Oxidative Degradation Of Bisphenol Research Articles

Oxidative degradation of bisphenol A by Bio-Fenton reaction equipped with glucose oxidase and ferric citrate: Degradation kinetics and pathway

The Bio-Fenton reaction was applied to degrade bisphenol A (BPA, 0.1 mM), a commonly used plastic additive, via in-situ produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from glucose oxidase (GOx, 10 U), glucose (32 mM), and Fe(III)-citrate (0.5 mM) at pH 5.3. The reaction produced 0.15–1.1 × 10−16 M of •OH at a steady-state ([•OH]ss), which contributed significantly to BPA degradation. The second-order rate constant (k) for BPA degradation was 1.39–2.38 × 109 M−1 s−1, with 80% degradation of 0.1 mM BPA in 10 days of incubation and the production of hydroxylated intermediates, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, and hydroquinone, which were further filtered into small carboxylic acids via •OH-mediated reactions: hydroxylation, oxidation, scission of the C-C bond between the two BPA aromatic rings, and ring cleavage. Based on the successful application of the Bio-Fenton reaction to the radical scavenger and plastic additive BPA, microorganisms capable of producing H2O2 through diverse oxidase enzymatic systems can be applied to degrade diverse pollutants in environments where ubiquitous Fe(III) with organic iron chelators is present.

Oxidative degradation of bisphenol A in municipal wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) using ferrate(VI)/hydrogen peroxide

The combination of ferrate(VI) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) spiked in municipal wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC). The results showed that the combined Fe(VI) and H2O2 oxidant provided an additive effect to achieve greater degradation efficiencies of BPA in ROC compared to the use of Fe(VI) or H2O2 alone. The degradation efficiency of BPA was studied in detail by assessing the operating conditions, including Fe(VI) dosage, H2O2 dosage, the dosing strategy of Fe(VI) and H2O2, solution pH, and the initial concentration of BPA. It was found that over 99.0% of BPA was degraded (50 µg L−1) by using [Fe(VI)]/[H2O2] at a ratio of 1050:5000 and at pH 8.0. In addition, the degradation was also accompanied by 37.2% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and 94.0% of UV254 reduction. However, when the excess amount of H2O2 was added, it was found that H2O2 started to inhibit the degradation and the degradation efficiency of BPA in ROC lowered. It was also found that the simultaneous addition of Fe(VI) and H2O2 provided satisfactory BPA degradation. Similar degradation efficiency could be achieved by injecting the second oxidant into the system 10 min after adding the first oxidant at time zero. The apparent second-order reaction rate constant (kapp) obtained was 67.9 × 103 M−1 s−1 at a [Fe(VI)]/[H2O2] ratio of 1050:5000. The overall ecotoxicity of the treated water samples as measured by the Microtox bioassay technique decreased after the Fe(VI)/H2O2 treatment, which indicated that an insignificant amount, if not none, toxic degradation by-products was formed by the oxidative action of the Fe(VI)/H2O2 combined oxidant. The use of Fe(VI)/H2O2 as an alternative treatment option of cost-effectiveness than Fe(VI) alone in water and wastewater industries.

Oxidative Degradation of Bisphenol a in Municipal Wastewater Reverse Osmosis Concentrate (Roc) Using Ferrate(Vi) and Hydrogen Peroxide

Oxidative Degradation of Bisphenol a in Municipal Wastewater Reverse Osmosis Concentrate (Roc) Using Ferrate(Vi) and Hydrogen Peroxide

Magnetically separable graphene-based Ni–Fe mixed metal oxide nanocubes derived from a Prussian- blue analogue: synthesis, structure and application in oxidative degradation of bisphenol A

Mixed metal oxide (MMO) nanocubes were prepared by calcining a Ni–Fe Prussian-blue analogue (Ni–Fe PBA) and then uniformly supported on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) through a simple hydrothermal reaction instead of the commonly used etching.

