Oxidation Current Density Of Polymer Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of an ionic conjugated polymer: poly[2-ethynyl-N-(2-furoyl)pyridinium chloride

A new ionic polyacetylene derivative with furoyl substituents was prepared by the uncatalyzed polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by using 2-furoyl chloride in high yield. The polymer structure was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies to have a polyacetylene backbone system with the N-(2-furoyl)pyridinium chloride. The electro-optical and electrochemical properties of poly[2-ethynyl-N-(2-furoyl)pyridinium chloride [PEFPC] were studied. The photoluminescence spectrum showed that the PL peak is at 578 nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.15 eV. The cyclovoltammograms of PEFPC exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors between the oxidation and reduction peaks. The oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates is approximately linear relationship in the range of 30 mV/sec-150 mV/sec. It was found that the kinetics of redox process is controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the oxidation current density of PEFPC versus the scan rates.

Uncatalyzed synthesis and characterization of a water-soluble polyacetylene: poly[2-ethynyl-N-(propylsulfonate)pyridinium betaine

A new ionic conjugated polymer was prepared by the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine with the ring-opening of 1,3-propanesultone without any additional initiator or catalyst. This polymer was characterized by various instrumental methods to have conjugated polymer backbone system with pendant N-propylsulfonate functional groups. The photoluminescence spectrum of polymer showed that the PL peak is located at 552 nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.25 eV. The cyclovoltammograms of polymer exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors between the oxidation and reduction peaks. The oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates is approximately linear relationship in the range of 30-120 mV/sec. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process is almost controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates.

Conjugated organic polymer from the uncatalyzed polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine via the ring-opening of 1,3-propandiol cyclic sulfate

A new ionic conjugated polymer was synthesized via the uncatalyzed polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by the ring-opening of 1,3-propandiol cyclic sulfate. The polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by using 1,3-propandiol cyclic sulfate proceed well in homogeneous manner even at the mild reaction conditions to give a high yield (83%) of polymer. The polymer structure was characterized by various instrumental methods to have conjugated polymer backbone with the designed substituents. This betaine polymer was soluble in polar orgainc solvents. The photoluminescence spectrum of polymer showed that the PL peak is located at 525nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.36eV. The cyclovoltammograms of polymer exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors between the oxidation and reduction peaks. The oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates is approximately linear relationship in the range of 30–120mV/s. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer is almost controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates.

Synthesis and Properties of a Water-Soluble Ionic Conjugated Polymer with Carboxylic Acids

A new water-soluble ionic conjugated polymer, poly[N-(carboxymethyl)-2-ethynylpyridinium bromide], was prepared by the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by using bromoacetic acid. This polymerization proceeded well in mild reaction conditions without any additional initiator or catalyst. The polymer structure was characterized by various instrumental methods to have a conjugated polymer backbone system with the designed functional groups. The photoluminescence spectrum of polymer showed that the PL peak is located at 603 nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.06 eV. The cyclovoltammograms of polymer exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors between the oxidation and reduction peaks. The oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates is approximately linear relationship in the range of 30 mV/sec-150 mV/sec. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer is almost controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates.

Uncatalyzed Synthesis and Properties of Polyacetylene with N-Pentylpyridinium Iodide

Uncatalyzed synthesis of a new ionic conjugated polymer, poly(3-ethynyl-N-pentylpyridinium iodide) [P3EPPI] was performed by the activated polymerization of 3-ethynylpyridine using 1-iodopentane. The polymerization proceeded in homogeneous manner to provide a moderate yield of polymer. The polymer structure was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR (1H- and 13C-), IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies to have a conjugated polymer backbone system having N-pentyl-3-pyridinium iodide as substituents. The photoluminescence maximum peak of P3EPPI was located at 534 nm, which corresponds to the photon energy of 2.32 eV. The cyclovoltamograms of polymer exhibited the electrochemically stable window at the −1.53∼1.50 V region. The kinetics of the redox process of P3EPPI was found to be mainly controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.

Synthesis and Properties of Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) with Sulfobetaine Moieties

A new ionic polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) [PVPS] with pendant sulfobetaine moieties was prepared by the polymeric reaction of PVPS and 1,4-butanaesultone. The polymer structure was characterized by various instrumental methods to have PVPS backbone system with the designed sulfobetaine moieties. The cyclovoltammograms of this ionic polymer showed irreversible oxidation and reversible reduction response properties in a polymer unit. The plot of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate showed approximately a linear relationship in the range of 30 mV/sec ∼150 mV/sec. The exponent of scan rate, when we apply power law to our data, was found to be 0.53.

Synthesis and Properties of Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) with Pendant Azobenzonitrile Moieties

A new ionic polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) [PVPS] with pendant azobenzonitrile moieties was prepared by the polymeric reaction of PVPS and 4-[4-(8-bromooctyloxy)phenylazo]benzonitrile. The polymer structure was characterized by various instrumental methods to have a PVPS backbone system with the designed azobenzonitrile moieties. The electrochemical and electro-optical properties were studied. The polymer showed two oxidation and reduction response properties in a polymer unit and two electrochemical processes were included in the irreversible redox steps. The plot of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate showed approximately a linear relationship in the range of 30 mV/sec 150 mV/sec. The exponent of scan rate, when we apply power law to our data, was found to be 0.35. The absorption spectrum showed a characteristic absorption peak at 365 nm.

Synthesis and properties of an ionic polyacetylene by the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine with the ring-opening of propiolactone

A new ionic polyacetylene was prepared by the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine with the ring-opening of β-propiolactone without any additional initiator or catalyst. The polymerization proceed well in homogeneous manner even at the mild reaction conditions to give a high yield of polymer (86%). The chemical structure of polymer was characterized by various instrumental methods to have polyacetylene polymer backbone with (N-propionate)pyridium substituents. This zwitterionic polymer was soluble in such polar protic solvents as water, methanol, DMF, DMSO, N,N-dimethylacetamide, or organic acids capable of hydrogen bonding with the propionate anion. The electrical conductivity of iodine-doped ionic polyacetylene was 3.4 × 10 −3 S/cm. The photoluminescence spectrum of polymer showed that the PL peak is located at 490 nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.53 eV. The cyclovoltammograms of polymer exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors between the oxidation and reduction peaks. The oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates is approximately linear relationship in the range of 30–120 mV/s. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer is almost controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rates.

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Ionic Conjugated Polyacetylene

A water-soluble ionic conjugated polymer with pyridyl functional groups, poly(2-ethynyl-N-pentylpyridinium iodide)[PEPPI] was synthesized via the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine using 1-iodopentane without any additional initiator or catalyst. The polymerization proceeded well to provide a high yield of polymer. The polymer structure was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR (1H- and 13C-), IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies to have a conjugated polymer backbone system having N-pentylpyridinium iodide as substituents. The photoluminescence maximum peak of PEPPI was located at 583 nm, which corresponds to the photon energy of 2.13 eV. The cyclovoltamograms of polymer exhibited the electrochemically stable window at the −1.54∼1.54 V region. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of PEPPI are mainly controlled by the reactant diffusion process based on the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.

Synthesis and Properties of an Ionic Polyacetylene with 3rd Generation Dendritic Moieties

A new ionic conjugated polyacetylene with 3rd generation dendritic benzyl moieties was easily prepared by the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by using 3rd generation dendritic benzyl bromide. The chemical structure of polymer was characterized by various instrumental methods to have the ionic conjugated polymer system bearing 3rd generation dendritic benzyl moieties. The photoluminescence spectra of polymer showed that the photoluminescence peak is located at 516 nm, corresponding to a photon energy of 2.41 eV. The cyclovoltamograms of this polymer exhibited reversible electrochemical behaviors between the doping and undoping peaks. The kinetics of the redox process of this polymer was found that it is almost controlled by the diffusion process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.

Synthesis and properties of an ionic polyacetylene with norbornene moieties

New conjugated ionic polymer with the pendent norborene moieties was prepared by the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by using 5-[(5-bromopenthoxy)methyl]-2-norborene without any additional initiator or catalyst. This polymerization proceeded well in the mild reaction condition to give a high yield of polymer (polymer yield: 90%). The chemical structure of poly{2-ethynyl-N-[(5-norborenylmethoxy)pentyl]pyridinium bromide} (PENPPB) was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR ( 1H and 13C), IR, UV–vis spectroscopies, and elemental analysis to have the conjugated polymer backbone bearing norbornyl moieties. The photoluminescence maximum peak of polymer was located at 519 nm, which corresponds to the photon energy of 2.39 eV. The norbornyl substituents within the polyacetylene-based polymers shifted PL maximum values because substituent size affects the molecule arrangement. The cyclovoltammograms of polymer exhibited the electrochemically stable window at −1.6 to 2.3 V region. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer might be mainly controlled by the electron transfer process based on the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.

Preparation, Structural and Spectral Properties of Poly(2-ethynylbenzyl alcohol)

A hydroxy group-containing polyacetylene, poly(2-ethynylbenzyl alcohol)[poly(EBA)] was prepared by the polymerization of 2-ethynylbenzyl alcohol by using various transition metal catalysts. This polymerization proceeded in somewhat mild manner to give in moderate yield. The instrumental analysis data on the chemical structure of poly(EBA) indicated that the present polymer have a conjugated polymer backbone system with the designed substituents. The photoluminescence peak of polymer was observed at 525 nm, which is corresponded to the photon energy of 2.36 eV and the band gap of poly(EBA) was 2.38 eV. The cyclovoltamograms of the polymer exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of this conjugated polymer might be mainly controlled by the diffusion process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.

Synthesis and characterization of an ionic conjugated polymer: Poly[2‐ethynyl‐N‐(2‐thiophenecarbonyl) pyridinium chloride

AbstractThe activated polymerization of 2‐ethynylpyridine by using 2‐thiophenecarbonyl chloride yielded the corresponding conjugated ionic polymer, poly[2‐ethynyl‐N‐(2‐thiophenecarbonyl)pyridinium chloride] (PETCPC). The polymerization proceeded well to give high yield of polymer without any additional initiator or catalyst. The instrumental analysis data on polymer structure indicated that the present ionic polymer have a conjugated polymer backbone system having N‐(2‐thiophenecarbonyl)pyridinium chloride as substituents. The photoluminescence maximum peak of PETCPC was located at 573 nm, which corresponds to the photon energy of 2.16 eV. The aromatic functional substituents in the conjugated backbone system shift PL maximum values because it makes different molecule arrangement. The cyclovoltamograms of PETCPC exhibited the electrochemically stable window at −1.24 to 1.80 V region. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer might be controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6153–6162, 2009

Electrochemical Properties of a Self-Dopable Ionic Conjugated Polymer: Poly[2-ethynyl-N-(4-sulfobutyl)pyridinium betaine

The electrochemical properties of a self-dopable conjugated polymer, poly[2-ethynyl-N-(4-sulfobutyl)pyridinium betaine] (PESPB) were studied. PESPB was prepared by the polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine with the ring-opening of 1,4-butanesultone in high yield. The cyclovoltamograms of this polymer exhibited reversible electrochemical behaviors between the doping and undoping peaks. The kinetics of the redox process of this polymer was found that it is almost controlled by the diffusion process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of polymer showed that the photoluminescence peak is located at 511 nm, corresponding to a photon energy of 2.43 eV.

Electro-Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Poly(2-ethynylpyridine)

The electro-optical and electrochemical properties of poly(2-ethynylpyridine) was studied and discussed. Poly(2-ethynylpyridine) was prepared by the polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine by using the catalyst of WCl6-EtAlCl2. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the polymer showed that the photoluminescence peak is located at 581 nm, corresponding to a photon energy of 2.14 eV. The cyclic voltamograms of polymer exhibited reversible electrochemical behaviors between the doped and undoped peaks. The kinetics of the redox process of polymer was controlled by the diffusion process from the experiment plotting the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.

Electro-optical and electrochemical properties of an conjugated cyclopolymer: Poly(9,9-dipropargylfluorene)

The conjugated cyclopolymer, poly(9,9-dipropargylfluorene), was prepared by the ring-forming polymerization of 9,9-dipropargylfluorene by (bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene)dichloropalladium(II) in high yield. The chemical structure of poly(9,9-dipropargylfluorene) was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR ( 1H, 13C), IR, UV–vis spectroscopies, and elemental analysis to have the conjugated polymer backbone bearing fluorene moieties. Poly(9,9-dipropargylfluorene) showed characteristic UV–vis absorption band at 307 and 324 nm and violet-blue PL spectrum at 411 nm, corresponding to a photon energy of 3.01 eV. The cyclic voltamograms of the polymer exhibited reversible electrochemical behaviors between the doped and undoped peaks. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer is controlled by the diffusion process mixed with the electron transfer process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer vs. the scan rate.

Electro-Optical and Electrochemical Properties of a Conjugated Polymer Prepared by the Cyclopolymerization of Diethyl Dipropargylmalonate

The electro-optical and electrochemical properties of poly(diethyl dipropargylmalonate) were measured and discussed. Poly(diethyl dipropargylmalonate) prepared by (NBD)PdCl2catalyst was used for study. The chemical structure of poly(diethyl dipropargylmalonate) was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR (1H-,13C-), IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies to have the conjugated cyclopolymer backbone system. The microstructure analysis of polymer revealed that this polymer have the six-membered ring moieties majorly. The photoluminescence peak of polymer was observed at 543 nm, which is corresponded to the photon energy of 2.51 eV. The cyclovoltamograms of the polymer exhibited the irreversible electrochemical behaviors between the doping and undoping peaks. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of this conjugated cyclopolymer might be controlled by the diffusion-control process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Poly[N-(6-azidohexyl)-2-ethynylpyridinium tetraphenylborate

Poly[N-(6-azidohexyl)-2-ethynylpyridinium tetraphenylborate] (PAHEP-TPB) was prepared by the ion exchange reaction of the precursor polymer, poly[N-(6-azidohexyl)-2-ethynylpyridinium iodide], by using sodium tetraphenylborate in methanol. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of polymer showed that the photoluminescence peak is located at 599 nm, corresponding to a photon energy of 2.07 eV. The cyclic voltamograms of the polymer exhibited reversible electrochemical behaviors between the doped and undoped peaks. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of PAHEP-TPB is controlled by the diffusion process mixed with the electron transfer process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.