Copper Oxide Research Articles

Flotation activation mechanism of trithiocyanuric acid to malachite

Malachite is a typical refractory copper oxide mineral. In this paper, trithiocyanuric acid (TMT) was used as a novel activator for the activated flotation of malachite for the first time. The effect of TMT on the flotation behavior of malachite was studied and the activation mechanism was discussed. The flotation test results showed that TMT exhibited superior activation performance over sodium sulfide, achieving a high flotation recovery rate of 97.50 % at TMT 90 mg/L and pH 7. The contact angle confirmed malachite improved from 53.3° to 90.1° after TMT treatment, indicating enhanced hydrophobicity of the mineral surface. FTIR and EDS analyses provided clear evidence of chemical adsorption of TMT tautomers onto the malachite surface. SEM images further illustrated the presence of dense particles formed after TMT treatment. XPS revealed that TMT exhibited a strong adsorption effect on malachite, leading to an increase in copper sites and the formation of highly reactive Cu+. The activation mechanism was elucidated as the reaction between Cu sites on malachite and S and N atoms in TMT, forming Cu-S and Cu–N fractions crucial for activation. The high efficiency and low dosage of TMT make it a promising activator for malachite, offering a novel avenue for the effective recovery of malachite-type copper oxide ore resources.

Enhancement of synergistic effects of Cu2O@MnO2@NiO Using Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaf extract for supercapacitor electrode application

In recent times, the global population explosion and growing depletion of fossil fuels have compelled academics and scientists to do extensive research on alternate energy sources and energy storage techniques. A hydrothermal approach was used to create Copper (II) oxide (Cu2O), Manganese oxide (MnO2), Nickel oxide (NiO), and Copper@Manganese@Nickel (Cu2O@MnO2@NiO) oxide composite electrodes. Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaves extract was used equally as a bolstering mediator. According to the Debye-Scherer equation, the crystallites size of different nanoparticles (NPs) were established to be 29.45, 24.22, 26.33 and 20.24 nm for Cu2O, MnO2, NiO, and Cu2O@MnO2@NiO, respectively, based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. According to electrochemical examinations, assessed specific capacitances for Cu2O, MnO2, NiO, and Cu2O@MnO2@NiO obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using 1.00 mV/s scan rates are 785, 955, 825 and 1092 F/g, respectively. The obtained results clearly showed that separate metallic oxides specific capacitances compared with composites specific capacitance using Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaves extract, a biological and natural constituent stands superior. Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaves extract enhanced the synergistic impact between constituents’ ions via lowering electrode resistances, raising electrode conductivity and improving electrode characteristics.

In-situ non destructive investigation of contemporary outdoor bronze sculptures

Indoor investigations are commonly used to assess the causes and extent of damage to bronze artwork and cultural heritage items; however, these methods typically involve destructive sampling and outdoor bronze sculptures are typically heavy and large, hindering their transport. In this study, 16 contemporary bronze sculptures exposed to outdoor environments for a period exceeding 20 years were evaluated in-situ to develop a non-destructive prediction model that can identify types of corrosion and quantify the amount of corrosion on bronze sculptures that cannot be easily transported. The sculptures were classified into three groups according to their patina chromaticity, reflectivity, and chemical composition. The corrosion characteristics were found to be copper oxide and sulfide patinas. Chromaticity and reflectivity investigations revealed that the chemical composition changes of the patinas corresponded to the formation of corrosion products, thus showing a high potential for the identification of the type of corrosion. Portable XRF spectroscopy showed that the low error rate of Cu make its compositional behavior a good indicator in identifying the type of corrosion of sulfide and chloride patinas. Portable Raman spectroscopy was able to detect basic sulfides such as brochantite, antlerite, and cuprite. The corrosion types and corrosion products on the bronze sculptures could be identified using chromaticity and reflectivity, portable X-ray fluorescence, and portable Raman spectroscopy. The rapid insitu diagnosis of these corrosion attributes is expected to contribute to establishing conservation treatment plans in the future.

