Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Research Articles

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for improving hope and happiness in men with visual impairment

Hope and happiness are positive emotions that affect an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior. These two variables also affect different aspects of an individual’s life such as physical health, lifespan, academic performance, socialization process, creative thinking, problem-solving ability, and mental health. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in improving hope and happiness in visually impaired people. Employing a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design with a control group, this study sought to examine the degree of the effectiveness of MBSR therapy in improving hope and happiness in visually impaired people. The participants were selected from all visually impaired men aged 20 and 40 living in Tehran in 2023, who were supported by the State Welfare Organization of Iran and were members of the White Cane Society. A total of 40 visually impaired people were selected as the participants and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (each with 20 members). The data were collected using Snyder’s Adult Hope Scale (1991) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ; 1990). The participants in the intervention group attended eight 90-min MBSR intervention sessions once a week. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The mean hope scores in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages were 20 ± 3.28 and 25.53 ± 3.138, respectively. The mean happiness scores in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages were 66.86 ± 5.91 and 75.93 ± 4.47, respectively (mean difference = 75.93 – 66.86). The findings showed that MBSR was effective in improving hope ( F = 32.7; p = .01) and happiness ( F = 45.86; p < .001) in men with visual impairment. As a result, MBSR can be considered an effective intervention to enhance happiness and hope while reducing the psychological complications associated with visual impairment in affected individuals.

Impact of Gratitude on Happiness among Undergraduates Students

The present study aimed at assessing the effect of gratitude on happiness among undergraduate students. The sample comprised 90 students from 3 different streams (30 Art, 30 Science and 30 commerce students) of Agra district. The sample was selected ranging between the age of 16 to 20 years. The sample was selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The Oxford happiness questionnaire by Peter Hills & Michael Argyle was used to assess the happiness of students. The gratitude scale by Mohammed Anas, Hussain, Mohammad Khan was used to measure gratitude. The data was analyzed through linear regression analysis. The results revealed that there is no significant relationship between gratitude and happiness among arts, science and commerce students.

Factor structure and validation of the electronic form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in patients with COVID-19

Background and Objectives: Background and Aim: Validity Scale Validation can help identify coronavirus disease patients; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validation of the electronic form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study is instrumental psychometrics that the statistical population includes all patients in 19 cases in Tehran. The number of samples was determined based on psychometric criteria to be 100 for the predictive validity section and 251 for the convergence validity section. Samples were selected by cluster sampling. Research data were collected electronically through two questionnaires of happiness (Oxford) and happiness of positive psychological characteristics by sending the questionnaire link to the participants' mobile phones. To evaluate the validity of the scale, content validity, convergence, and factor analysis methods were used. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency methods and class reliability. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made questionnaire consists of three factors and has good validity and reliability. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the three-factor model. This questionnaire was administered along with the short form of the Oxford Happiness Scale, which had 13 items of good reliability and validity. Conclusion: The Oxford Happiness Scale in COVID-19 patients can be used to assess happiness in COVID-19 patients.

Enhancing Subjective Well-Being in Taiwanese University Students Through an Eight-Week Mindfulness-Based Program: A Pilot Study

While mindfulness has demonstrated extensive benefits across diverse populations, research on its integration as a formal course and its effects on subjective well-being (SWB), particularly among Taiwanese university students, remains limited. This pilot study examined changes in SWB among 85 Taiwanese university students (61 males, 24 females) following an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Life (MBCT-L) course. Participants included 38 lower-grade (pre-internship) and 47 senior (post-internship) students. SWB was measured using the 29-item Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), rated on a 6-point Likert scale, and administered before and after the intervention. Results revealed a significant increase in students’ overall SWB scores from 3.69 to 3.92 post-intervention. Although females initially exhibited higher baseline SWB compared to males, no significant sex differences were observed after the course. Score discrepancies between pre- and post-test stages varied across sex and internship status, indicating differential impacts of the MBCT-L course on distinct demographic groups. Additionally, this study validated the reliability of the short version of the OHQ (8 items) for use in similar research contexts. By conducting a formal MBCT-L course for Taiwanese university students, this study provides valuable empirical evidence, contributing to the cross-cultural understanding of mindfulness-based interventions and their effects on SWB.

