Blood Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Research Articles

PSIV-6 Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress in offspring from dams infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus during late-term gestation

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to examine the impact of dams infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) during late gestation on inflammatory blood biomarkers in their offspring. Fetal infection with BVDV before d 125 to 150 of gestation results in the birth of immunotolerant, persistently infected (PI) calves. Infection of BVDV during late gestation results in transient fetal infections (TI). It was hypothesized that offspring of dams transiently infected with BVDV on d 175 of gestation would have greater inflammatory blood biomarkers than control offspring. Unvaccinated, yearling Hereford heifers (n = 24), seronegative for antibodies to BVDV1 and BVDV2 were bred by artificial insemination with X chromosome-bearing sperm from an Angus sire. On d 175 of pregnancy, heifers were intranasally inoculated with either Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium + 2% horse serum (sham control) or 4.0 log TCID50 noncytopathic type 2 BVDV to generate control and transient infected calves, respectively. All BVDV-inoculated dams seroconverted by d 14 post-inoculation and all sham-inoculated control dams remained seronegative. Twelve, seronegative control heifer calves were born to the control dams, and 11 seropositive (to type 2 BVDV) TI heifer calves were born to BVDV-inoculated dams. All offspring were raised on pasture until weaning. At weaning, all calves were transported to our feedlot research facility, housed in one group feedlot pen, and transitioned to a high-energy concentrate-based diet until reaching an approximate body weight (BW) of 600 kg. Upon arrival, all animals received a standard heifer growth implant containing 200 mg of testosterone propionate and 20 mg of estradiol benzoate, a modified live viral vaccine containing IBR-BRSV-PI3, and were dewormed. Jugular blood samples were obtained every 28 d until harvest (280 d on feed) and analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation. Data were analyzed as a randomized block design with the MIXED procedures of SAS. There was a treatment x time interaction (P < 0.05) for plasma ceruloplasmin and the oxidized form of glutathione. On d 0 and 28 of the feeding period, all biomarkers were similar across treatments. By d 56 of the feeding period, ceruloplasmin (P < 0.03) and the oxidized form of glutathione (P < 0.01), indicators of chronic inflammation, were increased in plasma samples from TI heifers compared with controls. These parameters remained greater in TI heifers compared with controls throughout the feeding period. There were no treatment or treatment x time interactions for plasma interferon (INF)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and haptoglobin. These data suggest that TI heifers may be experiencing a greater level of oxidative stress later in the finishing period. This research was supported by USDA-NIFA Grant #2019-67015-29866.

Assessing the Impact of (Poly)phenol-Rich Foods on Cardiometabolic Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Dietary Trial.

Menopause is a critical stage in a woman's life in which cardiometabolic alterations appear, such as insulin resistance or a predisposition to visceral fat deposits, leading to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases (R-CMBs). New strategies to reduce the R-CMBs in postmenopausal women using natural compounds without adverse effects are desirable. In this sense, plant-based diets rich in fruits and vegetables could play a fundamental role due to the high content of bioactive compounds found in these diets, such as (poly)phenols, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator properties. The aim of this research was to carry out a dietary trial to evaluate the effect of the daily intake of different (poly)phenol-rich foods (PP-rich foods) for 2 months on the modulation of the main cardiometabolic risk biomarkers of postmenopausal women. The results showed a slight improvement in blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and oxidative stress, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers. These findings suggest that daily consumption of PP-rich foods alleviated the R-CMBs of postmenopausal women by reducing the oxidative stress and, thus, the risk of cardiovascular events; however, the magnitude of the cardioprotective effect of (poly)phenols depends on inter-individual variability.

Effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in adults: An umbrella review of the meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