Synthesis of copper oxide nanoneedles over graphene oxide by sonochemical

Synthesis of copper oxide nanoneedles over graphene oxide by sonochemical

Copper oxide nanoparticles modified electrodes for high-sensitivity detection of uric acid in athletes

This study introduces an innovative electrochemical sensor leveraging copper oxide nanoparticles for detecting uric acid levels in athletes with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Employing a novel synthesis protocol, uniform copper oxide nanoparticles were integrated into a chitosan-glutathione biogel matrix, creating a high-performance sensing electrode. The nanoparticles were extensively characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and XPS techniques, confirming their crystalline structure, morphology, and purity. The average crystallite size was determined to be 18 nm. Electrochemical evaluation of the sensor using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed significantly improved electron transfer kinetics and catalytic activity towards uric acid oxidation. The sensor exhibited a wide linear detection range from 1 μM to 1.2 mM, encompassing both physiological and pathological uric acid levels. Notably, the limit of detection was found to be 0.27 μM, surpassing the performance of most existing metal oxide based uric acid sensors. The sensor also demonstrated excellent anti-interference capability against commonly coexisting species in biological fluids. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the sensor was validated by successfully determining uric acid concentrations in human serum, plasma, and sweat samples, with impressive recovery rates ranging from 96% to 102%. The stability, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness of the developed sensor make it a promising tool for routine health monitoring and early intervention in athletes, facilitating personalized training and preventing complications associated with uric acid imbalances. The present work offers a significant advancement in non-invasive, reliable, and efficient assessment of uric acid, with potential for widespread implementation in sports medicine and general healthcare.

Electrochemiluminescence quenching effect of Cu2O towards flower-like ferric ion-doped g-C3N4 and its application for Cyfra21-1 immunosensing

In this article, ferric ion-doped floral graphite carbon nitride (Fe–CN-3, energy donor) was used to construct the substrate of the immunosensor and copper oxide nanocubes (Cu2O, energy acceptor) were taken as an efficient ECL quenching probe. A sandwich quench electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra21-1) detection was preliminarily developed based on a novel resonant energy transfer donor-acceptor pair. Fe–CN-3, a carbon nitride that combines the advantages of metal ion doping as well as morphology modulation, is used in ECL luminophores to provide more excellent ECL performance, which makes a significant contribution to the application and development of carbon nitride in the field of ECL biosensors. The regular shape, high specific surface area and excellent biocompatibility of the quencher Cu2O nanocubes facilitate the labeling of secondary antibodies and the construction of sensors. Meanwhile, as an energy acceptor, the UV absorption spectrum of Cu2O can overlap efficiently with the energy donor's ECL emission spectrum, making it prone to the occurrence of ECL-RET and thus obtaining an excellent quenching effect. These merits of the donor-acceptor pair enable the sensor to have a wide detection range of 0.00005–100 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 17.4 fg/mL (S/N = 3), which provides a new approach and theoretical basis for the clinical detection of lung cancer.

Novel in situ synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles in epoxy network: kinetics, composite mechanical and dielectric properties

Novel in situ synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles in epoxy network: kinetics, composite mechanical and dielectric properties

Assessment of skin sensitization potential of zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, and copper oxide nanoparticles through the local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-deoxyuridine flow cytometry method