The Effect of a Physical Activity Program on Subjective Well-Being, Happiness and Problem-Solving Skills in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of Physical Activity Program applied to patients with schizophrenia on subjective well-being, happiness and problem-solving skills levels. This study was conducted with a total of 86 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (43 intervention and 43 control) registered in a family health center. Subjective Well-Being Scale, the Short Form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Problem-Solving Inventory were used to collect the data at baseline and, post-intervention. Significant increases in subjective well-being, happiness, and problem-solving skills were found in the intervention group after the total of 12 weeks of the Physical Activity Program, which included walking and exercises, compared to the control group. Accordingly, it can be said that the Physical Activity Program is an effective method that increases subjective well-being, happiness and problem-solving skills. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier number is NCT15976921 and date of registration is 21/11/2023, retrospectively registered.

Genç Yetişkinlerde Olumlu Çocukluk Yaşantıları ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı İlişkisinde Mutluluğun Aracılık Etkisi

Objective: This study focuses on exploring the connection between positive experiences during childhood, overall happiness, and the propensity for social media addiction in young adults.
 Method: The study gathered data from 413 young adults in Turkey, averaging 25.73 years in age (Standard Deviation=4.77). Data collection involved using the Positive Childhood Experiences Scale, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and the Social Media Addiction Scale. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effect of happiness.
 Results: Positive childhood experiences were positively associated with happiness and negatively associated with social media addiction. There was a negative relationship between happiness and social media addiction. Happiness played a mediating role in the relationship between positive childhood experiences and social media addiction. 
 Conclusion: Participants with favorable experiences in childhood reported higher levels of happiness and less social media addiction. These results suggest that the social media addiction prevention and intervention programs should focus efforts on enhancing happiness and positive childhood experiences.

Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Happiness and Mental Well-Being: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) is a probiotic strain widely studied for its potential to improve human health. Previous studies have demonstrated promising results for HN001 in the improvement of mental well-being, particularly in terms of increased happiness and support for stress management in healthy adults. To further explore these findings, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 120 participants aged ≥ 18 years with mild to high stress measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The participants were randomly assigned to receive either HN001 or placebo for 28 days. Psychological assessments, including the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), were completed at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Secondary outcomes included changes in PSS scores, as well as depression, anxiety, stress, and total score levels measured by the DASS-21 questionnaire. While not statistically significant, participants who received HN001 showed an improvement in OHQ (mean change, 13.3) and PSS total scores (mean change, -8.1) over time compared with the placebo group (mean change, 10.2 and -6.6, respectively). Furthermore, 39% of the participants moved from not happy to happy, compared with only 29% in the placebo group. Post-hoc analysis showed a statistically significant interaction between intervention and study day for OHQ and PSS total scores, with p-values of 0.014 and 0.043, respectively. No adverse effects were observed. HN001 showed improvements in both happiness and PSS scores. Furthermore, sex subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences in both outcomes, emphasizing the need for larger and longer intervention studies.

Mediating Effect of State Anxiety and Interpersonal Relationship on the Relationship between Self-forgiveness and Happiness in Nursing Students

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of state anxiety and interpersonal relationship on the relationship between self-forgiveness and happiness of nursing students.Methods: This study used The Korean version of the State Self-forgiveness Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, Relationship Change Scale, and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Baron and Kenny’s method was used to analyze mediating effect between self-forgiveness and happiness.Results: Self-forgiveness, happiness, state anxiety, and interpersonal relationship had correlation with each other. There were the mediating effects of state anxiety and interpersonal relationship on the relationship between self-forgiveness and happiness of respondents.Conclusions: The result showed the mediating effects of state anxiety and interpersonal relationship on the relationship between self-forgiveness and happiness of nursing students. To increase happiness, it is necessary to apply curriculum to reduce state anxiety and improve interpersonal relationship.

Happiness and Impacts of Various Factors on the Happiness of Physicians Working in a Cancer Institute, North East India

Objective: To identify how happy are the physicians working in an Oncology setup and how different factors influence the happiness levels of these doctors working in this challenging setup. Materials and methods: This is an observational study designed to be carried out at a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre. The survey was conducted from 1st July to August 30th, 2023. Self-administered Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used, which is a closed-ended questionnaire. Those who were not willing to participate and whose work/ course duration was less than 6 months were not included in the study. Stephen Wright scoring was used. A score between 1-2 was interpreted as not happy, 2-3 meant somewhat unhappy, 3-4 was for not particularly happy, 4 represented somewhat happy, 4-5 was interpreted as rather happy or pretty happy, a score between 5-6 means very happy, 6 meant too happy. Results: Out of 93 study subjects, 54 were men (58%) and 39 (42%) were women. Of 93 doctors, 68 (73.1%) were happy. Of 68 doctors, a somewhat happy category was 31 (33.3%) doctors, followed by 29 (31.2%) being pretty happy, and 8(8.6%) doctors who were very happy. Twenty-five (26.9%) doctors were unhappy. Conclusion: The majority of doctors working in an oncology set-up were happy with no difference in gender. However, men were more likely to be very happy compared to women.