AimsCinnamon has positive effects on markers of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure (BP), oxidative stress, and inflammation. Despite the evidence accumulated from meta-analysis studies on the effects of cinnamon on these markers, the reported findings are still controversial. This umbrella review was conducted to evaluate the evidence and provide a definitive clarification. Data synthesisWe conducted a systematic search in four scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases, up to March 2024 to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigating the impact of cinnamon on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The findings revealed that cinnamon might exert favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (ES = −2.36 mmHg; 95% CI: 3.86, −1.40), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (ES = −1.65 mmHg; 95% CI: 2.41, −0.90), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.64), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD = −1.48; 95% CI: 2.96, −0.01). However, the results did not show any significant effect of cinnamon on malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD = −0.47; 95% CI: 0.99, 0.05), C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = −1.33; 95% CI: 2.66, 0.00), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (WMD= 1.53, 95% CI: 12.03, 15.10). ConclusionsThe results of the studies included in this umbrella review support the usefulness of cinnamon consumption in modulating BP as well as improving TAC and IL-6 in metabolic disorders. Due to the limited number of studies, clinical diversity, and other limitations, more high-quality studies must be conducted to provide more precise and comprehensive recommendations. Registration numberPROSPERO, CRD42023487350.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Pedada Fruit Extract (Sonneratia Caseolaris) to Prevent Stunting

Stunting is a problem that still cannot be resolved throughout the world, especially in Indonesia. Children who are malnourished show high levels of blood oxidative stress biomarkers as well as inhibition in growth. To understand prevention of stunting, research was conducted using pedada fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris) which is a mangrove plant taken at the Wonorejo Magrove Ecotourism, Rungkut District, Surabaya City, East Java. The results of the research were used to reveal that there are bioactive compounds in pedada fruit extract to prevent stunting. This research used One Shot Experimental Study. The variables studied used primary data from screening of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidant metabolite compounds at the FK UHT Pharmacy Laboratory and screening for Cu, Fe, Zn mineral content at the UPT East Java Nutrition Laboratory. Result: Based on the results of qualitative phytochemical screening, pedada fruit contained phytochemical compounds, namely phenolics and flavonoids. Mineral screening of pedada fruit was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Pedada fruit extract contained zinc (Zn) of 1.057 mg, while copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) of 0 mg.

Systemic inflammation, oxidative damage and neurocognition predict telomere length in a transdiagnostic sample stratified by global DNA methylation levels

Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that molecular pathways and neurocognitive performance regulate epigenetic dynamics in these disorders. The current combined and transdiagnostic study investigated whether inflammatory, oxidative stress, adhesion molecule, neurocognitive and functional performance are significant predictors of telomere dynamics in a sample stratified by global DNA methylation levels. Peripheral blood inflammation, oxidative stress and adhesion molecule biomarkers and neurocognitive function were assessed twice over a 1-year period in 80 individuals, including 16 with schizophrenia (SZ), 16 with bipolar disorder (BD), 16 with major depressive disorder (MDD), 15 with T2DM, and 17 healthy controls (HCs). Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured by qRT-PCR using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from peripheral blood samples. A posteriori, individuals were classified based on their global methylation score (GMS) at baseline into two groups: the below-average methylation (BM) and above-average methylation (AM) groups. Hierarchical and k-means clustering methods, mixed one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analyses were performed. Overall, the BM group showed a significantly higher leukocyte telomere length (LTL) than the AM group at both time points (p = 0.02; η2p = 0.06). Moreover, the BM group had significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.03; η2p = 0.06) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.03; η2p = 0.06) than the AM group at the 1-year follow-up. Across all participants, the regression models showed that oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS]) (p = 0.04) and global cognitive score [GCS] (p = 0.02) were significantly negatively associated with LTL, whereas inflammatory (TNF-α) (p = 0.04), adhesion molecule biomarkers (inter cellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]) (p = 0.009), and intelligence quotient [IQ] (p = 0.03) were significantly positively associated with LTL. Moreover, the model predictive power was increased when tested in both groups separately, explaining 15.8% and 28.1% of the LTL variance at the 1-year follow-up for the AM and BM groups, respectively. Heterogeneous DNA methylation in individuals with T2DM and severe mental disorders seems to support the hypothesis that epigenetic dysregulation occurs in a transdiagnostic manner. Our results may help to elucidate the interplay between epigenetics, molecular processes and neurocognitive function in these disorders. DNA methylation and LTL are potential therapeutic targets for transdiagnostic interventions to decrease the risk of comorbidities.