Oxidative degradation of Bisphenol A in aqueous solution using cobalt ion-activated peroxymonosulfate

The degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution by an advanced oxidation process (AOP) involving cobalt ion activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was investigated, in order to optimize the effectiveness of the PMS/Co system for complete mineralization of Bisphenol A in aqueous media. Batch degradation experiments were carried out in a 500 mL capacity quartz reactor under varied conditions of Co2+ ion source, pH, oxidant and catalyst dosage/ratio and time. The effect of humic acid addition on the degradation process was as well assessed. A technique was adapted for monitoring the degradation process by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Results obtained show clearly that Co-activated PMS was very efficient for the degradation of BPA in water, due to action of strongly oxidizing sulfate radical anion (SO4−) and hydroxyl radical (OH). Both CoSO4 and CoCl2 as catalysts yielded complete degradation of BPA under different conditions. The time interval to complete degradation increased for higher BPA concentrations, whereas the trend of degradation rate with pH was pH 5 > pH 9 > pH 7. The presence of humic acid in water hindered the degradation performance of Co/PMS in a time-dependent manner. Quantum chemical computations performed to assess the local reactivity of the BPA molecule and to identify the reactive regions in terms of radical (F) and electrophilic attack (F−), revealed that radical attack would be initiated on the aromatic ring and olefinic double bonds. The present study has revealed that the PMS/Co2+ oxidation process has the capacity to completely remove and mineralize Bisphenol A from aqueous solution.

Simultaneous adsorption and oxidative degradation of Bisphenol A by zero-valent iron/iron carbide nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon matrix

The increased release and accumulation of Bisphenol A (BPA) in contaminated wastewater has resulted in the world wide concerns because of its potential negative effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems. Starting with metal-organic frameworks, we present a simple method to synthesize magnetic porous microcubes (N-doped Fe0/Fe3C@C) with graphitized shell and highly dispersed active kernel via the pyrolysis process under N2 atmosphere. Batch adsorption experimental results showed that N-doped Fe0/Fe3C@C had high adsorption capacity for BPA (∼138 mg g−1 at pH = 7 and 298 K). Degradation of BPA adsorbed on N-doped Fe0/Fe3C@C was further investigated as a function of BPA concentration, persulfate amount, temperature and solution pH. It was found that potassium peroxodisulfate could be activated by N-doped Fe0/Fe3C@C, and a large number of free radicals were generated which was crucial for the degradation of BPA. The concentration of BPA was barely changed in the individual persulfate system. BPA (10 mg L−1) was almost completely degraded within 60 min in the presence of N-doped Fe0/Fe3C@C (∼0.2 g L−1). When the BPA content increased to 25 mg L−1, the removal efficiency of BPA achieved to 98.4% after 150 min. From the XRD, Raman, and XPS analysis, the main adsorption mechanism of BPA was π-π interactions between the π orbital on the carbon basal planes and the electronic density in the BPA aromatic rings. While the superior degradation was attributed to the radical generation and evolution in phenol oxidation. This work not only proved the potential application of N-doped Fe0/Fe3C@C in the adsorption and degradation of BPA, but also opened the new possibilities to eliminate organic pollutants using this kind of magnetic materials in organic pollutants’ cleanup.

Oxidative degradation of Bisphenol A by carbocatalytic activation of persulfate and peroxymonosulfate with reduced graphene oxide.

