Oxidative Stability Of Soybean Oil Research Articles

The effect of naringenin-phospholipid complex on thermal oxidative stability of soybean oil under heating condition

Naringenin (NGE), a typical flavanone abundant in citrus fruits, exhibits remarkable antioxidant activities. However, its low solubility in oil restricts its widespread use in inhibiting lipid oxidation. In this study, we present a novel and effective approach to address this limitation by developing a naringenin-phospholipid complex (NGE-PC COM). Comprehensive analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to confirm the formation of the NGE-PC COM and elucidate the interaction mechanism between NGE and phospholipids molecules. Notably, the oil-solubility of NGE was significantly enhanced by approximately 2700-fold when formulated as a phospholipid complex in soybean oil. The improved oil-solubility of NGE-PC COM enabled effective inhibition of oil thermal oxidation under high temperature conditions. Generally, this investigation proposed a novel and promising strategy for employing flavanones with strong antioxidant activities to enhance the thermal oxidative stability of edible oil during heating processes.

Influence of extraction techniques on the efficiency of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extracts in oxidative stability of edible oils.

In this study, the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (PPE) on the oxidative stability of soybean oil and ghee were investigated under heat conditions. Three extraction methods (immersion, ultrasound, and combined immersion-ultrasound) with eight solvents (hot water, cold water, absolute methanol, methanol 50%, absolute ethanol, ethanol 50%, absolute acetone, and acetone 50%) were used for the evaluation of the extracts. Ethanolic extract in maceration method significantly (p≤ .05) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (95.018%), reducing power (3.981), and total phenolic content (520 mg GAE/g) compared to the other samples. Then, the effects of PPE in various concentrations (200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm) were compared to the synthetic antioxidant (Butylated hydroxytoluene 200 ppm) in the oxidative stability of soybean oil under 65°C and ghee under 55°C for 24 days with 6-day intervals, respectively. During storage period, all treatments showed a significant decrease (p≤ .05) in peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, conjugated dienes value, polar compounds value, and acid value compared to the control. Except for the PPE 200 treatment, the other treatments exhibited superior efficiency to the synthetic antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner in accelerated stored edible oils. Based on the sensory analyses (flavor, odor, color, and overall acceptability), PPE significantly (p≤ .05) preserved the sensory features compared to the control group during the entire storage time. PPE 800 ppm was the most efficient treatment in all analyses, followed by PPE 600, 400, and 200 ppm, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that PPE can be introduced as a unique alternative to synthetic antioxidants in edible oils under heating conditions.

Interfacial behavior of gallic acid and its alkyl esters in stripped soybean oil in combination with monoacylglycerol and phospholipid

The effect of gallic acid alkyl esters and their combination with monoacylglycerol (MAG) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) on the formation of hydroperoxides and hexanal were determined during the oxidation of stripped soybean oil. Interfacial tension, water content, and droplet size were evaluated to monitor the physical properties of the oil system. Adding MAG and DOPC, especially MAG/DOPC, to the oil promoted the partitioning of antioxidants into the water–oil interfaces by further reducing the interfacial tension. The stripped oil containing methyl gallate (MG) accompanied by MAG/DOPC had lower values of the critical micelle concentration of hydroperoxides and larger micellar size at the induction period. This confirms that MG was able to more effectively reduce the free hydroperoxides concentration and inhibit them in an interfacial way. The conjunction of surfactants has been shown as a promising strategy to improve the interfacial and antioxidant activity of gallates in the oxidative stability of soybean oil.

Antibacterial activity and improvement of the oxidative stability of soybean oil by 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate from white mustard seeds

4-Hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate (4-HBITC) is one of the most important secondary metabolite products in white mustard seeds. The antibacterial activity and inhibition of lipid oxidation of 4-HBITC were investigated. The results indicated that 4-HBITC had a significant antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium, and its effect on gram-positive bacteria was superior to that on gram-negative bacteria. The combination of 4-HBITC with citric acid or ascorbic acid had a better antibacterial effect than adding them alone. The antibacterial mechanism of 4-HBITC to affect the metabolic activity rather than the integrity or the permeability of cell membranes was identified. In addition, white mustard seed extract which contains 4-HBITC was found to extend the oxidative stability of soybean oil, and this effect was also improved after the combination of 4-HBITC with citric acid. These results indicated that 4-HBITC and white mustard seed extract have potential for application as a natural preservatives in food and for improving the oxidative stability of edible oils.