Inflammation and weight change related to neurocognitive and functional impairment in diabetes and psychiatric disorders

IntroductionObesity is a global pandemic associated with various cardio-metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Neurocognitive and functional deficits have been associated with several somatic and psychiatric disorders. Adiposity-related inflammation has recently emerged as a key risk factor for neurocognitive and functional impairments. This prospective transdiagnostic study aimed to investigate the role of adiposity-related inflammatory markers in neurocognitive and functional outcomes associated with weight changes. MethodsPeripheral blood inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and neurocognitive and functional performance were assessed twice over 1 year in 165 individuals, including 30 with schizophrenia, 42 with bipolar disorder, 35 with major depressive disorder, 30 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 28 healthy controls. Participants were stratified by body mass index into categories of type 2 obesity (T2OB; n=30), type 1 obesity (T1OB; n=42), overweight (OW; n=53), and average weight (NW; n=40). Mixed one-way analysis of covariance and linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. ResultsCompared with NW, T2OB and T1OB were significantly associated with impaired neurocognitive and functional performance (p<0.01; η2p=0.06–0.12) and higher levels of C-reactive protein and platelets (PLT) (p<0.01; η2p=0.08–0.16), with small-to-moderate effect sizes. IL-6, IL-10, and PLT were key factors for detecting significant weight changes in T1OB and T2OB over time. Regression models revealed that inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and cellular adhesion molecules were significantly associated with neurocognitive and functional performance (p<0.05). DiscussionObesity is characterized by neurocognitive and functional impairments alongside low-grade systemic inflammation. Adiposity-related inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to neurocognitive and functional decline in individuals with T2DM and psychiatric disorders. Our data suggest that these biomarkers facilitate the identification of specific subgroups of individuals at higher risk of developing obesity.

Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) improves time-to-exhaustion cycling performance and increased reduced glutathione: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, and triple-blind study.

To examine the effects of 7-days juçara powder (JP) intake on oxidative stress biomarkers and endurance and sprint cycling performances. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, and triple-blind study, 20 male trained cyclists were assigned to intake 10g of JP (240mg anthocyanins) or placebo (PLA) for 7 days and performed a cycling time-to-exhaustion (TTE). A 5s cycling sprint was performed before and after the cycling TTE. Blood oxidative stress biomarkers and lactate concentration where evaluated 1h before (T-1), immediately after (T0), and 1h after (T1) the cycling TTE. The mean duration time for the cycling TTE was 8.4±6.0% (63±17s) longer in the JP condition (JP: 751±283s) compared to PLA (688±266s) (P<0.019). Two-way repeated measures Analysis of variance showed an increase in the JP condition for reduced glutathione (GSH) (P=0.049) at T0 (P=0.039) and T1 (P=0.029) compared to PLA with a moderate effect size at T0 (d=0.61) and T1 (d=0.57). Blood lactate levels increased over time in both conditions (P≤0.001). No differences were observed for the post-TTE sprint fatigue index, total phenols, protein carbonyls, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Seven-day intake of JP improved cycling endurance performance and increased GSH levels but had no effect on lactate and cycling sprint-induced fatigue.

Thymol, a bioactive component of ocimum gratissimum linn. leaf ameliorated diabetes-induced exocrine pancreas insufficiency in male wistar rats

Background and aims: Exocrine pancreas insufficiency characterized by decreased pancreatic enzyme activity is one of the conditions associated with prolonged diabetes mellitus. Anti-diabetic activity of Ocimum gratissimum linn. leaf in experimental animals is well documented and using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis, thymol has been identified as one of its bioactive components. This study investigated the effect of thymol on pancreatic alpha amylase activities and oxidative stress biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats grouped into four as Control, THY, DIA, and DIA+THY were used. Animals in DIA and DIA+THY were diabetic orally administered distilled water and thymol (20 mg/kg), respectively, while control and THY were normal rats treated similarly for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), liver function, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in the blood while the pancreas was obtained for amylase activities. Results: Thymol treatment in the DIA+THY decreased FBG (119.75 ± 20.10 mg/dl), cholesterol (129.22 ± 8.34 mg/dl), triglycerides (116.41 ± 8.34 mg/dl), and low-density lipoprotein (101.89 ± 8.28 mg/dl) when compared with the DIA (209.25 ± 46.88 mg/dl, 156.31 ± 16.21 mg/dl, 143.13 ± 14.81 mg/dl, and 131.23 ± 13.38 mg/dl, respectively). Increased alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase observed in DIA were reversed in the Dia+THY. Pancreatic amylase activity was reduced in DIA (3.01 ± 0.50 Activity/mg.protein) compared with control (6.4 ± 0.42 Activity/mg.protein) and this was increased in DIA+THY (6.73 ± 0.39 Activity/mg.protein) relative to DIA. Increased plasma malondialdehyde and decreased catalase activity were observed in the DIA group and these were reversed in the DIA+THY group Conclusions: Thymol has hypoglycemic properties and stimulates pancreatic alpha-amylase activity through a mechanism that may be linked to its antioxidant properties.

Acute changes in antioxidants and oxidative stress to vigorous arm exercise: an intervention trial in persons with spinal cord injury and healthy controls

Study designIntervention trial.BackgroundLiterature remains unclear on possible health benefits and risks assosciated with high intensity exercise for persons with SCI. Elevated oxidative stress levels might influence their ability to exercise at high intensity. We investigated several biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense at rest, during and after vigorous exercise among persons with chronic SCI.SettingSunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Norway.MethodsSix participants (five males) with chronic SCI (AIS A, injury level thoracic 2–8, >1 year postinjury) and six matched able-bodied controls performed two maximal arm-cranking tests, with one-three days in between. During the second exercise test, participants performed three bouts with four minutes arm cranking at high intensity (85–95% of peak heart rate (HRpeak)), before they reached maximal effort. Blood and urine biomarkers for oxidative stress and antioxidant levels were collected at six time points at the day of the second exercise test; baseline, at high intensity exercise, at maximal effort, at five, 30 and 60 min post-exercise, and 24 h post exercise.ResultsParticipants with SCI had significant lower levels of creatinine (∆16 µmol/L, p = 0.03), α-carotene (∆0.14 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and β-carotene (∆0.51 nmol/L, p = 0.001) at baseline compared to controls. Urine and blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant levels showed similar response to vigorous exercise in the SCI and control group.ConclusionsSCI participants showed similar changes in redox status during high intensity exercise compared to matched able-bodied. SCI participants had lower levels of exogen antioxidants both before, during and after vigorous exercise.

Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, arrests arthritis through modulation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in Wistar rats.

Diosgenin (DGN) is a well-known steroidal sapogenin that is obtained from the hydrolysis of dioscin. The current research aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of DGN alone and in combination with methotrexate (MTX). The in-vitro antioxidant, and anti-arthritic potential was assessed by protein denaturation and Human red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory effect was examined by carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema methods. The arthritis was induced in Wistar rats by inoculation of 0.1ml Complete Freund's adjuvant in the left hind paw at day 1. The arthritic animals received MTX 1mg/kg as standard, DGN at 5, 10, 20mg/kg, and a combination treatment (DGN 20mg/kg + MTX) was administered orally from 8 to 28th day while normal and disease control received normal saline. DGN at 1600μg/ml exhibited the highest in-vitro activities in contrast to other tested concentrations. DGN at 20mg/kg exhibited the maximum (p < 0.05-0.0001) inhibition of inflammation in carrageenan and xyleneinduced edema models. Treatment with DGN and MTX alone and in combination significantly reduced the paw diameter, body weight, arthritic index, and pain. It restored altered blood parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers in contrast to the diseased control rats. DGN profoundly (P < 0.0001) downregulated mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-ĸβ, and COX-2 while upregulated IL-4 and -10 in treated rats. The combination of DGN with MTX showed the highest therapeutic efficacy than individual therapy, so it can be used as an adjunct for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

Impaired cytokines gene expression by diazinon and its relation with blood chemistry and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Impaired cytokines gene expression by diazinon and its relation with blood chemistry and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress During Exercise And Recovery In Hot Condition