In the present study, novel metal-free activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was investigated to degrade Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most important endocrine disrupting compounds, from different aqueous matrices, namely distilled water (DW) and municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (TWW). The home-made rGO was characterize and the effect of oxidant (PS and PMS) and catalyst (rGO) concentrations on BPA degradation rates in DW and TWW samples was examined. Complete BPA degradation occurred in DW and TWW with the PS/rGO treatment system after 10 min and 30 min, respectively, whereas 94% (DW) and 83% (TWW) BPA removals were obtained with PMS/rGO for the same treatment period (BPA = 2 mg/L; rGO = 0.02 g/L; PS = 0.25 mM; PMS = 0.5 mM). The radical quenching experiments demonstrated that the SO4- predominated in the activation of PS and PMS with rGO for BPA removal, however, HO contributed to the catalytic oxidation process but to a lower extend. The reusability test results, where the catalyst was deactivated seriously just after second cycle, highlighted the need for further studies to enhance the stability of rGO. This study represented an environmentally benign and efficient oxidative treatment of BPA along with insights into the rGO activated PS or PMS processes.

Degradation of some micro-pollutants from aqueous solutions using ferrate (VI): Physico-chemical studies

ABSTRACTThe aim of this communication is to investigate various physico-chemical parametric studies in the oxidative degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solutions using the ferrate (VI). A wide range of pH (7.0–12.0) and concentrations of BPA/or DCF (0.03–0.5 mmol/L) is studied at a constant concentration of ferrate (VI) 0.1 mmol/L. Apparent rate constant was found to be 8.35 × 102 and 7.62 × 102 L/mol/min, respectively, for BPA and DCF degradation by the ferrate (VI). Further, decreasing the pH from 12.0 to 7.0, the corresponding increase is percentage degradation of BPA and DCF is found to be from 23 to 87% for BPA and from 14 to 41% for DCF, respectively, at the ferrate (VI) to micro-pollutant molar ratio 1:1. Total organic carbon data showed that partial mineralization of BPA/or DCF is achieved at a single operation of ferrate (VI) treatment. Moreover, decreasing the micro-pollutant concentration from 0.5 to 0.03 mmol/L has caused to increase the percentage TOC removal from 15 to 45% (for BPA) and from 10 to 38% (for DCF), respectively, at pH 7.0. The presence of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2HPO4 electrolytes could not affect significantly the oxidation of BPA and DCF by ferrate (VI). However, the presence of NaNO2 and Na2SO3 co-existing ions hampered significantly the degradation of BPA and DCF using ferrate (VI).

Effects of temperature on adsorption and oxidative degradation of bisphenol A in an acid-treated iron-amended granular activated carbon

The present study suggests a combined adsorption and Fenton oxidation using an acid-treated Fe-amended granular activated carbon (Fe-GAC) for effective removal of bisphenol A in water. When the Fe-GAC adsorbs, and is saturated with BPA in water, Fenton oxidation of BPA occurs in the BPA-spent Fe-GAC for regeneration of the GAC. Particularly this study showed temperature as an effective mean to enhance adsorption, desorption, diffusion and Fenton oxidation associated with the adsorption and Fenton oxidation of BPA on the Fe-GAC. The adsorption rates of BPA onto the Fe-GAC were enhanced with increasing temperature mainly due to increase in diffusion of BPA. The estimated thermodynamic parameters associated with adsorption of BPA indicated that the adsorption of BPA onto the Fe-GAC was a spontaneous, exothermic and physical adsorption process. On the other hand, the molar ratio of [H2O2]:[BPA] (36–108H2O2/mol BPA) in the Fenton oxidation of the BPA-spent Fe-GAC led to 91–99% removal of BPA with negligible aromatic products and some soluble organic acids. The oxidation rates of BPA and H2O2 during the Fenton oxidation of the BPA-spent Fe-GAC were drastically enhanced by the factor of 2.5 and 5 when the reaction temperature increased from 293 to 331K, respectively. The comparative analysis of temperature-dependent enhancement in diffusion, desorption and oxidation rates of BPA in Fe-GAC indicated that the BPA oxidation in the Fe-GAC is mainly controlled by diffusive transport of BPA from the Fe-GAC. Besides, the Thiele-modulus analysis clearly supported more significant pore diffusion limitation of H2O2 in the Fe-GAC with increasing temperature and the Fe-GAC particle size.

