Oxidative Stress In Albino Rats Research Articles

Grape Seed Extract Enhances Antioxidant Capacity and Attenuates the Ochratoxin A-Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats

Grape Seed Extract Enhances Antioxidant Capacity and Attenuates the Ochratoxin A-Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats

Hepatoprotective effect of Cassia auriculata extract against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats

Aim: To investigate the potential hepato-protective effect of Cassia auriculata leaf extract against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in albino rats, by exploring the antioxidant properties of Cassia auriculata and its ability to mitigate oxidative damage caused by ethanol consumption, and the underlying mechanisms involved. Methodology: In the present study, Group – I served as Control, Group – II (Ethanol induced group), where 50% ethanol was orally administered to the rats, Group – III (treatment group), where 250 mg kg-1 of Cassia auriculata leaf extract was orally administered to the hepato-toxic albino rats and in Group – IV, rats were treated with standard reference drug Silymarin (100 mg kg-1) followed by estimating the parameters related to oxidative stress such as TBARS and antioxidants enzyme levels such as GST, GPx, SOD and CAT in the blood and liver tissue samples. Phytochemical analysis of Cassia auriculata leaf powder was conducted to determine the active phytoconstituents. Results: Treatment with Cassia auriculata extract significantly (p<0.001) reduced the damage caused by oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of TBARS and significantly (p<0.001) elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as GST, GPx, SOD and CAT in the serum and liver samples. Interpretation: The present study provides an opportunity to explore the potential therapeutic properties of Cassia auriculata in combating ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Key words: Albino rats, Cassia auriculata, Ethanol, Oxidative stress

Antioxidants-rich Nutraceutical Ameliorates Lead-induced Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats

Treatment of lead toxicity is usually through aggressive approach such as chelation and bowel irrigation and these therapies are used just to promote body metal excretion and are considered less effective due multiple limitations and side effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the protective and curative potentials of formulated antioxidant-rich nutraceutcals against lead-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. A total of Fifty (50) albino rats of both sexes weighing 200–220 g were equally and randomly divided into two (2) groups (A and B models) of twenty five rats each. The group A was designed to study the protective effect of formulated nutraceutical against lead-induce oxidative stress. While group B was to evaluate the curative effect of same formulated nutraceutical in rats after lead intoxication. The rats in each of the models were randomly divided into five groups. Thirty (20) rats of lead treated groups were administered with different concentration of antioxidant-rich nutraceutical in both models. While 10 rats were treated with standard drug. Our findings reveals that oral administration of antioxidant- rich supplement in lead-intoxicated rats (in both models) significantly reduced blood lead levels, increased the activity of antioxidants enzymes and glutathione levels. Similarly, the levels of antioxidant minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu and Se) and vitamins (A, C and E) were boosted significantly. Concurrently, significant decreased levels of malondialdehyde were observed after administration of the antioxidant-rich supplement, hence, lowering lead-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, oral administration of antioxidant-rich supplement may invariably use as protective and as well as curative regimen to curtail lead-induced oxidative stress.

The Protective Effect of N-acetyl Cysteine on Mitochondrial Copy Number of Salivary Glands after Induction of Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats

The Protective Effect of N-acetyl Cysteine on Mitochondrial Copy Number of Salivary Glands after Induction of Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats

Alterations in Biochemical Markers of Liver and Kidney Function and Oxidative Stress Indices on Sub-acute Exposure of Enrofloxacin in Albino Rats

Background: The present study was performed to evaluate Alterations in biochemical markers of liver and kidney function and oxidative stress indices on sub-acute exposure of enrofloxacin in albino rats. Methods: Albino rat weighing 200-300 gm were treated with enrofloxacin orally with the help of gavage needle and devided into three groups each group consist six rats. The rats of group I were served as control. However, rats of group II and III were treated with enrofloxacin @ 5 mg/kg b.wt., enrofloxacin @ 10 mg/kg b.wt. respectively. All the groups received medication orally, once daily for 28 days and blood samples were collected on the 28 day of experiment by the help of capillary tube and processed by laboratory methods. Result: Enrofloxacin altered the functions of liver and kidney as indicated by the alteration in the biochemical markers of liver and kidney function. Enrofloxacin significantly enhanced the concentration of biochemical markers of liver function viz. ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, albumin and bilirubin as compared to control. The concentration of biochemical markers of kidney function viz. BUN and creatinine was significantly enhanced after enrofloxacin administration as compared to control. Enrofloxacin administration induced oxidative stress in rats as indicated by significant decrease in concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in blood as compared to control. However, lipid peroxidation was significantly enhanced as indicated by increased level of MDA in blood as compared to controlConclusion: Thus, enrofloxacin have ability to altered the biochemical markers of liver and kidney and also have potency to induced oxidative stress in albino rats after the sub-acute exposure for 28 days.