Determinants of Happiness among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

The idea of happiness is fundamental to mental health and influences several aspects of life. It is essential to consider the impact of persistent stress on individuals, particularly medical students. This study at Ayub Medical College aimed to evaluate factors influencing happiness among students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with ethical approval, using stratified random sampling to select participants. Data was gathered through two questionnaires: the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and another exploring additional factors. A total of 69 students participated, with an average happiness score of 4.01 ± 1.12. Results revealed that students who regularly engaged in physical activities, such as visiting the gym, reported higher happiness levels. Additionally, active involvement in social and religious organizations was linked to increased happiness. SPSS was used for data analysis. Also, people's happiness levels were much greater when they were actively involved in their social and religious organizations.

HAPPINESS THROUGH CONCEPT MAPPING STRATEGY: AN EXPERIMENT WITH SOCIAL-SCIENCE STUDENTS

Happiness could also be learned from the outside because the schemas of our brains are customized for positive connections with happiness and others (Celestine, 2022). Therefore, the present study explored the effect of concept mapping strategy on the happiness level of IX-grade social-science students of the U.P. board school. The researcher employed the Quasi-Experimental Method of research with a Pretest-Posttest Randomized Experimental Design. The study utilized a sample of 66 students through purposive sampling and a standardized Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) was employed to assess the happiness level. The experimental group was taught using developed instructional material on concept mapping strategy and the control group was through lecture-cum-demonstration method. The Independent Samples t-Test revealed a significant effect of the concept mapping strategy on the happiness level of the secondary-level students. It could be inferred that the concept mapping strategy is much superior to the lecture-cum-demonstration method for ensuring significantly improved happiness level of secondary-level students of social-science subject. This research suggests that using concept mapping teaching strategy with the use of introductory videos could help students feel happier, which would ultimately improve their overall academic performance.

Dzikr Relaxation to Decrease College Student's Anxiety and Increase Happiness

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dhikr relaxation in reducing anxiety and increasing happiness in college students. The subjects were 16 students of UIN Sunan Kalijaga aged 19-23 years. There were 2 hypotheses in this research. This research method was conducted by using quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest control group design. Data collection tools were the HARS scale (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), the OHQ scale (The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire), and Nexus Biofeedback. The data analysis used the Mann-Whitney U Test. The results of the first study showed that there was a difference in the anxiety score between the control group and the experimental group that took part in dhikr relaxation therapy, where the experimental group's score was greater than the control group's score as evidenced by the sig. of 0.005 (p<0.05). The results of the second study showed that there was no difference in the happiness score between the control group and the experimental group that took part in dhikr relaxation therapy, where the experimental group's score was greater than the control group's score as evidenced by the sig value. of 0.161 (p>0.05). The results of the analysis using the Nexus Biofeedback tool showed the sig. 0.028 (p<0.05). It can be concluded that dhikr relaxation was effective in reducing anxiety as indicated by a decrease in respiration frequency using the Nexus Biofeedback tool. However, dhikr relaxation has not been effective in increasing students’ happiness.

Psychometric properties of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) in a Greek student sample

BackgroundThe purpose of the current study was to adapt and explore the psychometric properties of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) in a Greek student sample.AimThis quantitative cross-sectional study was applied in order to translate and validate the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) into Greek and to assess the psychometric properties.MethodThe English version of OHQ-SF was translated into Greek using the forward and backward translation. The sample was consisted of 88 adult students from the Public Educational Training Institution in Thessaloniki. Two self-report measures the Greek version of OHQ-SF and the Greek version of the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R—to check the construct validity) were completed twice, for test and retest assessment, in full anonymity and confidentiality.Statistical analysisThe psychometric properties of OHQ-SF/GR, namely the internal–external reliability and construct validity, were assessed, and the expected unidimensional structure was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).Results and discussionThe Greek version of OHQ-SF (OHQ-SF/GR), for both test and retest, has adequate internal reliability, satisfactory structural validity, and adequate construct validity. The CFA indicated the unidimensional structure of the OHQ-SF/GR, and the fit indexes displayed good fit with the data. One item was removed due to poor correlation with the latent factor of happiness. The current study reveals that the final seven-item OHQ-SF/GR has very satisfactory psychometric properties being useful instrument to measure happiness levels in Greek adult students and is a valid tool that can be utilised in research field.