Oxidative Degradation of Bisphenol A: A Comparison Between Fenton Reagent, UV, UV/H2O2 and Ultrasound

AbstractThe degradation of 40 mg/L (0.175 mM) of Bisphenol A in water has been investigated using four different oxidation processes: Fenton reagent, UV, UV/H

Aromatic intermediate formation during oxidative degradation of Bisphenol A by homogeneous sub-stoichiometric Fenton reaction

The elimination of Bisphenol A (BPA) from contaminated waters is an urgent challenge. This contribution focuses on BPA degradation by homogeneous Fenton reagent based on reactive OH radicals. Pronounced sub-stoichiometric amounts of H 2O 2 oxidant were used to simulate economically viable processes and operation under not fully controlled conditions, as for example in in situ groundwater remediation. Aside from the most abundant benzenediols and the monohydroxylated BPA intermediate (which were detected as stable intermediates in earlier contributions), a wide array of aromatic products in the molecular weight range between 94 Da (phenol) and ∼500 Da could be detected, the overwhelming majority of which have not been reported thus far. The identification was carried out by GC/MS analysis of trimethylsilyl ethers. The structural assignments were confirmed through the use of fully deuterated [ 2H 16] BPA as the substrate, as well as using retention indices calculated on the basis of the increment system. The occurrence of aromatic intermediates larger than BPA, which typically share either a biphenyl- or a diphenylether structure, can be explained by oxidative coupling reactions of stabilized free radicals or by the addition of organoradicals (organocations) onto BPA molecules or benzenediols. The hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical of BPA was recognized to play central role in the degradation pathways. Ring opening products, including lactic, acetic and dicarboxylic acids, could be detected in addition to aromatic intermediates. Since some of those intermediates and products are recalcitrant to further oxidation under the conditions of sub-stoichiometric Fenton reaction, they should be carefully considered when designing and optimizing Fenton-driven remediation systems.

Oxidative Degradation of Bisphenol A by Fruit Homogenates

ABSTRACT: The oxidative degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by several fruit homogenates was investigated. Their homogenates were incubated with BPA at 25 °C for 0 to 120 min, and the acetone extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array detector (200 to 650 nm). The 2 degradation products (UK-1 and UK-2) from BPA were detected on HPLC chromatograms (280 nm). UK-1 and UK-2 were identified to be 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-ydroxyphenyl) propane, (3-OH-BPA) and 4-[1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-isopropyl]benzene-1,2-diol, (3,3′-diOH-BPA), respectively, by HPLC-MassPectrometry (LC-MS). In the process of incubation, the peak of 3-OH-BPA attained the maximum value in the 1st 20 min, and that of 3,3′-diOH-BPA increased more slowly, attaining the maximum in 50 min. On the other hand, incubation of 3-OH-BPA (instead of BPA) with grape homogenates gave the maximum peak of 3,3′-diOH-BPA in only 10 min. 3, 3′-diOH-BPA was a polyphenol compound that contained 4 hydroxyl groups. These results suggested that BPA would be degraded (converted) to brown pigments through the compounds of 3-OH-BPA and 3, 3′-diOH-BPA in some fruit homogenates.

Oxidative degradation of bisphenol a by crude enzyme prepared from potato.

When crude enzymes prepared from some vegetables and fruits were incubated with bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, BPA) at 37 degrees C, BPA was oxidized by crude enzymes from potato, eggplant, and lettuce. The crude enzyme prepared from potato (Solanum tuberosum) had the strongest oxidative activity for BPA. Its optimal temperature and pH were 40-45 degrees C and 8.0, respectively. More than 95% of BPA was oxidized after the incubation with potato enzyme for 60 min. BPA gave two oxidation products besides insoluble compounds during the oxidation by potato enzyme. The oxidation products were identified to be 4[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-benzene-1,2-diol and 4[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol. Enzymatically oxidized BPA lost the estrogen-like activity to enhance the growth of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.