ABSTRACT The advent of nanotechnology has significantly spurred the utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) across diverse sectors encompassing industry, agriculture, engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Metallic oxides including zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), manganese oxide (Mn2O3), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), in their NP forms, have become prevalent in cosmetics and various dermal products. Despite the expanding consideration of these compounds for dermal applications, their potential for initiating skin sensitization (SS) has not been comprehensively examined. An in vivo assay, local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-flow cytometry method (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) recognized as an alternative testing method for screening SS potential was used to address these issues. Following the OECD TG 442B guidelines, NPs suspensions smaller than 50 nm size were prepared for ZnO and Al2O3 at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50%, and Mn2O3 and CuO at concentrations of 5, 10, and 25%, and applied to the dorsum of each ear of female BALB/c mice on a daily basis for 3 consecutive days. Regarding the prediction of test substance to skin sensitizer if sensitization index (SI)≥2.7, all 4 NPs were classified as non-sensitizing. The SI values were below 2.06, 1.33, 1.42, and 0.99 for ZnO, Al2O3, Mn2O3, and CuO, respectively, at all test concentrations. Although data presented were negative with respect to adverse SS potential for these 4 NPs, further confirmatory tests addressing other key events associated with SS adverse outcome pathway need to be carried out to arrive at an acceptable conclusion on the skin safety for both cosmetic and dermal applications.

Cocos nucifera-mediated electrochemical synthesis and coating of CuO/ZnO nanostructures on Fe ship strips for marine application

ABSTRACT Copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nanostructures) were synthesized using a greener electrochemical approach using Cocos nucifera (Coir) extract and deposited on Fe ship strip (FSS). These corrosion inhibitor films were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, Raman Spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and TGA analysis. An electrochemical corrosion test was performed for the coated samples with 3.5% NaCl as electrolyte and compared with uncoated samples. The corrosion rate was tested using the Tafel slope and the interpolation between the log of current and voltage proves that the corrosion rate in the CuO-coated sample was lower than that of the ZnO-coated sample which can be attributed to the porosity of the ZnO film showing 0.8–0.95 P/P0 as observed for 6 cm2 as inferred from BET analysis. The Nyquist plot suggests the corrosion inhibition rate of the CuO-coated film in 3.5% NaCl is improved by a factor of 3 compared to the uncoated sample (0.9 mA/year for FSS where for the CuO-coated samples 0.3 mA/year). The result of the antifouling behavior of CuO/ZnO coatings using the BIOVIA simulation tool showed the repulsion of homology-modeled protein Aacp20k, an attachment protein found in Amphibalanus Amphitrite which is a most prominent foul species.

New lead barium borate glass system for radiation shielding applications: impacts of copper (II) oxide on physical, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties

Abstract The current work seeks to develop a novel CuO-doped lead calcium barium borate glass using the melt quenching method at 1100 °C. There was a 3.91–4.49 g/cm3 change in the fabricated glasses’ density, with a respective 0–15 mol.% increase in the CuO concentration. Additionally, substituting CuO for B2O3 reduced the fabricated glasses mechanical properties due to the decreased dissociation energy between 63.99 and 60.50 kcal/cm3, and the packing factor decreased between 15.22 and 13.23 cm3/mol. Through increasing the fabricated glasses’ CuO concentration, there was a decrease in the bulk, longitudinal, shear, and mechanical Young moduli. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulation (energy interval: 0.033–2.506 MeV) was employed to evaluate the fabricated glasses’ ability to shield gamma rays. A 0–15 mol.% increase in the CuO concentration raised the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) between 14.081 and 16.797 cm−1 (0.059 MeV), 0.325–0.371 cm−1 (0.662 MeV), and 0.154–0.176 cm−1 (2.506 MeV). The LAC enhancement reduced the required half value thickness of the fabricated glasses by 16.2 %, 12.53 %, and 12.85 % at the of 0.059, 0.662, and 2.506 MeV gamma ray energies.

Thickness dependence of the room-temperature ethanol sensor properties of Cu2O polycrystalline films

This study investigates the fabrication process of copper thin films via thermal evaporation, with precise control over film thickness achieved through Z-position adjustment. Analysis of the as-fabricated copper films reveals a discernible relationship between grain size (〈D〉) and Z-position, characterized by a phenomenological equation 〈D〉XRDn(Z)=〈D〉0n1+32rZ2+158rZ4 , which is further supported by a growth exponent (n) of 0.41 obtained from the analysis. This value aligns well with findings in the literature concerning the growth of copper films, thus underlining the validity and reliability of our experimental outcomes. The resulting crystallites, ranging in size from 20 to 26 nm, exhibit a resistivity within the range of 3.3–4.6 μΩ · cm. Upon thermal annealing at 200 °C, cuprite Cu2O thin films are produced, demonstrating crystallite sizes ranging from ∼9 to ∼24 nm with increasing film thickness. The observed monotonic reduction in Cu2O crystallites relative to film thickness is attributed to a recrystallization process, indicating amorphization when oxygen atoms are introduced, followed by the nucleation and growth of newly formed copper oxide phase. Changes in the optical bandgap of the Cu2O films, ranging from 2.31 to 2.07 eV, are attributed mainly to the quantum confinement effect, particularly important in Cu2O with size close than the Bohr exciton diameter (5 nm) of the Cu2O. Additionally, correlations between refractive index and extinction coefficient with film thickness are observed, notably a linear relationship between refractive index and charge carrier density. Electrical measurements confirm the presence of a p-type semiconductor with carrier concentrations of ∼1014 cm−3, showing a slight decrease with film thickness. This phenomenon is likely attributed to escalating film roughness, which introduces supplementary scattering mechanisms for charge carriers, leading to a resistivity increase, especially as the roughness approaches or surpasses the mean free path of charge carriers (8.61 nm). Moreover, ab-initio calculations on the Cu2O crystalline phase to investigate the impact of hydrostatic strain on its electronic and optical properties was conducted. We believe that our findings provide crucial insights that support the elucidation of the experimental results. Notably, thinner cuprite films exhibit heightened sensitivity to ethanol gas at room temperature, indicating potential for highly responsive gas sensors, particularly for ethanol breath testing, with significant implications for portable device applications.

Balancing Risks versus Benefits: Vitamin C Therapy versus Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity in Albino Rats' Submandibular Salivary Gland.

This study aimed to examine the suppressive effect of the natural antioxidant vitamin C (VC) against submandibular gland toxicity induced by copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). Three groups of 30 mature male albino rats (4 weeks old) weighing between 150 and 200 g were selected. The rats were randomly assigned for 6 weeks to receive: intraperitoneal injection (IP) of vehicle (control group); IP of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) of CuO-NPs (CuO-NPs group); and IP of 2.5 mg/kg bw of CuO-NPs, combined with a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg bw of VC in drinking water via gavage (CuO-NPs/VC group). The rats were euthanized, and their submandibular glands were dissected for histological evaluation, including hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and caspase-3. The area expression for Ki-67 and caspase-3 was statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism. Following analysis of variance analysis, Tukey's post hoc was used for multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. CuO-NPs caused significant cytotoxic effects on submandibular salivary gland cells in albino rats. This led to an increase in Ki-67 and caspase-3 levels compared with the control group. VC administration improved tissue histology and reduced Ki-67 and caspase-3 levels in the VC/CuO-NPs group compared with rats treated with CuO-NPs alone. The study revealed significant cytotoxic effects of CuO-NPs on the submandibular salivary gland of albino rats. VC effectively mitigated these toxic effects, suggesting its potential as a readily available antioxidant.

Iron Oxide–Copper Mineral Associations in Supergene Zones: Insights into Flotation Challenges and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Iron Oxide–Copper Mineral Associations in Supergene Zones: Insights into Flotation Challenges and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Synthesis, Structural Investigations, and Dielectric Properties of Irradiated Flexible Polymeric Composite Films

Abstract In this research, the casting solution manufacturing approach was used to mix polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and copper oxide (CuO) to create the composite (PVA/CuO). X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to record the successful fabrications of the composites. Next, argon ion beams at fluencies of 2.5x1017, 5x1017, and 7.5x1017 ions.cm-2 were used to irradiate the composites. In frequencies of 50 Hz to 6 MHz, the dielectric characteristics of PVA/CuO were modified by the ion irradiation. The dielectric constant was enhanced from 39 for unmodified PVA/CuO to 356 for the irradiated composite by 7.5x1017 ions.cm-2, and the conductivity changed from 0.05x10-6 S/cm to 2.9x10-6 S/cm. However, the potential barrier decreased from 0.24 eV for PVA/CuO to 0.21, 0.16, and 0.15 eV, respectively, for 2.5x1017, 5x1017, and 7.5x1017 ions.cm-2, and the relaxation time decreased from 9.36x10-8 sec for PVA/CuO, to 6.58x10-8 sec for 7.5x1017 ions.cm-2. The results indicate that the irradiated PVA/CuO nanocomposite can be used in a number of devices such as capacitors and batteries.

Two-phase Hybrid Thermal Interface Alkali-treated E-Glass Fiber/MWCNT/Graphene/Copper Oxide Nanocomposites for Electronic Gadgets.

Two-phase hybrid mode thermal interface materials were created and characterized for mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and wear behaviour. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this current research was to use alkali-treated glass fibre and other allotropes to produce high-performance two-phase thermal interface materials. Three different polymer composites were prepared to contain 20 vol.% alkalies [NaOH] treated e-glass fibre [E] and epoxy as a matrix with varying proportions of multi-walled carbon nanotube [MWCNT], graphene [G], copper oxide [C]. The one-phase material contained epoxy+20%e-glass+1%MWCNT [EMGC1], the two-phase hybrid composite contained epoxy+20%e-glass+1%MWCNT+1%graphene+1%CuO [EMGC2], and two-phase material contained epoxy+20%e-glass+1%graphene+1%CuO [EMGC3]. Vacuum bagging method was used for fabricating the composites. The higher thermal conductivity observed was 0.3466 W/mK for EMGC2, the alkali-treated glass fibre/hybrid mode nanofillers epoxy matrix composite was mechanically tougher than the other two composites [EMGC1 & EMGC3]. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the fine filler dispersion and homogenous interaction with the glass fibre/epoxy resin composite of the upper and lower zone, which also revealed the defective zone, fibre elongation, fibre/filler breakages, and filler leached surfaces. Finally, it was concluded that the hybrid mode two-phased structure EMGC2 epoxy matrix composite replicated the maximum thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and wear properties of the other two specimens.

Numerical Study on Mechanical Behavior and Electromechanical Properties of Solder-Jointed REBCO-Coated Conductors

As the second-generation high-temperature superconducting conductors, rare earth–barium–copper–oxide (REBCO) coated conductor (CC) tapes have good potential as high-field and high-energy superconductors. In superconducting applications, several joints are required for conjugating comparatively short REBCO CC tapes. Soldering lap joints are the simplest and most commonly applied REBCO CC joints. In addition to joint resistance, the mechanical behavior and electromechanical properties are also crucial for superconducting applications. In this paper, the electromechanical properties and mechanical behaviors of soldering lap joints at 77 K under a self-field were studied. The mechanical behavior was addressed by using a full three-dimensional multilayer elastic–plastic finite element model (FEM) with REBCO CC tape main layers and solder connecting layers. Then, the electromechanical properties were analyzed by using Gao’s strain-Ic degradation general model on the basis of the FEM results. Both the mechanical behavior and electromechanical properties were verified by experimental results. The effects of soldering lap conditions including lap length, soldering thickness and lap style on the electromechanical properties and mechanical behaviors were discussed. The results indicate that shorter overlap lengths and a thinner solder can reduce the premature degradation of Ic due to stress concentrations nearby the joint edges; moreover, the irreversible critical strain is significantly higher in the back-to-back joint approach compared to the widely used face-to-face joint approach.

