing the Intervention Factors of Oxidative Stress Among Elderly with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Oxidative stress is a known pathogenesis in the development of chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hence, interventions should be taken to prevent or treat MetS. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to estimate the interventions of oxidative stress in MetS among elderly. Hindawi, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct were the databases used for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Furthermore, heterogeneity was observed using the I-squared (I2) statistic to determine the source of heterogeneity if the I2-value was >40%. After all the screening processes, 20 studies met the eligibility criteria and were analysed. Meta-analysis found that physical activity on MetS shows reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (MD = -0.24, 95% CI (-0.43, -0.04), P = 0.02) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level (MD = 22.92, 95% CI (10.77, 35.08), P<0.001). On the other hand, supplement intervention on MetS increased the GPx level (MD = 805.51, 95% CI (123.23, 1487.80), P = 0.02). Dietary changes on MetS may decrease the MDA level (MD = -0.78, 95% CI (-1.02, -0.54), P<0.001) however, it also increases the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level (MD = 0.16, 95% CI (0.88 to 0.24), P<0.001). Thus, this meta-analysis showed a positive effect of physical activity, supplementation and dietary intervention as a tool to decrease oxidative stress level in elderly with MetS.

The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress (OxS) is the cause and the consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the incidence and economic burden of which is increasing each year. OxS triggers the dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with metabolism and epigenetics, including microRNAs, which are biomarkers of metabolic disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between microRNAs and OxS in MetS and its components. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the most relevant studies. Collected data suggested that different sources of OxS (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, obesity, proinflammatory cytokines) change the expression of numerous microRNAs in organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and endothelium. Dysregulated microRNAs either directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or activity of molecules of antioxidative signaling pathways (SIRT1, FOXOs, Keap1/Nrf2) along with effector enzymes (e.g., GPx-1, SOD1/2, HO-1), ROS producers (e.g., NOX4/5), as well as genes of numerous signaling pathways connected with inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, thus promoting the progression of metabolic imbalance. MicroRNAs appear to be important epigenetic modifiers in managing the delicate redox balance, mediating either pro- or antioxidant biological impacts. Summarizing, microRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets in ameliorating the repercussions of OxS in MetS.

Oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome & its association with DNA-strand break.

Background & objectives:Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with numerous components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was aimed to investigate if hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the reactive oxygen species was capable of depicting OS in MetS, and If MetS patients showed DNA damage in the form of DNA strand breaks (DSB).Methods:A total of 160 participants (90 males, 70 females) ≥20 yr of age were categorized into four groups based on the number of MetS risk parameters (n=40 in each group). Sugar and lipid profile, H2O2 concentration in blood and DNA-strand breaks were measured.Results:DSB was significantly more in those with MetS (n=40) than those without (n=120) whereas H2O2 levels were the same in both the study groups. The number of DSB differed significantly between the control and 3 risk factor groups. DSB was also higher in groups with 2 and 1 risk factors compared to 0 risk but the difference was not significant. H2O2 level was higher in groups with 3, 2 and 1 risk factors compared to 0 risk group but the difference was not significant. The H2O2 level correlated positively with triglyceride values but not with other MetS risk parameters. There was no significant correlation between DSB and MetS risk parameters.Interpretation & conclusions:Our findings showed a cumulative and synergistic effect of the risk factors of MetS on DSB. Individuals with three risk parameters had a greater effect on DNA damage than in those with two or one risk parameter. Although plasma H2O2 level increased with an increase in the fat depots, use of H2O2 to depict OS in MetS should be coupled with an adjunct and estimation of DSB in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be used as indicator of OS in MetS patients.

Association of altered hemorheology with oxidative stress and inflammation in metabolic syndrome

ObjectiveWe have shown increased whole blood viscosity (WBV), decreased erythrocyte deformability, and increased erythrocyte aggregation in metabolic syndrome (MetS) in our previous study. The objective of the study was to find out if the altered hemorheology shown in MetS in our previous study is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the same subjects.MethodsOne hundred recruited participants were classified into three groups based on the number of the MetS components present following National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III definitions. WBV, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte deformability, oxidative stress markers (erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and urinary isoprostanes), inflammatory markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and thrombotic marker D-dimer were measured. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 20 software.ResultsWe found a significant association of altered hemorheology with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in MetS. There was a linear increase in the level of hsCRP and a linear decrease in the level of SOD and GSH across the quartiles of erythrocyte aggregation. Similarly, the thrombotic marker D-dimer showed a linear increase and oxidative stress marker GSH showed a linear decrease trend across the quartiles of WBV.DiscussionAlterations of hemorheology in MetS are probably due to the effect of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The negative effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on the cardiovascular system could be due to the resulting altered hemorheology.

