Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Rats Research Articles

Rosinidin Protects against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Subsiding Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Rats.

Background: Rosinidin is a flavonoid anthocyanin pigmentation found in shrub flowers such as Catharanthus roseus and Primula rosea. The molecular docking studies predicted that rosinidin has adequate structural competency, making it a viable medicinal candidate for the treatment of a wide range of disorders. The current study intends to assess rosinidin nephroprotective efficacy against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Materials and Methods: Oral acute toxicity tests of rosinidin were conducted to assess potential toxicity in animals, and it was shown to be safe. The nephroprotective effect of rosinidin 10, and 20 mg/kg were tested in rats for 25 days with concurrent administration of cisplatin. Several biochemical parameters were measured to support enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH). Likewise, changes in several non-protein-nitrogenous components and blood chemistry parameters were made to support the theory linked with the pathogenesis of chemical-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: Cisplatin caused significant changes in biochemical, enzymatic, and blood chemistry, which rosinidin efficiently controlled. Conclusions: The present investigation linked rosinidin with nephroprotective efficacy in experimental models.

The interactive effect of berberine chloride and exercise rehabilitation on the lung tissue apoptosis and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats exposed to diazinon

The interactive effect of berberine chloride and exercise rehabilitation on the lung tissue apoptosis and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats exposed to diazinon

Photoperiod-induced alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats of different ages and individual physiological reactivity

This study was undertaken to investigate the photoperiod- and age-related variability between the activity of oxidative stress biomarkers in rats with different physiological reactivity estimated by different resistance to hypoxia. The study was carried out on 96 male Wistar rats divided into 16 groups based on resistance to hypoxia (LR, low resistance, HR, high resistance) and age, i.e. 6 and 21 months. The studies were conducted at four photoperiod points: winter (January), spring (March), summer (July), and autumn (October). Lower levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (P<0.05) were observed in the younger rats when compared to older rats, as well as in HR rats compared to LR rats. The levels of lipid peroxidation end product, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as the major indicator of oxidative stress, were found to increase with age, and summer resulted in further elevation compared to other seasons. Also, oxidative stress biomarkers were lower (P<0.05) in winter than in other seasons, especially in the HR rats. TAC level in the hepatic tissue of the 6 months aged rats was significantly higher (P<0.05) elevated when compared to older rats. A similar higher TAC level was in the hepatic tissue of HR rats compared to the LR rats. The adult rats with HR maintained TAC with minimal fluctuations throughout the year. It should be noted that the difference in TAC was higher for the groups of the adult animals with HR in winter, spring, and summer, which may indicate effective mechanisms preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species and systems of elimination thereof.

Co‑expression of tissue kallikrein1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase1 improves myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting oxidative stress.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious complication of reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction. At present, there is not an effective treatment strategy available for myocardial I/R. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of human tissue kallikrein 1 (hTK1) and human tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (hTIMP1) gene co-expression on myocardial I/R injury. A rat model of myocardial I/R injury and a cell model with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) were established, and treated with adenovirus (Ad)-hTK1/hTIMP1. Following which, histological and triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride staining assays were performed. Cardiac function was tested by echocardiographic measurement. The serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in rats and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in CMVECs were measured. Additionally, experiments, including immunostaining, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, and MTT, wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assays were also performed. The results of the present study demonstrated that Ad-hTK1/hTIMP1 alleviated myocardial injury and improved cardiac function in myocardial I/R model rats. Ad-hTK1/hTIMP1 also significantly enhanced microvessel formation, decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression, and reduced oxidative stress in myocardial I/R model rats. Furthermore, Ad-hTK1/hTIMP1 significantly enhanced proliferation, migration and tube formation in H/R-treated CMVECs. Additionally, Ad-hTK1/hTIMP1 significantly decreased intracellular ROS production and γ-H2A.X variant histone expression levels in H/R-treated CMVECs. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that co-expression of hTK1 and hTIMP1 genes displayed significant protective effects on myocardial I/R injury by promoting angiogenesis and suppressing oxidative stress; therefore, co-expression of hTK1 and hTIMP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for myocardial I/R injury.

Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Rats' Kidney, Lung, and Serum.

Background:The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of CONPs on the OS status in kidney, lung, and serum of rats. Methods:Male Wistar Rats were treated intraperitoneally with 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day of CONPs. The biochemical parameters, including TAC, TTG, MDA, SOD, and CAT were assayed in serum, kidney, and lung tissues. Results:MDA decreased, but TTG and CAT increased in serum by the administration of CONPs at 15 mg/kg. In kidney homogenate obtained from the group treated with CONPs at 15 mg/kg, TAC, TTG, and CAT significantly increased compared to the control group. However, CONPs at 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg significantly decreased MDA level compared to the control group. In lung tissue, CONPs in doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg significantly decreased CAT activity, TTG and TAC compared to the control group, while in kidney tissue, CONPs at the concentrations of 30 and 60 mg/kg significantly increased MDA compared to the control group. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that CONPs attenuate OS in the kidney and affect the serum levels of OS-related markers but induce OS in the lung tissue in a dose-dependent manner.

Neuroprotective Effect of Physical Exercise on Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Tramadol in Cerebral Cortex of Rats

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic agent with low affinity for opioid receptors, used for treating moderate to severe pain. Tramadol, like other opioids, induces neuronal apoptosis, which causes multiple neuronal impairments. The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of physical exercises on tramadol-induced neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of rats. Thirty adult male rats were divided into three groups (n= 10) as follow; the control group was gavaged with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl); tramadol group was daily administered with tramadol (40 mg/kg) for 28 days, and physical exercise group was administered with the same dose as tramadol group, then rats were forced to run on the treadmill for 30 min, once a day for 28 days. Tramadol induced histopathological changes in the form of neuroses degeneration and apoptosis. These findings were confirmed by immunohistochemical and blotting studies, which showed upregulation of p53 and downregulation of Bcl-2. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) significantly increased following tramadol administration. At the same time, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were decreased. In contrast, physical exercise was found to protect cortical neurons from degeneration and apoptosis produced by tramadol. This was evidenced by the downregulation of p53 and upregulating Bcl-2 expression and the improved changes in the oxidative stress biomarkers in rats. Physical exercise reduced the neuronal apoptosis and degeneration in the cerebral cortex following tramadol administration through suppressing oxidative stress.

Protective effect of crocin on food azo dye tartrazine-induced hepatic damage by improving biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats.

The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the protective effect of crocin on the adverse effects of tartrazine on liver. Crocin is a carotenoid and a strong free radical scavenger. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10). The first group was the control group (C) and saline solution was administered to this group. The second group (Cr) was administered 50 mg/kg crocin. The third group (T) was administered 500 mg/kg tartrazine. The fourth group (T+Cr) was administered the same doses of both crocin and tartrazine as the previous groups for 21 days. It was determined that tartrazine increased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels and catalase (CAT) activity, decreased glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. Furthermore, tartrazine administration resulted in significant increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and pathological changes in the liver. When tartrazine administered rats were treated with crocin for 21 days, the biochemical parameters improved, and liver tissues were restored. Thus, it was demonstrated that crocin had protective effects on the adverse effects caused by tartrazine administration.

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Alone and in Combination with Exercise Training on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Rats.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of exercise training alone and in combination with coenzyme Q10 (Q10) supplementation on the Q10 level, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defense markers in blood and skeletal muscle tissue in young and aged rats. Methods: The study included 4-month old (young) and 20-month old (aged) rats. Each group was further divided into control, exercise training, Q10 supplementation, and Q10 supplementation plus exercise training groups. The exercise training program consisted of swimming for 8 weeks, and Q10 or vehicle during the same period. Results: The Q10 concentration in plasma (P<0.05), but not in skeletal muscle (P>0.05) increased significantly following Q10 supplementation in both the young and aged rats. Plasma SOD and CAT activity were significantly higher in the aged rats in the Q10 and Q10 plus exercise training groups than in the other groups (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference between the groups in skeletal muscle (P>0.05). Additionally, plasma and skeletal GSH levels did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The present findings indicate that Q10 supplementation increased the Q10 concentration in blood but not in skeletal muscle tissue. On the other hand, Q10 administration alone and in combination with exercise challenge improved antioxidant enzyme capacity especially in the aged rats.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) using Lactobacillus and their effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in rats

Biosynthesis method of nanoparticles acquires very important area due to their economic and ecofriendly benefits. The present study was aimed to the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Lactobacillus mixture and evaluating their antioxidant activity.The characterization and biosynthesis AgNPs was achieved, using Ultra Violet (UV)–Visible spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect the size, shape and distribution of AgNPs. The occurrence of elemental silver was analyzed by Energy Dispersive-X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of AgNPs and Lactobacillus in vivo, forty healthy adult rats were used and divided into eight equal groups, first group served as control, second group received LAB mix1 (1ml/kg) and three groups were administrated with three concentration of AgNPs (5, 50 and 500mg/kg AgNPs) respectively and other three groups were administrated with the same concentration of AgNPs along with LAB mix1 for two weeks.The results revealed significant increased (p<0.05) in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of (LAB mix1 1ml/kg, 5mg/kg AgNPs, 5mg/kg AgNPs+LAB mix1, 50mg/kg AgNPs+LAB mix1 and 500mg/kg AgNPs+LAB mix1) and significantly decreased (p<0.05) in treatments of (50 and 500mg/kg AgNPs).The current study demonstrated that Lactobacillus afforded beneficial role by increasing the antioxidant activity with AgNPs and as ameliorative function for the effect of high dose of AgNPs.

Effects of Hypericum Scabrum extract on anxiety and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet.

The continuous and long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to weight gain and obesity. A HFD and obesity increase the risks of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we investigated the effects of a Hypericum Scabrum (H. scabrum) extract, which is an antioxidant, on anxiety in rats fed a long-term HFD. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into the following six groups: (1) Control (standard diet), (2) Ext100 [standard diet supplemented with extract (100mg/kg once/day)], (3) Ext300 [standard diet supplemented with extract (300mg/kg once/day)], (4) HFD, (HFD), (5) HFD + Ext100, and (6) HFD + Ext300. The groups were fed their diet for 3months. Anxiety was measured with the elevated plus-maze test. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken, and biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarker levels were determined in the plasma. Compared to the control group, the HFD group exhibited significant decreases in both the time in the open arms and number of entries into the open arms. H. scabrum extract supplementation significantly increased these parameters in the HFD-fed groups. The HFD significantly increased serum malondialdehyde levels and significantly decreased total glutathione levels, while H. scabrum extract supplementation significantly reversed these parameters. In conclusion, these results showed that a HFD increased anxiety behavior. In contrast, H. scabrum extract supplementation had anxiolytic effects and reversed the effects of the HFD, which suggested that the effects of H. scabrum extract supplementation were due to its strong antioxidant properties.

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) on Hematology and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Rats Intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) on Hematology and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Rats Intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride

Textile industrial effluent induces mutagenicity and oxidative DNA damage and exploits oxidative stress biomarkers in rats.

Exposure to complex mixtures like textile effluent poses risks to animal and human health such as mutations, genotoxicity and oxidative damage. Aim of the present study was to quantify metals in industrial effluent and to determine its mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic potential and effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in effluent exposed rats. Metal analysis revealed presence of high amounts of zinc, copper, chromium, iron, arsenic and mercury in industrial effluent. Ames test with/without enzyme activation and MTT assay showed strong association of industrial effluent with mutagenicity and cytotoxicity respectively. In-vitro comet assay revealed evidence of high oxidative DNA damage. When Wistar rats were exposed to industrial effluent in different dilutions for 60 days, then activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase and hydrogen peroxide concentration were found to be significantly lower in kidney, liver and blood/plasma of effluent exposed rats than control. Vitamin C in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day significantly reduced oxidative effects of effluent in rats. On the basis of this study it is concluded that industrial effluent may cause mutagenicity, in-vitro oxidative stress-related DNA damage and cytotoxicity and may be associated with oxidative stress in rats. Vitamin C may have ameliorating effect when exposed to effluent.