Assessment of Ovarian Integrity, Reproductive Hormones, and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats Exposed to Tartrazine Azo Dye

Aim: To assess the effect of tartrazine at ADI doses on ovarian integrity (the weight and histology of the ovary), reproductive fertility hormones (luteinizing hormones (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL)) and oxidative stress markers (glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) over a period of 30 and 60 days in albino rats.
 Study Design: A total of 63 female rats weighing approximately 0.2kg were divided into two phases. In phase 1 (30 days treatment period), the rats were divided into 2 groups - designated tartrazine treated group (TTG1) consisting of 20 rats and control untreated group (CUG1) consisting of 15 rats. In phase 2 (60 days treatment period), the rats were again divided into 2 groups – tartrazine treated group (TTG2) consisting of 16 rats and control untreated group (CUG2) consisting of 12 rats. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 7.5mg/kg of the dye was administered orally while the control groups were given food and water only.
 Methodology: At the end of the study, the animals were anaesthetized and 5 mL of whole blood samples was collected by means of cardiac puncture into plain bottles, later spun at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain serum. The laboratory analysis of LH, FSH and PRL as well as GPX and SOD activity were based on Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique using rat-specific kits. Ovarian tissues collected were weighed using electronic balance, washed in normal saline, fixed in 10% formalin saline, embedded in paraffin wax, 5μm thick sections were obtained by rotary microtome, stained using Haematoxylin & Eosin and examined using digital Olympus microscopic.
 Results: Non-significant higher values in the absolute weight of the ovary (WOV), FSH, LH, and PRL while non-significant lower values in GPX and SOD were observed in the treated rats against control rats over a period of 30 and 60 days at P=.05. The histological examination over a period of 30 days did not indicate any alteration but hydropic dilation and structural alterations were seen after 60 days.
 Conclusion: The administration of ADI doses of tartrazine over a period of 60 days affected the integrity of the ovary mildly as observed in the histology but did not markly reflect on the biochemical markers in the plasma as well as the weight of the ovary.

Effect of ethanol extract of Telfairia occidentalis leaf on some biochemical parameters of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine induced oxidative stress in albino rats

Abstract In this study, we attempt to verify the claim that the leaf-extract of Telfairia occidentalis can remedy oxidative damage condition as well as assess its phytochemical content. Fifteen male albino rats weighing 180 g to 240 g were randomly divided into three groups of five rats each. Group A was designated the control group while group B and C were both induced with 40 mg/kg body weight 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine. Group C was subsequently treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of T. occidentalis leaf for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and serum of the samples were subjected to relevant tests. Result shows that the plant leaf contained saponin, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols whereas, terpenes, steroids and anthraquinones were not detected. The serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated from 17.43 u/L and 28.40 u/L to 21.60 u/L and 34.27 u/L respectively. These were significantly lowered in the group C to 18.37 u/L and 29.23 u/L respectively for ALT and ALP. Also, a significant lowering of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the treated group (54.33 u/mg) from 79.40 u/mg recorded in the intoxicated group. Similarly, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde was observed in the treated group (25.80 u/mg) relative to the intoxicated group (35.87 u/mg). Moreover, catalase activity in the treated group (7.43 u/mg) was significantly lower compared with the intoxicated group. Our observation confirmed that ethanolic leaf extract of T. occidentalis reversed the oxidative damage condition in albino rats. The result confirms the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the management of oxidative stress related diseases.

Hepatoprotective action of papain-hydrolyzed buffalo milk protein on carbon tetrachloride oxidative stressed albino rats

Buffalo skim milk retentate was hydrolyzed with papain for 4 h (enzyme:substrate, 1:200), resulting in a retentate hydrolysate (RH) with a degree of hydrolysis of 23%. We then investigated the potential hepatoprotective activity of RH at 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight per day on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Liver biomarkers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase), kidney biomarkers (urea, creatinine), and serum lipid profile (total lipids and triglycerides) were measured, in addition to histopathological status. Injection of CCl4 significantly increased all liver and kidney biomarkers compared with the negative control. In contrast, CCl4 injection significantly reduced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities; that is, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Oral administration of RH for 28 d effectively maintained a physiologically normal range of liver and kidney biomarkers compared with the positive control. Furthermore, RH administration significantly increased activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Histopathological sections of CCl4-stressed rats treated with RH were different from that of the positive control and were similar to those of the negative control, in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated the antihepatotoxic activities of buffalo milk RH and demonstrated that the higher RH concentration (500 mg/kg of body weight per day) could maintain the healthy biological status of the CCl4-injected rats.

Effect of Datura stramonium on Cyclophosphamide-induced Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats: Study on Kidney Markers

Effect of Datura stramonium on Cyclophosphamide-induced Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats: Study on Kidney Markers

Effect of Combination Therapy of Garcinia kola Seed and Vitamin E in Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats

Acetaminophen, used for antipyretic and analgesic purposes has been known to exhibit toxic effects on the organs because of its ability to generate free radicals, causing varieties of diseases. This study investigated the impact of the combined formed of Garcinia kola seed and Vitamin E pretreatment exposure on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen in Albino Rats. Five groups of animals were used for this study. Group 1 as the control received distilled water orally only, group 2 as toxicity control intoxicated with 800 mg acetaminophen intraperitoneally. The other three groups were pretreated with various doses of either Garcinia kola seed extract or vitamin E or a combined form respectively by oral gavage method for 7 days before induction with acetaminophen intraperitoneally on the 8th day and sacrificed under chloroform anaethesia. Acetaminophen induction significantly rise (p<0.05) the hepatic enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP) and a marked reduction of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX) in group 2 animals when compared with the control. There was also a significant rise (p<0.05) in the MDA levels. Meanwhile the combined form of Garcinia kola seed extract and Vitamin E pretreatment exposure on the organs showed no synergetic ameliorative potentials as compared with the single pretreatment exposure with Garcinia kola and Vitamin E respectively. The morphology of the tissue cells pretreated with these combined formed exhibited features showing signs of cell damages and slow recovery from the toxicity. Therefore combining Garcinia kola and Vitamin E may lost its ameliorative and protective effect as seen in this induced acetaminophen albino rats implying that Garcinia kola seed and Vitamin E should not be taken in a combined form.

In‐vivo evaluation of ethanolic seed extract of Walnut (Tetracarpidium Conophorum) on N‐acetyl‐ 1,4‐benzoquinone imine‐induced oxidative stress in albino rats

This study evaluated the liver integrity and antioxidant effects of ethanolic seed extract of Walnut (Tetracarpidium Conophorum) on paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity via its reactive intermediate metabolite N‐acetyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) in albino rats. PCM is an over the counter drug and commonly abused. Overdose of NAPQI causes oxidative stress to the liver and other tissues as the endogenous enzymes will not be able to handle the toxicity. Tetracarpidium conophorum (TC) nutritionally contains a lot of vitamins C and E. The rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. (Gp1: n‐saline, Gp2: PCM alone, Gp3: PCM + 250mg/kg Extr., Gp4: PCM +500mg/kg Extr. and Gp5: PCM + 750mg/kg Extr.) All the animals were starved for 24hrs before the administration of PCM to groups 2 – 5. After 48hrs, Gps 3 – 5 were given 250, 500 and 750mg/kg of TC extract respectively for 7 days and then the animals were sacrificed. The levels of the transaminase enzymes were used to assess the intergrity of the liver. The antioxidant status in the liver was determined by measuring the activity of Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). The oral treatment of rats with different doses of the extract showed significant (P≤ 0.05) hepatoprotective activity against NAPQI induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the activities of transaminases (U/L) (ALT from 53.00 ± 2.10 – 31.40 ± 1.33, AST from 127.20 ± 1.16 – 106.00 ± 2.21, ALP 67.80 ± 0.86 – 57.60 ± 0.93), Total Cholesterol from 87.40 ± 0.61 – 67.68 ± 1.27, Total Bilirubin (g/dl) from 1.50 ± 0.05 – 1.24 ± 0.08 and significantly (P≤ 0.05) increasing the liver homogenate (U/L) of GSH from 28.80 ± 0.73 – 35.80 ±.86, CAT from 17.80 ± 0.28 – 18.5 ± 0.16 and SOD from 15.80 ± 0.37 – 19.60 ± 0.68 activities compared with the negative control. These findings showed that the walnut seed may have cytoprotective and antioxidant properties.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Effects of Cadmium on Kidney Functions and Oxidative Stress In Albino Rats

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is widespread used in industry and extensively disseminated in the environment. As a result of the extensive use of cadmium (Cd) in industry and its extensive dissemination in the environment, numerous studies have focused on the identification of the early stages of Cd-induced renal injury in exposed persons. Following long-term low-level exposure, nearly one-third of the cadmium in the body will be found in the renal tissue. So, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the disturbed renal functions induced by cadmium exposure and its underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods:Twenty male rats were divided into two main groups, ten rats per each group. Group 1 (n=10) was the Cd group in which rats were treated for 13 days with a daily dose of 1 mg CdCl2/kg body weight in sterile 0.9 % NaCl solution subcutaneously. Group2 (n=10) was the vehicle control, they received equivalent volumes of sterile 0.9 % NaCl solution by subcutaneous injections.Results:cadmium administration led to a decrease in serum sodium and potassium level and increase their level in urine. It led to a significant decrease in creatinine clearance and a significant increase in the oxidative stress biomarker tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as, and a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, cadmium led to a significant decrease in glucose uptake by kidney (mg/gm wet tissue/h.) Conclusion: Cd has detrimental effects on kidney functions and renal handling of glucose and this effect is referred to its oxidative stress effect.

The Hepatoprotective Effect of Gallic Acid on Mercuric Chloride-Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Background: Mercury has a variety of industrial applications and is well-known for its hematotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, and genotoxic effects. Objectives: This study was carried out to assess the protective effects of gallic acid against mercuric chloride-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Methods: A total of 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (7 rats per group). Groups 1 and 2 were used as the negative and positive controls, respectively and received normal saline (2 mL/kg/day, po) and mercuric chloride (0.4 mg/kg/day, po) for 28 days. Group 3 only received gallic acid (200 mg/kg/day, po) for 28 days, whereas groups 4 and 5 received gallic acid (50 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively) after 1 hour, followed by mercuric chloride (0.4 mg/kg/day, po) for 28 days. Results: The results demonstrated that treatment with gallic acid significantly diminished the mercuric chloride-induced increase in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipid peroxidation in liver tissues. In addition, gallic acid treatment increased the level of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity and lowered the glutathione level in liver tissues, compared to the mercuric chloride group. The liver of rats, treated with mercuric chloride, showed degenerated cells (with mild cytoplasmic vacuolation and blebbing), binucleated cells, and significant sinusoidal dilation. Conclusions: It can be concluded that gallic acid restores the activities of antioxidant enzymes and tissue markers in mercuric chloride-treated rats, probably by scavenging free radicals and improving the antioxidant defense mechanisms. © 2017.

Protective effect of fennel oil on cyclophosphamide inhibited spermatogenesis and induced oxidative stress in albino rats

Protective effect of fennel oil on cyclophosphamide inhibited spermatogenesis and induced oxidative stress in albino rats

Impact of ginger aqueous extract on carbimazole induced testicular degenerative alterations and oxidative stress in albino rats

Impact of ginger aqueous extract on carbimazole induced testicular degenerative alterations and oxidative stress in albino rats

Sub Acute Effect of Pirimiphos Methyl (Actellic 2% Dust) On Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats

The subacute effect of Pirimiphos Methyl on oxidative stress in albino rats was evaluated after two weeks of treatment in albino rats. This is an organophosphate insecticide (OPIs) used in the preservation of grains in Nigeria. Occupational exposure is associated with acute intoxication. Populations can be exposed through food and water. (OPIs) may induce oxidative stress leading to generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and alteration in antioxidant system The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each, group 1 serving as the control (n‐saline), group 2(10mg/kg per os Actellic 2% dust), groups 3 and 4 given 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg per os of the test sample respectively. The antioxidant status of the stress enzymes Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase(GPx) were evaluated. The results showed a dose dependent decrease in GSH, CAT and GPx levels while the SOD showed a dose dependent increase in activity level when compared with the control. The 20 and 40mg/kg of Pirimiphos methyl were statistically significant (P≤0.05) with the control in the activity levels of GSH and GPx. It may be concluded that in vivo oral administration of Pirimiphos methyl altered the antioxidant enzyme activity or defense system of the gastro intestinal tract in albino rats suggesting that ROS may be involved in its sub acute toxicity.

Ameliorative effects of vitamins C and E on tenofovir/nevirapine-induced hepatorenal oxidative stress in albino rats

Background and Objectives : Oxidative stress has been implicated in xenobiotic-induced hepatorenal toxicity. This research was designed to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E on the baseline and tenofovir/nevirapine-induced liver and kidney levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in male albino rats. Materials and Methods : Forty five male albino rats were used for this study. The rats were divided into groups A – I of 5 rats each. Group A (placebo control) and group B (solvent control) were orally treated with water and arachis oil respectively. Groups C – F were orally treated with vitamins C, E, vitamins C and E, and tenofovir/nevirapine respectively. Groups G– I were pretreated with vitamins C, E and vitamins C and E prior to treatment with tenofovir/nevirapine respectively. Rats were sacrificed after treatment for 30 days; liver and kidneys were collected and evaluated for the above parameters. Results : Significant ( p <0.05) increases in the baseline levels of liver and kidney SOD, GSH, and CAT with decreases in MDA levels were obtained in vitamins C and E treated rats when compared to control. On the contrary, treatment with tenofovir/nevirapine significantly ( p <0.05) decreased liver and kidney SOD, GSH, and CAT levels with increases in MDA levels when compared to control. However, all tenofovir/nevirapine -induced alterations were abrogated in rats pretreated vitamins C and E. Abrogation was most pronounced in rats pretreated with combined doses of vitamins C and E. Conclusion : Observations in the present study could be attributed to the inhibitory effects of vitamins C and E on the oxidative activity of tenofovir/nevirapine in the liver and kidney of treated rats.

Effect of morin-5′-sulfonic acid sodium salt on the expression of apoptosis related proteins caspase 3, Bax and Bcl 2 due to the mercury induced oxidative stress in albino rats

Many environmental contaminants have been reported to disturb the pro-oxidant or antioxidant balance of the cells by inducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress mediated by the HgCl2 induces DNA, protein and lipid oxidation resulted in necrosis or apoptosis, or both. Currently flavonoids are being emerging topic and reported to have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti- tumor and antioxidant activities. Morin is one of the flavonoid protects the cells from oxygen free radical damage and scavenges the free radicals and metals and also heals the injured cells commercially. Morin hydrate is sparingly soluble in water. Hence, the water soluble morin -5′- sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMSA) was selected and synthesized. Aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of morin-5′-sulfonic acid sodium salt on the expression of apoptosis related proteins caspase 3, Bax and Bcl 2 due to the mercury induced oxidative stress in albino rats.. The experimental rats were exposed to sub lethal concentration of mercuric chloride (1.25mg/kg) and the ameliorating effect of NaMSA was studied by using apoptotic protein markers Bax and caspase-3 and Bcl-2. The obtained results were analyzed using one way analysis of variance by the Duncan’s Multiple comparison test to determine the level of significance (p) and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Administration of mercuric chloride (1.25mg/kg) in the experimental rats increased the expression of Bax and caspase-3 and a decreased expression was noted in the Bcl-2 level compared with control bands significantly (p<0.05). On the other hand NaMSA (50mg/kg) and HgCl2 (1.25mg/kg) simultaneous administration did not bring any change in the protein expression of Bax, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 levels compared with control rats. Hence, the membrane damage was protected, stopped the cell death and apoptosis. This could be due to the morin-5′-sulfonic acid sodium salt effective chelation action on the HgCl2 generated free radicals.

Gallic acid attenuates chromium-induced thyroid dysfunction by modulating antioxidant status and inflammatory cytokines.

Hexavalent chromium-mediated oxidative stress causes severe organ damage. The present study was designed to investigate the possible thyroprotective effect and underlying mechanisms of gallic acid using rat model of potassium dichromate-induced thyroid dysfunction. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control, gallic acid (20mg GA/kg b. wt), potassium dichromate (2mg PD/kg b. wt) and the fourth group was co-treated with PD and GA. PD-injection resulted in decreased serum free triiodothyonine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) with concomitant significant increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and their respective mRNA expression and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were significantly decreased. Thyroid nitrosative stress marker (NO level and iNOS mRNA and protein expression) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (serum TNF-α, IL-6 and thyroid TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2 gene and protein expression levels) were disturbed. Histopathological changes revealed distended, collapsed and degenerated follicles with vacuolated cytoplasm. GA co-treatment attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines, the thyroid expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2, decreased the elevated lipid peroxidation biomarkers and NO level and up- regulated SOD and GST mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, GA has shown strong modulatory potential against PD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in albino rats.

Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Lepidium sativum seed powder in albino rats treated with 5-fluorouracil

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of solid tumors. Cardiotoxicity is a major complication of 5-FU therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible cardioprotective potency of Lepidium sativum seed powder (LS) against 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress in albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups. Rats in the control group received saline daily for 8 days only. Rats in FU-treated group received saline orally for 8 days, then I.P. injected with 5-FU (150 mg\\kg B.W) on the 5th day. Rats in LS-treated group were orally dosed with LS (550 mg\\kg B.W\\day) for 8 days, and on the 5th day rats were administrated with the same previous dose of 5-FU. 5-FU induced cardiotoxicity was assessed by a significant increase in serum concentrations of cTnI, CK-MB, lipid profile and a moderate elevation of cardiac MDA. 5-FU significantly decreased serum HDL-c and GSH concentration in cardiac homogenate. Its administration also resulted in the release of some inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). All 5-FU altered parameters were markedly ameliorated by LS pre-co-post-treatment. Results of the present study suggest that LS has a significant effect on the protection of the heart against 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity through maintaining the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.