Oxidative stress is associated with the number of components of metabolic syndrome: LIPGENE study

Previous evidence supports the important role that oxidative stress (OxS) plays in metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related manifestations. We determined the relationship between the number of MetS components and the degree of OxS in MetS patients. In this comparative cross-sectional study from the LIPGENE cohort, a total of 91 MetS patients (43 men and 48 women; aged between 45 and 68 years) were divided into four groups based on the number of MetS components: subjects with 2, 3, 4 and 5 MetS components (n=20, 31, 28 and 12, respectively). We measured ischemic reactive hyperemia (IRH), plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), total nitrite, lipid peroxidation products (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plasma activities. sVCAM-1, H2O2 and LPO levels were lower in subjects with 2 or 3 MetS components than subjects with 4 or 5 MetS components. IRH and total nitrite levels were higher in subjects with 2 or 3 MetS components than subjects with 4 or 5 MetS components. SOD and GPx activities were lower in subjects with 2 MetS components than subjects with 4 or 5 MetS components. Waist circumference, weight, age, homeostatic model assessment-β, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein and sVCAM-1 levels were significantly correlated with SOD activity. MetS subjects with more MetS components may have a higher OxS level. Furthermore, association between SOD activity and MetS components may indicate that this variable could be the most relevant OxS biomarker in patients suffering from MetS and could be used as a predictive tool to determine the degree of the underlying OxS in MetS.

Altered Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: In the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), an increase of oxidative stress could play an important role which is closely linked with insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. The aim of our study was to assess several parameters of the antioxidant status in MetS. Methods: 40 subjects with MetS and 40 age- and sex-matched volunteers without MetS were examined for activities of superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase1 (PON1), concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), and conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein (CD-LDL). Results: Subjects with MetS had higher activities of CuZnSOD (p < 0.05) and GR (p < 0.001), higher concentrations of CD-LDL (p < 0.001), lower activities of CAT (p < 0.05) and PON1 (p < 0.05), and lower concentrations of GSH (p < 0.05), as compared with controls. Activity of GPX1 was not significantly changed. Conclusions: Our results implicated an increased oxidative stress in MetS and a decreased antioxidative defense that correlated with some laboratory (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) and clinical (waist circumference, blood pressure) components of MetS.

The relationship between paraoxonase-1 activity and coronary artery disease in patients with metabolic syndrome

We investigated the correlation of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity with coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study included 21 patients (mean age 55 ± 9 years) with MetS, stable angina pectoris, and angiographically shown CAD, 24 patients (mean age 51 ± 10 years) with MetS and angiographically normal coroner arteries, and 28 healthy controls (mean age 49 ± 12 years). Demographic and clinical characteristics, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and PON-1 activity were assessed in all the groups. Severity of CAD was assessed using the Gensini score. Paraoxonase-1 activity was significantly lower in patients with MetS compared to the control group (p=0.02). The two MetS groups with and without CAD exhibited similar characteristics in all the parameters including PON-1 activity (p>0.05). Univariate correlation analysis performed in MetS-CAD patients showed a significant negative correlation between the Gensini score and PON-1 activity (r=-0.48, p=0.02). The overall PON-1 activity of all the subjects showed no correlation with the parameters examined. Decreased PON-1 activity in patients with MetS compared to the control group suggests increased oxidative stress in MetS. Detection of similar PON-1 activity levels in MetS groups with and without CAD suggests that disturbance of oxidative-antioxidative balance occurs before the development of CAD. The negative correlation between the Gensini score and PON-1 activity implies that decreased PON-1 activity may be one of the etiologic causes of atherosclerotic progress in MetS.