Headspace GC/MS para identificação de compostos bioativos do extrato da folha de Curcuma longa L.: Aplicação industrial como antioxidante para óleo de soja

ABSTRACT The use of natural antioxidants extracted from plants is an alternative to the application of synthetic antioxidants. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil after the addition of Curcuma longa L. leaf extracts compared to its oxidative stability with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT Different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. leaves were added to the oil, and the mixture was heated at 60 ±2 °C for 12 days. Several parameters of oxidative stability, including the peroxide index (PI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and conjugated dienes and trienes, were analyzed every three days. The results were promising, the oils to which the Curcuma longa L. leaf extract was added showed a reduction in all parameters, indicating oxidative deterioration under the influence of the concentration of the extract and the duration of treatment. The extract was less effective at low concentrations (0.5%), the parameters did not vary considerably. The PI was low in all treatments until the third day. The PI of the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract was lower than that after treatment with the synthetic antioxidant and the blank treatment on days 6 to 12. The highest production of TBARS was observed in the blank treatment on days 6 to 12, and the lowest values of TBARS were recorded in the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract. For the same concentration, the conjugated dienes varied from 2.05 to 8.6, and the trienes from 0.57 to 1.59.

Natural antioxidants from agro-wastes enhanced the oxidative stability of soybean oil during deep-frying

Plant leaves are an abundant natural antioxidant source that could effectively alternate synthetic antioxidants. Here, we investigated the effect of the lyophilized pomegranate/orange/beetroot leaves extract (POB) (1:1:1), as a natural antioxidant, in retarding the thermo-oxidative degradation of the soybean oil during the deep-frying. To achieve this, we examined the effect of the POB extract at 200, 400, and 800 μg/ml and the potentiated effect of POB-400 μg/ml on butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 100 μg/ml versus that of BHT-200 μg/ml. The extract at 200 and 400 μg/ml weakly retarded the oxidation. Whereas POB-800 μg/ml and POB/BHT (400/100 μg/ml) inhibited the oil oxidation at the early stages, the peroxide value was <10 meq O2/kg. POB-800 μg/ml and POB/BHT reduced the total oxidation (TOTOX) by 55% and 64%, respectively, compared to the raw oil, and decreased the formation of the malondialdehyde by nearly 80%. Besides, the gas chromatography results proved that the POB extract efficiently retarded the oxidation process during discontinuous frying. Consequently, the POB extract could be a promising alternative to BHT in inhibiting the thermo-oxidative degradation of the soybean oil during the frying up to 50 frying batches.

Enhancement of oxidative stability of soybean oil via nano-emulsification of eggplant peel extract: Process development and application

To extend the oxidative stability of soybean oil with encapsulated natural antioxidants, eggplant peel-based water-in-oil (W/O) nanoemulsions were formulated. The nanoemulsions were developed with eggplant peel extract (1000–9000 ppm) and CR-310 emulsifier (8–10 %) via ultrasonication. Seven W/O nanoemulsion formulations exhibited high sedimentation stability (sedimentation index > 92.58 %), a mean droplet diameter < 100 nm and low polydispersity index (<0.25) during 30 days storage. These nanoemulsions achieved controlled release of polyphenols. The low conjugated diene and p-anisidine value (Schaal oven parameters) of the nanoemulsions compared to pure soybean oil and commercial soybean oil suggested that these W/O nanoemulsions restricted oxidation better than these oils. Moreover, they could control the oxidation of soybean oil for approximately 10–15 days under accelerated storage conditions. Further, the induction period in Rancimat also indicated that the nanoemulsions possessed higher oxidative stability compared to pure soybean oil while three nanoemulsions even exhibited higher induction period than commercial soybean oil.

Effect of Natural Antioxidants from Fruit Leaves on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil during Accelerated Storage.

Plant by-products are safe, sustainable, and abundant natural antioxidant sources. Here we investigated the antioxidant activity of a mixture of lyophilized pomegranate, guava, and grape (PGG) leaves water extract (1:1:1) and examined its ability to retard the rancidity of soybean oil during accelerated storage at 65 °C for 30 days. To achieve this, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil enriched with PGG extract at 200, 400, and 800 ppm. We also compared the effect of PGG extract with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (400/100 ppm) with that of only BHT (200 ppm). We observed that 8.19 and 1.78 µg/mL of the extract could scavenge 50% of DPPH• and ABTS•, respectively, indicating its enhanced antioxidant activity. Enriching soyabean oil with the extract at 800 ppm improved its oxidative stability by reducing the acid value to 1.71 mg/g and the total oxidation to 99.87 compared to 2.27 mg/g and 150.32 in the raw oil, respectively. Moreover, PGG-800 ppm inhibited oxidation by 46.07%. Similarly, PGG-400 ppm reinforced BHT (100 ppm) to provide oxidative stability as BHT (p > 0.05), with TOTOX values of 87.93 and 79.23, respectively. PGG-800 ppm and PGG/BHT mix potently inhibited the transformation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones. Therefore, the PGG extract might be an efficient substitute for BHT (partially or totally) during industrial processes.