Triggering C‒N Coupling on Metal Oxide Nanocomposite for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and NOx⁻ to Formamide

AbstractThe co‐electroreduction of CO2 and NOx⁻ (NO3⁻/NO2⁻) to generate formamide (HCONH2) offers an opportunity for downstream chemical and polymer manufacturing decarbonization; however, significant challenges lie in the C‒N coupling and the associated low product selectivity. Herein, p‐block metal oxides are incorporated in copper oxides to provide more accessible active sites for reactant adsorption and activation, tuning the reaction selectivity toward the formamide production. Through in situ Raman and synchrotron‐based infrared spectroscopy measurements, C─N bond formation is demonstrated in real‐time with the CuOx/BiOx catalyst, where the C─N bond is detected via a *CHO and *NH2 intermediates formation, in agreement with the density functional theory calculations. When tested in a flow electrolyzer, a formamide yield rate of 134 ± 11 mmol h−1 gcat−1 is reported, the first report of co‐electroreduction of CO2 and NOx⁻ to formamide beyond conventional H‐cell measurements. These new insights on the C‒N coupling mechanisms and scale‐up capability provide directions for further development of electrocatalysts for the formamide production.

Physiochemical and electrical activities of nano copper oxides synthesised via hydrothermal method utilising natural reduction agents for solar cell application

Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the potential compatibility of copper oxide nano-powders synthesised via hydrothermal method for solar cell applications by triggering a reaction between copper acetate and various reducing agents derived from natural resources, including Arabic gum, molasses, starch, and vinegar. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline phases of the synthesised materials, indicating the successful synthesis of copper oxide material, which was confirmed by identifying patterns that matched specific copper oxide phases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to analyse the molecular vibrations and chemical compounds present in the reducing agents. The reducing properties of the selected materials and their capacity to convert copper acetate into copper oxide were validated. Field-emission microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses of the synthesised copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) revealed variations in particle size and morphology. These variations were dependent on the particular reducing agent utilised during synthesis. Moreover, the carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity were evaluated as the electrical properties of the spin-coated copper oxide thin films. Hall effect analysis determined that the choice of reducing agent significantly influenced the carrier concentration (n) and mobility (µ) of the films. Remarkably, nano copper oxide films synthesised using starch exhibited irregular spherical grains with porous surfaces. Starch-synthesised samples showed the highest conductivity of n = 1.2 × 1019 cm−3 when compared with those synthesised with other reducing agents. This suggests that the porous surfaces in the starch-synthesised films may have contributed to their enhanced conductivity compared to films synthesised with alternative reducing agents. In summary, the findings emphasised the influence of the reducing agent on the size, morphology, and electrical conductivity of the copper oxide NPs.

RETRACTED: Raya et al. Synthesis, Characterization and Photodegradation Studies of Copper Oxide–Graphene Nanocomposites. Coatings 2021, 11, 1452

The Coatings Editorial Office retracts the article, “Synthesis, Characterization and Photodegradation Studies of Copper Oxide–Graphene Nanocomposites” [...]

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Ligustrum lucidum extract, and the antioxidant and antifungal evaluation

Abstract Biosynthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extract is an inexpensive, simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly approach to obtaining nanoparticles for biological applications. Herein, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were successfully synthesized using an aqueous extract from Ligustrum lucidum leaves. The structural, optical, and morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer, transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Nanocrystalline CuO with an average crystalline size of 22.0 nm and a band gap energy of 1.4 eV were confirmed from the XRD and UV vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Morphological studies showed spherical nanoparticles, whose particle size estimation (30±5 nm) agrees with the crystalline size deduced from the XRD pattern. A free radical scavenging activity of the CuO nnanoparticles, evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenhyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, showed that it exhibited high antioxidant activity (IC50: 63.35 µg/mL) that is concentration dependent. Antifungal evaluation using four different fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Trichoderma harzianum) indicated a direct relationship between the potency of the particles and their concentration, with 1 ppm solution exhibiting the highest potency. The green synthesized CuO-NPs using Ligustrum lucidum may be potentially used as an antioxidant and antifungal agent for therapeutic applications.