Acute exercise of sufficient intensity and duration can result in oxidative stress (OS), characterized by elevated blood OS biomarkers. Unfortunately, the time course for the change in OS and its recovery (RC) has not been adequately determined in most studies. PURPOSE: This study investigated the pattern change in blood OS biomarkers (low density lipoproteins oxidized (LDLox) and glutathione ratio (oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to total glutathione (TGSH) during a 1 h bout of cycling and a 1 h RC period, compared to a rest condition. It was hypothesized that the blood OS biomarkers would be elevated within the first 30 min of exercise based on the predicted intensity with the OS biomarkers returning to baseline during RC. METHODS: Ten males (mean(SD)); age,24.4 (1) yrs; mass, 75.3 (2.1) kg; height 175.9 (1) cm; VO2max, 50.0 (1.8) ml·kg-1·min-1) arrived at 1800 h on two occasions and completed; an exercise (Ex) (70-75% max power output) or rest (RE) condition in a hot environment (40oC and 30% relative humidity), in a randomized order. Blood was sampled every 15 min during EX and at min 15, 30 and 60 mins during RC. Plasma LDLox and both reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione status were assessed. Repeated measures ANOVAs (2 conditions x 4 times [EX] and 2 conditions x 4 times [RC]) determined if differences in LDLox, and GSSG/TGSH ratio occurred with an alpha set a priori p < .05. RESULTS: Mean HR for RE was 73 ± 3 bpm vs 165 ± 3 for EX overtime. Mean cycling power output was 151 ± 9 W during EX. There was no main effect for condition (p = 0.054) or time (p = 0.061) or interaction (time by condition) effect (p = 0.074) for LDLox during EX. The GSSG/TGSH ratio increased at 30 minutes regardless of condition (12.5% compared to 5% at 0 minutes in chamber). The GSSG/TGSH ratio had a main effect for time to increase at 60 min RC independent of condition (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The results did not support our hypothesis of an exercise-induced OS. Our findings were likely impacted by 1) the environmental conditions inducing a high heat stress at rest, 2) delayed recovery due to the high heat stress in combination with dehydration during recovery, and 3) and small sample size which could not overcome the large interindividual variability in LDLox values.

P-323 Should We Measure Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Follicular Fluid Of Women With Endometriosis Undergoing IVF?

Abstract Study question Do levels of Oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers differ in the follicular fluid of women with endometriosis compared to tubal factor infertility? Summary answer 8-Isoprostane is a promising biomarker in diagnosing oxidative stress in women with endometriosis opening a window of opportunity for improving outcomes. What is known already A delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants is required for oocyte development and maturation. Any perturbation in the oocyte microenvironment which is the follicular fluid results in hampered oocyte quality and further affects the embryo development. As endometriosis causes destruction of the oocyte milieu, various OS biomarkers have been explored with inconclusive results. The present study aimed to compare these biomarkers in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and tubal factor infertility undergoing in-vitro fertilization and correlate with ART outcomes. Study design, size, duration In a cross sectional study conducted at the assisted conception unit at a tertiary care hospital from 2017-2018 women undergoing their first IVF cycles for endometriosis and tubal factor infertility were recruited in the study. The study included a total of 107 patients with 50 in the endometriosis group (Group1) and 57 in the tubal group (Group 2). Participants/materials, setting, methods Follicular fluid from women undergoing IVF in both the groups was collected and evaluated for Oxidative stress biomarkers including Reactive Oxygen species (ROS), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), 8-Isoprostane (8-IP) levels. ROS levels were detected by chemiluminescence and TAC and 8-IP using enzyme immunoassays. Main results and the role of chance Levels of ROS {(39.6 cpm vs 54.8 cpm) (p = 0.2)}were comparable in both the groups. Levels of 8-IP were significantly higher in group 1 as compared to the group 2 {(85.2 pg/ul vs 39.2 pg/ul) (p = 0.01)}. TAC levels were higher in endometriosis group compared to the tubal group {(5.4 mM of Trolox vs 4.1 mM of Trolox) (p = 0.005)} which could explain comparable ongoing clinical pregnancy rate in both groups (24.0% vs 24.5%, p = 0.34). There was no correlation of OS biomarkers with ART outcomes in tubal factor. Follicular fluid in Group 1 revealed a negative correlation of ROS with cleavage rate (r = - 0.42, p = 0.002) and positive correlation of TAC with fertilization rate (r = 0.44, p = 0.001) and Good grade embryos (r = 0.4, p = 0.001). Limitations, reasons for caution The main limitation is the inability to assess the dietary intake and blood oxidative stress biomarkers in both the groups. Wider implications of the findings OS biomarkers especially 8-IP could be useful in prognosticating IVF outcomes in women with endometriosis with a potential role of addition of antioxidants in culture media during IVF in these women. Trial registration number Not Applicable

Blood oxidative stress biomarkers in women: influence of oral contraception, exercise, and N-acetylcysteine

PurposeTo compare physiological responses to submaximal cycling and sprint cycling performance in women using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) and naturally cycling women (WomenNC) and to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation mediates these responses.MethodsTwenty recreationally trained women completed five exercise trials (i.e., an incremental cycling test, a familiarisation trial, a baseline performance trial and two double-blind crossover intervention trials). During the intervention trials participants supplemented with NAC or a placebo 1 h before exercise. Cardiopulmonary parameters and blood biochemistry were assessed during 40 min of fixed-intensity cycling at 105% of gas-exchange threshold and after 1-km cycling time-trial.ResultsWomenOC had higher ventilation (β [95% CI] = 0.07 L·min−1 [0.01, 0.14]), malondialdehydes (β = 12.00 mmol·L−1 [6.82, 17.17]) and C-reactive protein (1.53 mg·L−1 [0.76, 2.30]), whereas glutathione peroxidase was lower (β = 22.62 mU·mL−1 [− 41.32, − 3.91]) compared to WomenNC during fixed-intensity cycling. Plasma thiols were higher at all timepoints after NAC ingestion compared to placebo, irrespective of group (all p < 0.001; d = 1.45 to 2.34). For WomenNC but not WomenOC, the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde observed in the placebo trial was blunted after NAC ingestion, with lower values at 40 min (p = 0.018; d = 0.73). NAC did not affect cycling time-trial performance.ConclusionsBlood biomarkers relating to oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated in WomenOC during exercise. There may be an increased strain on the endogenous antioxidant system during exercise, since NAC supplementation in WomenOC did not dampen the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde. Future investigations should explore the impact of elevated oxidative stress on exercise adaptations or recovery from exercise in WomenOC.

The effects of grape seed extract supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in young untrained males

Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute aerobic exercise and 14-days grape seed extract supplementation on total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and muscle cell damage biomarkers in untrained males&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study, twenty-two male students (age 19±1 years, weight 67.44±7 kg, BMI 22±2, V̇ O2max 39±2 ml/kg-1 /min-1 ) were randomly assigned to two groups of grape seed extract and placebo (PLA) (GSE: 200 mg/day for two weeks). After subsequent 14-days of supplementation, subjects did a single session of aerobic exercise (running) on treadmill at 75% VO2max for 30 minutes. Blood samples were taken 3 times: prior to supplementation (baseline), 14-days after supplementation, and immediately after exercise (post-exercise). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lactate were measured. TAC was determined by ABTs method. The collected data were then analyzed by running analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measure and Bonferroni post-hoc tests as appropriate using SPSS17 at p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results: Malondialdehyde, CK, LDH, Lactate were significantly increased after aerobic exercise (p&lt;0.05). Short-term GSE supplementation significantly prevented MDA and CK cascade after exercise compared to PLA (p&lt;0.05) but, it had no significant effect on basal parameters (p&gt;0.05). The exercise had also no significant effect on total antioxidant capacity in any of the groups (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Aerobic exercise could increase blood oxidative stress biomarkers and GSE supplementation, due to influential antioxidant effect; yet, it could attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress in men

Effects of Postpartum Separation of Rabbit Offspring from their Mothers on Pregnancy Rate, Milk Production, Behavioral Indicators, Blood Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Hormonal Levels, and Performance of Young Rabbits from Birth to Weaning

Effects of Postpartum Separation of Rabbit Offspring from their Mothers on Pregnancy Rate, Milk Production, Behavioral Indicators, Blood Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Hormonal Levels, and Performance of Young Rabbits from Birth to Weaning

Dried Blood Spot Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Associated with Blood Pressure in Rural Senegalese Women with Incident Hypertension.

Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation have been associated with increased risk of hypertension development; yet their application in sub-Saharan Africa has been limited due to the lack of blood collection facilities. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of dried blood spots (DBS), a more feasible alternative to venous blood, in rural sub-Saharan residents. We recruited 342 women with incident hypertension from rural Senegal, and measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in DBS and concurrent blood pressure (BP) at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Associations of DBS biomarkers with current levels of and 1-year changes in BP were examined after adjusting for demographic, medical, and socioeconomic covariates. DBS concentrations of MDA were significantly associated with concurrent systolic BP (SBP) (p < 0.05), while DBS baseline concentrations of CRP were associated with longitudinal changes in SBP between baseline and follow-up. Compared to participants with baseline CRP < 1 mg/L, those with CRP of 1–3 mg/L and 3–10 mg/L had 2.11 mmHg (95%CI: −2.79 to 7.02 mmHg) and 4.68 mmHg (95%CI: 0.01 to 9.36 mmHg) increases in SBP at follow-up, respectively. The results support the use of DBS biomarkers for hypertension prevention and control, especially in settings with limited clinical resources.

Cocoa husks fed to lactating dairy ewes affect milk fatty acid profile and oxidative status of blood and milk

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cocoa husks (CH) containing theobromine on milk fatty acids (FA) and on milk and blood oxidative status in dairy ewes. The experiment was carried out with 24 dairy ewes and it lasted 8 weeks with 3 weeks of adaptation period and 5 weeks of experimental period. Animals were divided in three homogeneous groups and all ewes were fed with the same basal diet, composed of a total mix ration (TMR). The first group (CON) was fed with the TMR and a supplementation of 100 g/d per head of soybean hulls, while the second (CH50) and the third groups (CH100) were fed with the TMR and a supplementation of 50 and 100 g/d per head of CH, respectively. Blood samples were analyzed for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione transferase (GSTS), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while milk samples were analyzed for SOD, GR and lactoperoxidase (LPO). Total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and milk samples were determined. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts (linear and quadratic) were used to investigate the effect of the diet on the variables. The C16:0 and MCFA (medium-chain fatty acids) decreased, whereas C18:0 and LCFA (long-chain fatty acids) increased quadratically with the dose of CH. The supplementation of CH decreased linearly the OBCFA (branched-chain fatty acid). Regarding antioxidant results, mean protein carbonyls (PC) decreased linearly and SOD activity tended to increase linearly in blood with increasing CH dose. Meanwhile, antioxidant analysis of milk samples showed that CH supplementation increased quadratically the LPO and tended to decrease quadratically the malondialdehyde level (MDA). In conclusion, the addition of CH as supplement to the diet of ewes could modify the milk FA profile and could improve antioxidant capacity of blood and milk.

Metal exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers in a Brazilian agricultural community

We examined the association between exposure to metals, metalloids, and oxidative stress biomarkers among rural community residents in Brazil. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate associations between serum metal and metalloid concentrations and blood oxidative stress biomarkers, adjusting for sex, age, education, smoking, and alcohol use. After adjustment for covariates, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) was inversely and significantly associated with an increase in serum arsenic (As) levels. Positive and significant associations were seen between elevated glutathione reductase (GR) activity and serum cadmium (Cd), barium (Ba), and lead (Pb) concentrations. In addition, we observed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in association with an increase in Ba levels. These findings suggest that toxic metals and metalloids such as As, Ba, Cd, and Pb alter antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, Ba seems to promote lipid peroxidation.

Association of Elevated Cord Blood Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Neonatal Outcomes in Mothers with Pre-Eclampsia: A Case-Control Study

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the levels of stress biomarkers in cord blood and pre-eclampsia (PE) in a hospital-based population of pregnant patients and evaluate the effects on pregnancy outcomes. Design: This was an observational, case-control study. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: This case-control study included 282 patients with severe PE and 534 women with normal pregnancy. The umbilical cord was collected at delivery and tested for malonaldehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase, and homocysteine (Hcy) analysis. We performed a univariate general linear regression model analysis to control potential confounders and determined the underlying influencing factors for high MDA and ROS. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to determine the cutoff values for identifying severe PE. Further, the severe PE group was divided into the low- or high-MDA and low- or high-ROS subgroups according to the cutoff values. Finally, we created logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted odds ratio for each perinatal outcome in the high-MDA and high-ROS subgroup. Results: The levels of MDA and ROS levels were higher in women with severe PE than in normotensive pregnant patients. However, when adjusted for cord blood Hcy levels, the difference was insignificant. Additionally, both MDA (r = 0.359, p < 0.001) and ROS (r = 0.473, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with the cord blood Hcy level. The areas under the curve of MDA and ROS levels were 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.69) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86–0.90), respectively. Higher MDA and ROS levels were associated with increased risks of a low Apgar score, admission to the NICU, and assisted ventilation for the newborn. Limitations: The study design led to the exclusion of several participants. Conclusions: Increased levels of oxidative stress markers in the cord blood might be significantly associated with negative effects on newborns. High levels of Hcy in the cord blood might be associated with elevated MDA and ROS concentrations in women with severe PE.