Utilization of Diaphragma juglandis extract as a natural antioxidant for improving the oxidative stability of soybean oil during deep frying.

Lipid oxidation significantly shortens the life of frying oils, and this challenge can be addressed by using antioxidants. This work aimed to investigate the effect of Diaphragma juglandis extract (DJE) on the oxidative stability of soybean oil during deep frying. Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and tea polyphenol (TP) were applied as positive controls. A total of 31 polyphenols were determined in DJE, and catechin, quercitrin, taxifolin, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, epicatechin, gallic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were the main components. The antioxidants effectively delayed the degradation of triglycerides and inhibited the increase in the contents of p-anisidine, oxidized triglyceride monomers, triglyceride dimers, and triglyceride oligomers, with DJE exhibiting better performance. Moreover, DJE showed better inhibitory effect on the formation of (E)-2-alkenals, (E,E)-2,4-alkadienals, 4-oxo-alkanals, primary alcohols, and secondary alcohols detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance than TBHQ and TP. Therefore, DJE has great potential as an excellent antioxidant in large-scale industrial applications.

Effect of extraction methods on the efficiency of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit extract in soybean oil quality during accelerated conditions.

Herbal extracts containing natural bioactive substances with numerous beneficial effects have been recently noticed as appropriate alternatives for synthetic food preservatives. In this study, we aimed to optimize the effects of different sumac (Rhus coriaria) fruit extracts (SFE) on oxidative stability of soybean oil under accelerated conditions compared to a synthetic antioxidant. Hydro‐ethanolic extracts (70%) of sumac fruits were prepared by three methods of immersion (I‐SFE), ultrasound (U‐SFE), and microwave (M‐SFE). According to the response surface methodology (RSM), 13 runs were considered in the concentrations of 0, 500, and 1000 ppm of each extract that were added to the soybean oil and stored at 60°C for a 20‐day period. All of the treatments were significantly (p < .05) efficient in preventing the chemical and sensory changes of soybean oil compared to the control in the dose‐dependent manner during storage period. I‐SFE treatment showed the lowest peroxide value (PV) (0.000063 meq (milliequivalents) O2/kg oil), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (115.06 MDA (malondialdehyde)/kg oil), and acid value (0.0169 mg KOH (potassium hydroxide)/kg oil) among the other extracts at the end of the storage period. Furthermore, I‐SFE treatment earned the highest sensory scores (flavor, color, odor, and overall acceptability) of soybean oil in the range of 4–5 in comparison to the other treatments and synthetic antioxidant during storage time. According to the analysis of RSM, I‐SFE in the concentration of 999.998 ppm could optimally enhance the shelf life of soybean oil for 11.3614 days under accelerated conditions. It was concluded that I‐SFE with the same efficiency as synthetic antioxidants can be considered as a suitable alternative in soybean oil with various health benefits.

Effect of Natural Antioxidants from Marigolds (Tagetes erecta L.) on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil.

In recent years, synthetic antioxidants that are widely used in foods have been shown to cause detrimental health effects, and there has been growing interest in antioxidants realised from natural plant extracts. In this study, we investigate the potential effects of natural antioxidant components extracted from the forage plant marigold on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. First, HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to screen and identify potential antioxidant components in marigold. Four main antioxidant components were identified, including quercetagetin-7-O-glucoside (1), quercetagetin (2), quercetin (3) and patuletin (4). Among them, quercetagetin (QG) exhibited the highest content and the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and effectively inhibited the production of oxidation products in soybean oil during accelerated oxidation, as indicated by reductions in the peroxide value (PV) and acid value (AV). Then, the fatty acids and volatile compounds of soybean oil were determined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 108 volatile components, including 16 alcohols, 23 aldehydes, 25 ketones, 4 acids, 15 esters, 18 hydrocarbons, and 7 other compounds, were identified. QG significantly reduced the content and number of aldehydes and ketones, whereas the formation of acids and hydrocarbons was completely prevented. In addition, the fatty acid analysis demonstrated that QG significantly inhibited oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Consequently, QG was identified as a potential, new natural antioxidant that is believed to be safe, effective and economical, and it may have potential for use in plant extracts feed additives.