Exploring the Nexus: Economics of Happiness and Quality of Life in College Students

A happy person will have a more active lifestyle, better career opportunities, and promote a more productive, cohesive, and lasting sustainable society. India is noted for having one of the world’s youngest populations. India has more than fifty percent of the population under 25. The primary objective of this study is to explore the levels of happiness and quality of life among college students in rural and urban areas of Karnataka. The sample comprises college students aged 18 to 25, drawn from different rural and urban colleges in Karnataka using a stratified random sampling method: the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for data collection. The collected data underwent analysis using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. It was observed in the present study that there was no significant difference between rural and urban students in Physical and Psychological quality of life. Results also indicate that in Social and Environmental domains urban students are better than rural students. The study revealed a significant relationship between happiness and different quality of life domains among urban and rural college students

Psychometric properties of the Turkish reduced morningness and eveningness questionnaire

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 5-item Turkish Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) for the first time. The study involved 875 university students in an adaptation and validation study. Participants completed the rMEQ, MEQ, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form (BIS-SF), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The factor structure, convergent validity, internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of the rMEQ were examined. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the rMEQ had a one-dimensional structure with good fit indices (χ2/df = 2.94, CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.019). There was a significantly strong correlation between rMEQ and MEQ. In addition, we found a significantly weak correlation between rMEQ and DASS-21, ISI, BIS-SF, and OHQ-SF. The internal consistency coefficients of rMEQ were Cronbach’s α = 0.706 and McDonald’s ω = 0.740. The sensitivity and specificity of rMEQ were 83.3%–92.7% for morning types and 86.3%–87.3% for evening types. The Turkish rMEQ has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess an individual’s chronotype.

Predictors of Happiness Among Hemodialysis Patients in Qazvin-Iran

Background: The enhancement of happiness in patients undergoing hemodialysis is positively associated with improved physical and mental health outcomes. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify predictive factors of happiness among a group of Iranian hemodialysis patients. Methods: In 2021, a descriptive study was carried out involving 200 hemodialysis patients from a center in Qazvin province, Iran. The census method was utilized to select eligible patients. Data collection was conducted using a socio-demographic checklist, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Snyder’s Hope Scale. A multivariate regression model was employed to ascertain the predictors of happiness. Results: The average age of the patients was 59.23 ± 14.43, with an age range from 18 to 86 years. The majority were male (n = 122, 61.0%) and married (n = 134, 67.0%). A significant portion of the patients (69%, n = 138) reported moderate levels of happiness. The study also discovered that educational level (β = 0.248, P ≤ 0.001), marital status (β = -0.268, P ≤ 0.001), adequacy of hemodialysis (β = 0.268, P ≤ 0.001), and hope (β = 0.231, P ≤ 0.001) were significant predictors of happiness in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the majority of hemodialysis patients in Qazvin experience a moderate level of happiness. Factors such as hope, educational level, marital status, and adequacy of hemodialysis were linked to their happiness. These insights can inform health strategies developed by decision-makers aimed at enhancing the happiness of this patient group.

Hedonistic Lifestyle as a Predictor of Happiness in K-popers (Study of the Malang ARMY Community)

This research aims to find out whether a hedonistic lifestyle can predict happiness in the members of the community of fans of the Korean boy band BTS, known as ARMY, in Malang City. This quantitative research uses a simple linear regression analysis method. Respondents were selected using non-probability sampling and purposive sampling techniques with the following criteria: (1) K-popers who are members of the Malang ARMY community; (2) like K-pop music; and (3) have ever spent money to buy K-pop merchandise. The research respondents totaled 152 people. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (happiness scale) with content validity test results ranging from .426 to .743 and a reliability of .829 and a hedonistic lifestyle scale with a validity of .254 to .454 and a reliability of .767. The research results showed that (1) 74.3 percent of respondents had a high level of happiness; (2) 84.9 percent of respondents have a low hedonism lifestyle; and (3) hedonistic lifestyle is not a predictor of happiness among members of the Malang ARMY community, with a significance value of .148 or greater than .05.

Psychological and sexological assessment of patients with chronic prostatitis

Purpose: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is characterized by a multiform clinical presentation requiring a differentiated treatment based on different phenotypes including the psychosocial and sexual domains. The aim of this study was assessing the complex correlations between somatic, psychological, and sexual symptoms of CP/CPPS patients. Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on patients attending a Prostatitis Clinic. Patients were administered the following questionnaires: National Institutes of Health- Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results: Linear regression analyses show highly significant correlations between scores of the NIH-CPSI and the scores of the GAD-7, PHQ-9 and OHQ psychometric questionnaires. IPSS scores correlate significantly with the psychometric scores only when a non-parametric analysis is performed. IIEF and PEDT sexual function scores did not correlate with any of the psychometric tests. NIH-CPSI scores correlate positively with most of the TEMPS-A profiles but the hyperthymic profile correlated negatively with the total and QoL NIH-CPSI and with PEDT scores. Conclusions: Scores measuring anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being in patients with CP/CPPS are strictly correlated with prostatitis-like symptoms although they are poorly correlated with symptoms of prostatism, as measured by IPSS, and not correlated with scores of sexual dysfunctions, as measured by IIEF and PEDT. A hyperthymic temperament may increase resilience against the disease.

Spiritual Intelligence, happiness and success of students in select higher education institutions of University of Delhi

Research background: Spiritual Intelligence (SI), often quoted as Spiritual Quotient (SQ) by some, means becoming aware of (realising) and expressing one’s innate spiritual qualities (love, peace, bliss, and purity) through cognitive thinking, attitude, and behaviour. Once we are aware of the true purpose of our being in the universe, our spiritual qualities help us in drawing spiritual strength to remain stable in all situations (Emotional Intelligence), be neutral towards negativity, truly understand others, and be at peace with not just one’s own self but with others and the world at large. When Spiritual Intelligence is applied in the workplace setting, it helps in aligning personal values with a clear sense of purpose, enhancing our power to accept change and adapt to newer perspectives in life. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic achievement among the students of University of Delhi. In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the predominant factors strengthening spiritual intelligence and to critically evaluate the relationship between students’ spiritual intelligence, happiness, and academic achievement. Research methodology: Responses of 240 students at the undergraduate level from different colleges under the University of Delhi were studied to find out their level of spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic intelligence. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, SISRI-24 Spiritual Intelligence Measurement Scale of D. King, and a self-designed Questionnaire known as Academic Achievement Assessment Tool for assessing the Academic Intelligence of the students were used by the authors as the data gathering tools. Findings/results: The results indicate that the Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness of the students are positively and significantly related to one another on both an overall basis and also in the case of males and females specifically at 1% significance level. However, this association was found to be more prominent for female students. Originality/value/novelty: The study offers future directions and implications for higher education practitioners. It also suggests that Spiritual Intelligence would be beneficial for the students as it increases their psychological well-being and for the betterment of the global society as a whole.

Assessment of happiness among ASHAs, the grass root level health workers in post-COVID era in Eastern India: a cross-sectional study

Background: The happiness of healthcare professionals is said to be positively affecting the quality of health care and the services provided by them. Presently, our country and its health care has been recovering from the brunt of COVID pandemic. Amid these changing circumstances, this study intends to assess the happiness among the key grassroot level workers, ASHAs in the post-COVID era and the factors affecting their happiness, as happiness is often put forward as one of the driving forces to peoples’ choices and actions. Methods: A modified short version of Oxford happiness questionnaire was used to assess the happiness among the ASHAs selected through multistage sampling and interviewed to assess the facilitators and barriers to their happiness. Results: Of the 112 ASHAs interviewed, 61.6% were happy, while 38.4% were unhappy. The variables like having commitment to work, mental alertness and ability to find beauty in many natural things had universal agreement, while not feeling healthy, or whether they find time for everything wanted have disagreement. Almost 87.5% felt they were not especially control of their lives and 41% were not being well satisfied with everything in life. The factors facilitating happiness were professional pride, altruism, quality of life, and major barriers identified were inadequate rest, imbalance in work-life, family issues, etc. Conclusions: Positive reinforcement in terms of better workplace environment, time management skill enhancement, to strike a better work-life balance to ensure a happier version of themselves.