Effects of Orlistat and Herbal Mixture Extract on Renal Function and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in a Rat Model of High Fat Diet

Aims: This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of herbal mixture extracts of pumpkin seed oil, peanuts shell and Orlistat on renal function and oxidative stress biomarkers in male albino rats administrated high fat diet ( HFD).

Plantago maxima leaves extract inhibits adipogenic action of a high-fat diet in female Wistar rats

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the content of biologically active compounds producing an antioxidant effect in Plantago maxima and their influence on main mechanisms of dietary obesity development. Biologically active compounds in P. maxima were tested using paper chromatography. In in vivo experiment, high-fat-fed Wistar rats obtained P. maxima water extract for 3 months. Morphometric parameters, weight gain, serum adipokines, and cytokines, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in rats’ tissues were evaluated. Gut microflora was also examined. Plantago maxima leaves used in the experiment contained significant amount of flavonoids, iridoids, phenol carboxylic acids, and tannins and ascorbic acid. Our in vivo experiment data demonstrate that P. maxima water extract prevents excessive adiposity in a diet-induced model. P. maxima consumption reduced serum leptin (twofold), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (sevenfold), tumornecrosis factor-α (25%), and interleukine-6 (26%) levels. P. maxima water extract decreased adipose tissue oxidative stress biomarkers in rats fed a high-fat diet. In addition, increased bacterial growth in the diet-induced obesity model was reversed by the P. maxima extract treatment. Plantago maxima water extract possessed antiadipogenic, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant activity, and normalized gut microflora in a rat model of diet-induced excessive adiposity due to a high content of biologically active compounds.

The Levels of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Rats as a Response to Different Techniques of Testicular Biopsy.

Some biopsy techniques may cause oxidative stress. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the possible role of testicular biopsy-induced damage on production of reactive oxygen species using quantitative and biochemical methods. Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 (sham) (n = 6) was sham operated. Group 2 (n = 7) underwent fine-needle aspiration testicular biopsy. Group 3 (n = 6) underwent microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). Open testicular biopsy was performed to rats in group 4 (macro-TESE) (n = 8). Group 5 (n = 7) underwent Tru-cut biopsy. Six weeks after the initial operations, orchiectomies were performed. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in biopsy samples were measured as spectrophotometric. Compared with group I, SOD and CAT activities, and MDA levels were elevated significantly in the fine-needle aspiration group, in the macro-TESE group and in the Tru-cut biopsy group (groups II, IV, and V), (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between group I and group III (p > 0.05). These data suggest that micro-TESE biopsy is the best technique among all others. All of the biopsy techniques except micro-TESE may cause the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. We consider that the increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD) may reflect the cellular response against oxidative stress in these groups.

DOES ACCESS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INFLUENCE OXIDATIVE STRESS OVER TIME?

Oxidative stress has been shown to be related to factors such as advanced age, physical activity, physical inactivity, stress, and disease. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe and distinguish selected health and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats that had different access to daily physical activity over approximately 75% of their maximum life span potential. METHODS 72 rats were randomly separated into three groups: 1) sedentary, 2) twice weekly physical activity, and 3) regular voluntary wheel running. Blood sampling occurred at age 4, 12, and 16 months. Body weight (BW, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were measured bi-weekly. RESULTS Results showed that mean BW's were similar until week 10. Thereafter Group 3 BW was approximately 8–14% lower than both Groups 1 and 2 (F=3.90, p = .03). BP, HR, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and blood lipids did not differ between groups or over time. GSH,GSSG, and the ratio changed slightly over time, with Group 3 maintaining their levels and Group 1 changing towards greater oxidative stress by 16 months (F=4.94, p = .001). Tumor incidence did not appear to correlate with any groups, although size was larger in Group 1. CONCLUSION These data indicate that healthy animals did not show overt signs of disease, despite different access to physical activity, but signs of oxidative stress in physically inactive animals occurred as they aged.