The effect of rice bran extract on the quality indices, physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of soybean oil blended with various oils

Soybean oil (SBO) is an edible vegetable oil of importance although, prone to degradation owing to its low oxidative stability. Blending of soybean oil with potentially stable oils and incorporation of antioxidants from low-cost resources such as rice bran is a potential channel of improving oil stability. The study evaluated the effect of partial blending (20, 40%) of SBO with sesame oil (SSO) and or cashew nut oil (CNO), the effect of incorporating rice bran extract in oil and exposure to repeated high temperature during use for frying on the physicochemical properties, oxidation parameters, fatty acid profile and color attributes of the oil blends using standard methods. Results showed that blending of soybean oil with either sesame and or cashew nut oil significantly improved the properties and quality of crude soybean oil as shown in the reduced peroxide value, free fatty acid (12.20 meq O2/kg, 12.78% in SBO, 7.90 to 8.90 meq O2/kg, 11.04 to 11.66% in blended oils respectively). Oleic (41.91%) and linoleic acid (15.57%) are the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids in SBO, blending significantly increased their values to 62.41% (SBCS - 60% SBO, 20% SSO, 20% CNO), 63.78% (SBS - 80% SBO, 20% SSO) and 20.03% (SBCS), 21.17% (SBS) respectively in blended oils. Also, inclusion of 500 ppm ethanolic rice bran extract was most appropriate in enhancing the stability of oil. In conclusion, blending of SBO with SSO and or CNO as well as incorporation of rice bran extract to blended oils has potential to reduce oxidative indices and improve thermal stability of composite oil.

Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) essential oil on the oxidative stability of soybean oil

Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) essential oil on the oxidative stability of soybean oil

Effect of Methanolic Extract obtained from Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers. Rhizomes on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil under Thermal Conditions

Effect of Methanolic Extract obtained from Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers. Rhizomes on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil under Thermal Conditions

Optimization of Ethanol Extraction of Rapeseed (Brasica napus L.) by Response Surface Methodology and Comparison of Antioxidant Effect of Extract on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

Optimization of Ethanol Extraction of Rapeseed (Brasica napus L.) by Response Surface Methodology and Comparison of Antioxidant Effect of Extract on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

Investigation of the antioxidant effect of red quinoa ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz) carotenoid extracted on the oxidative stability of soybean oil

The purpose of this work was ultrasound-assisted extraction of red quinoa carotenoid, and antioxidant effect of the purified carotenoid on soybean oil stability was compared with that of commercial carotenoid. Red quinoa carotenoid was extracted using 50 ml ethanol as the solvent in an ultrasonic bath at 45 ± 1°C and 20 kHz for 3 min. After the carotenoid purification, its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil was compared with that of commercial β-carotene during 8 days of storage at 60°C. Peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene value (CV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, and color parameters were measured. 100 mg/kg of the commercial and natural carotenoids was the best concentration to decrease the TBA value during the 8 days of storage, compared with the other concentrations (200 and 300 mg/kg). On the last day, the samples containing 100 mg/kg of the commercial and natural carotenoids had the lowest CV, and TBA value, and lowest PV was in samples containing 200 mg/kg. In addition, the lowest PV (7.8 meq/kg) was obtained on the eighth day, owing to the performance of β-carotene at 200 mg/kg, while the samples free of the carotenoids had the highest PV, CV, and TBA value. The samples containing the commercial antioxidant had higher b* values than those with the natural antioxidant because the commercial β-carotene was yellower than the natural carotenoid. The samples containing the commercial carotenoid had lower a* values than those containing the natural one. Carotenoid extracted from red quinoa could influence the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Practical applications The oxidation of fats and oils can be inhibited by using natural and synthetic antioxidants. Antioxidants, which are considered food additives, are used in the food industry to extend the shelf-life and prevent the oxidation and degradation of edible oils. The legally allowed antioxidants to be used in edible oils are carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol, which are more accepted by consumers than synthetic ones. Red quinoa is a rich source of carotenoids with high antioxidant activity. In this work, high-intensity ultrasound was used as a non-thermal and non-destructive method to improve the extraction rate and efficiency of carotenoids from red quinoa. This technique can be used extensively in the food industry with high economical efficiency.

Antibacterial Activity and Improvement of the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil by 4-Hydroxybenzyl Isothiocyanate from White Mustard Seeds

Antibacterial Activity and Improvement of the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil by 4-Hydroxybenzyl Isothiocyanate from White Mustard Seeds

Blending and Incorporation of Rice Bran Ethanolic Extract Affects Quality Indices, Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

Blending and Incorporation of Rice Bran Ethanolic Extract Affects Quality Indices, Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

Investigation of adding antioxidant compounds extracted from sugar beet leaves by ultrasonic method on oxidative stability of soybean oil

Investigation of adding antioxidant compounds extracted from sugar beet leaves by ultrasonic method on oxidative stability of soybean oil

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction of chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) fruit extract by response surface methodology and and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

optimization of phenolic compounds extraction of chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) fruit extract by response surface methodology and and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil