Motor Vehicle Ownership Research Articles

Pengaruh Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor di Kota Batam

Compliance with motor vehicle tax obligations is an attitude or action that demonstrates adherence to the law and tax obligations related to the ownership and use of motor vehicles. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Taxation Socialization, Service Quality, and Tax Sanctions simultaneously influence Compliance with Motor Vehicle Tax Obligations in Batam City. This research adopts a quantitative research method. The data source used in this study is primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to taxpayers. The population consists of motor vehicle taxpayers registered at the Batam Centre Samsat Office, totaling 484,829. The sample size determined for this study is 416 respondents, calculated using the Slovin's formula. Data analysis in this study includes instrument testing comprising validity and reliability tests, classic assumption tests including normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroskedasticity test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing consisting of t-test, F-test, and determination coefficient (R2). The results of this study indicate that Taxation Socialization, Service Quality, and Tax Sanctions individually and simultaneously have a significant influence on Compliance with Motor Vehicle Tax Obligations in Batam City.

Legal Protection for Creditors Who Recipient of Motor Vehicle Fiduciaries After Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 & Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021 (Study at BRI Finance Malang Branch)

Fiduciary is a material guarantee which is a development of other material guarantees, namely Pawning. This development is a living need in society because pawning collateral which requires control of the pledged collateral object by the creditor is felt to be less supportive of business because the debtor cannot benefit from the collateral object so material collateral is needed which is more beneficial for the debtor but also the creditor's interests can still be protected. Execution of fiduciary guarantees can be carried out in accordance with article 29 UUJF, namely if the debtor or fiduciary person breaks his promise, the execution of the object that is the object of fiduciary guarantee point 1 above is the priority given by the material guarantee institution which is referred to as Parate execution, which is regulated in Article 15 paragraph (3) of the Fiduciary Guarantee Law (hereinafter abbreviated to "UUJF") which states that "If the debtor breaks his promise, the fiduciary recipient has the right to sell the object that is the object of the fiduciary guarantee under his own authority." The research method used is the Socio Legal Research Method or commonly used as empirical juridical research. Empirical legal research, namely data obtained directly from the community as the first source through field research. The research location is at the BRI Finance Malang Branch Office which is one of BRI's subsidiary entities which operates in the financing sector located in Malang City. One of the financing products from BRI Finance is Multipurpose Motor Vehicle Ownership Credit where the collateral is a motor vehicle tied to the institution fiduciary material guarantee. The results of the research show that the execution of credit collateral in the form of a motor vehicle tied to a fiduciary with the Constitutional Court decision Number 18/PUU/XVII/2019 which is confirmed by the Constitutional Court decision No.2/PUU-XIX/2021 becomes weaker because the creditor's preference rights are limited. The institution granted fiduciary material guarantees in the form of an execution parate cannot be carried out unilaterally because it must obtain the debtor's approval regarding the element of breach of contract/default and also the voluntary handover of fiduciary objects

Forecasting Motor Vehicle Ownership and Energy Demand Considering Electric Vehicle Penetration

Given the increasing environmental concerns and energy consumption, the transformation of the new energy vehicle industry is a key link in the innovation of the energy structure. The shift from traditional fossil fuels to clean energy encompasses various dimensions such as technological innovation, policy support, infrastructure development, and changes in consumer preferences. Predicting the future ownership of electric vehicles (EVs) and then estimating the energy demand for transportation is a pressing issue in the field of new energy. This study starts from dimensions such as cost, technology, environment, and consumer preferences, deeply explores the influencing factors on the ownership of EVs, analyzes the mechanisms of various factors on the development of EVs, establishes a predictive model for the ownership of motor vehicles considering the penetration of electric vehicles based on system dynamics, and then simulates the future annual trends in EV and conventional vehicle (CV) ownership under different scenarios based on the intensity of government funding. Using energy consumption formulas under different power modes, this study quantifies the electrification energy demand for transportation flows as fleet structure changes. The results indicate that under current policy implementation, the domestic ownership of EVs and CVs is projected to grow to 172.437 million and 433.362 million, respectively, by 2035, with the proportion of EV ownership in vehicles and energy consumption per thousand vehicles at 28.46% and 566,781 J·km−1, respectively. By increasing the technical and environmental factors by 40% and extending the preferential policies for purchasing new energy vehicles, domestic EV ownership is expected to increase to 201.276 million by 2035. This study provides data support for the government to formulate promotional policies and can also offer data support for the development of basic charging infrastructure.

Penegakan Hukum Dalam Keterlambatan Pembayaran Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Di Kabupaten Tabanan

The increase in population has led to a rapid increase in motor vehicle ownership. Motorized vehicles have become a basic necessity for some people. Ownership of motorized vehicles will be followed by obligations as taxpayers who must make tax payments. However, increasing the number of motor vehicle ownership does not necessarily increase public awareness to be obedient and aware of the obligation to pay taxes. This can lead to legal consequences for both the community and the government. This research aims to find out the regulation in the field of taxes responding to the lack of public awareness of tax payments. With the main problems that will be discussed in this study, namely 1) how is law enforcement in late payment of motor vehicle tax in Tabanan Regency, 2) What are the inhibiting factors in the enforcement of late payment of motor vehicle tax in Tabanan Regency. The research method used is an empirical research method, with a fact approach and legal concept analysis approach. The results of law enforcement in late payment of motor vehicle tax in Tabanan Regency are given a PKB notification letter given a notification letter of STNK validation and a late notice of tax payment, if it has not been replied to from the taxpayer, UPTD PPRD Bali Province in Tabanan Regency will impose penalties on taxpayers such as administrative penalties for interest / fines and inhibiting factors are the lack of awareness of taxpayers in paying motor vehicle taxes, transferring motorized vehicles without transferring names, vehicle owners moving residence.

Investigating Objective and Subjective Factors Influencing the Frequency and Purpose of E-Scooter Trips

In this study, for the first time in the literature as far as we are aware, we model e-scooter use frequency and use purpose jointly, allowing for multiple use purposes. In doing so, we consider individual and household sociodemographics and psycho-social lifestyle considerations, as well as a residential location indicator. The analysis uses data collected through a survey of e-scooter users in Washington, D.C., U.S., administered electronically between September 2021 and December 2022. The results from our analysis indicate that gender, income earnings, motorized vehicle ownership in the household, a green lifestyle propensity, and a positive perception of e-scooters, in general, are the most important determinants of use frequency. Also, there are distinct demographic groupings between e-scooter use for hedonic (leisure and tourism-related) pursuits and utilitarian (shopping, work/appointments, and transit connections) pursuits. By understanding how changes in key influencing variables can affect use frequency and purpose, we provide richer insights for policy and initiatives involving frequency and integration, perceptions and marketing, sustainability, equity and accessibility, and mixed land-use practices.

Simulating the effect of haze management using system dynamics: a case study of Beijing

Haze is a pollution phenomenon that has become increasingly frequent in recent years, primarily composed of SO2, NOx, and particulate matter. Since the “PM2.5 Crisis” in 2013, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been plagued by haze. After a series of high-intensity management activities, the air quality in Beijing has continued to improve. To investigate the effectiveness of the haze control measures in Beijing, a dynamic management model was constructed using the system dynamics approach and implemented using Stella software. The model is simulated and evaluated the contribution to different governance strategies (increasing investment in science and technology innovation, reducing motor vehicle ownership, reducing coal consumption, and a combination policy) to reduce haze in Beijing from 2010 to 2025. The validity and robustness of the model were verified through model testing and validation. The simulation results showed that: (1) the combination policy has the most significant effect on reducing energy consumption and pollution emissions, which would reduce energy consumption by 38.93 million tons and pollution emissions by 128.33 thousand tons in 2025, (2) among the single treatment measures, reducing industrial coal consumption is the most effective measure to reducing haze, (3) it is necessary to strengthen the joint prevention and control of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the future to promote the sustainable development of the regional environment.

Pengaruh Keberadaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. Sapta Karya Damai terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Natai Baru, Kecamatan Metaya Hilir Utara, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur

The existence of oil palm plantation companies cannot be denied to have an influence on the surrounding community, this influence can be in the form of positive and negative impacts. Vice versa, the views or actions of the community around the company can affect the sustainability of a company in a particular area. How does the existence of PT Sapta Karya Damai's oil palm plantation affect the socio-economic conditions of the community in Natai Baru Village, Utara Mentaya Hilir District, Timur Kotawaringin Regency. The method used in the research is the Mix Method method is a research method that combines quantitative methods with qualitative methods to be used together in a research activity. Social Conditions, before the existence of oil palm plantations (PT. Sapta Karya Damai) the education level of respondents in Natai Baru Village was low. But along with the company, the level of children's education is classified as good because there are already supporting facilities and infrastructure. Community leadership and participation in organizational membership in Natai Baru Village is good, because there are several people who participate. It can also be seen from changes in Economic Conditions, the existence of oil palm plantations in Natai Baru Village not only opens up employment opportunities, but has a direct influence on the income of people who work in oil palm plantations. The fixed income obtained by the community is of course very helpful for people's lives, such as increasing community income and fulfilling their life needs. Not only that, the community also has ownership of valuable assets such as private house ownership, ownership of motor vehicles and cars and most of the community already owns electronic assets.

EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTING “SCHOOL SAFETY ZONES” IN KEMAYORAN SUB-DISTRICT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

The increased chance of traffic accidents due to the increasing phenomenon of motor vehicle ownership due to increased sales figures. Most schools in the city of Central Jakarta are located in Kemayoran sub-district with many located on the roadside. Efforts to maintain safety are stated in the Regulation of the Director General of Land Transportation in the School Safe Zone or ZoSS guidelines. The study was conducted using an effectiveness survey with a characteristic classification method during entrance and after-school hours at SDN Utan Panjang 01 Pagi, SDN Sumur Batu 08 Pagi, and SDN Sumur Batu 01 Pagi. The research aims to determine the completeness of road equipment facilities, the effectiveness of ZoSS, and alternative solutions to maximize the ZoSS. The results show that among the three schools, the effectiveness of ZoSS SDN Utan Panjang 01 Pagi "Effective" with the most complete road equipment facilities including markings and signs, the effectiveness of ZoSS SDN Sumur Batu 08 Pagi "Effective" with road equipment facilities only signs, and the effectiveness of ZoSS SDN Sumur Batu 01 Pagi "Quite Effective" in the absence of road equipment facilities. Keywords : school safety zone, elementary school, speed, behavioral characteristics.

Analysis Of The Role Of Blockchain Technology In Recording Motor Vehicle Ownership Data

The importance of the role of motor vehicles in human life is revealed through its transformation from a tertiary need to a secondary one. In Indonesia, the number of motor vehicles reached 136.191 million units in 2020, prompting the government to regulate registration and identification through Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2015. This research addresses issues related to motor vehicle administration in Indonesia, focusing on transparency, data integrity, and information availability. Inspired by the rapid growth in the number of motor vehicles and the increasing cases of theft, this research aims to design and implement an innovative motor vehicle ownership recording system using blockchain technology. This approach aims to enhance the accessibility of information on the origin and ownership of vehicles or Vehicle Registration Numbers (VRN), which is currently limited in both manual and online forms. The research methodology involves the design and implementation of blockchain technology, tested to verify its effectiveness in achieving transparency and data security goals. The research results indicate that this system can provide more comprehensive and distributed information to the general public, overcoming the limitations of centralized systems. The conclusion of this research affirms that the application of blockchain technology can be an innovative and effective solution to improve motor vehicle administration. The implications of this research include increased efficiency, security, and availability of information in handling vehicle administration, potentially having a positive impact on the general public and related industries

Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Moda Transportasi Tidak Bermotor Pada Mahasiswa di Kampus Terpadu Universitas Islam Indonesia

The large number of students is directly proportional to the increase in private vehicles on campus, resulting in traffic congestion. Efforts should be made to encourage motorized vehicle users to switch to sustainable modes of transportation. This study aims to determine student dependence on motorized vehicles to go to campus and identify factors associated with using sustainable modes of transportation at the Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII). The data sample consisted of 614 respondents, collected through online simple random sampling. The collected data were then analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The survey data reveals a significant reliance on motorized vehicles to get to campus, with 67% of trips within a 2-kilometer radius made by motor vehicles. Based on the Chi-Square test results, factors such as motor vehicle ownership, driving license ownership, travel distance, and the primary mode of transportation are strongly associatedwith the willingness to walk or cycle. This condition indicates that practicality or habitual aspects have a stronger relationship with students' willingness to use sustainable transportation than demographic or socioeconomic factors. Thus, efforts are needed to increase the practicality of using sustainable transportation to optimize sustainable campus development.

Pengaruh Tarif Pajak dan Pengetahuan Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor di Kota Bandar Lampung (Studi pada Kantor Samsat Rajabasa Bandar Lampung)

Motor vehicle tax (PKB) is a form of tax levied on the ownership and/or ownership of motor vehicles, with natural or legal persons as owners of the vehicles being tax payers. Tax awareness becomes important when taxpayers have enough knowledge and understanding of the tax system. This encourages them to voluntarily fulfill their tax payment obligations. The higher a taxpayer's level of tax awareness, the higher their level of tax compliance, while also reinforcing their role as a good citizen. This study aims to determine the influence of tax rates and taxpayer knowledge on the compliance level of automobile taxpayers in Bandar Lampung City. The research method used was quantitative research in the tax-paying population of Bandar Lampung City. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using purposive sampling with calculations using the Slovin formula. Data was collected through document review, documentation, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis included several linear regression tests, correlation coefficient tests, t-tests, F-tests, and R2 tests. The study results showed that tax rate and taxpayer knowledge had a significant influence of 47.5% on vehicle tax payment compliance of taxpayers at Samsat office in Bandar Lampung Rajabasa. At the same time, other factors not considered in this study also affect 52.5% of taxpayer compliance. This study highlights the importance of improving taxpayers' knowledge and understanding of the tax system as well as reviewing tax rates to increase tax compliance levels.

Tyre Waste Management: Where We Are & Where We Are Headed

Abstract: Motor vehicle ownership has skyrocketed in the previous two decades. The World Health Organization (2015) reports that 53% of motorised vehicles are in middle-income countries and 46% in high-income nations. The latest predictions predict that by 2040, the number of cars made will grow. The worldwide tyre industry, which produces about a billion tyres, using over two-thirds of the world's natural rubber. India accounts for 6% of the world's 1.6 billion discarded tyres produced each year. In addition, India imports around three lakh tonnes of tyres for recycling each year. They are subjected to high-temperature thermochemical processes in order to create industrial oil and other derivatives. This paper attempts to summarise the most important regulations and procedures regarding the reuse and recycling of ELTs that are now being carried out in India as well as in other countries across the world. Additionally, it investigates in depth the option that presents India with the greatest potential for achieving safe end-of-life handling procedures for tyres

Implementation of Legal Protection for Creditors for Defaulting Customers with Motorized Vehicle Ownership Book Guarantees

A customer who defaults on a credit agreement basically harms the creditor. The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of legal protection for creditors for customers who default on credit agreements by guaranteeing Motor Vehicle Ownership Books. The type of research used is empirical juridical with field studies at PT. BPR Bank Pasar Bhakti Sidoarjo. The results of the study show that the implementation of legal protection includes preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection. Guaranteed motorbike taxis will be burdened with fiduciary guarantees which are used as a form of legal certainty and can protect creditors when bad credit occurs. Repressive legal protection taken in resolving bad credit disputes is by credit restructuring first. If it is not successful, the creditor executes the collateral object which will later be sold privately to pay off the debtor's debt to the creditor.

ASPEK HUKUM GADAI (RAHN) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

Abstract: Background. Fiduciaryis one of the financing products available in financial institutions, where this financing agreement aims to make it easier for customers to obtain loans by fiduciary gold or other valuables that have resale value such as: land certificates or other building documents, Proof of Motor Vehicle Ownership (BPKB), and Employee Decree (SK), as collateral for the proposed loan and proof that he is able to make repayment at the agreed time. For this reason, in this practice the researcher will describe aspects of pawn law from an Islamic legal perspective. Methods. in this research, emphasizing the legal aspect of fiduciary, this research takes the form of library research (library), with data collection techniques through tracing major theories in literature studies related to fiduciary from an Islamic perspective. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, this technique begins by describing the data related to the pawn, then sorting it according to research needs, this pattern will be carried out repeatedly, to ensure the data obtained is in accordance with the research focus Results. Aspects of fiduciary law in an Islamic perspective include the basis for enforcement which is in accordance with Islamic principles, the pillars and conditions of fiduciary, control of collateral goods, binding of collateral goods, use of collateral goods, sale of collateral goods, destruction of collateral goods and expiry of collateral goods. In general, these legal aspects are stated in Islamic law in detail.

Parking Generating Rate Prediction Method Based on Grey Correlation Analysis and SSA-GRNN

The parking generating rate model is commonly used in parking demand forecasting. However, the key indicators of the parking generating rate are generally difficult to determine, especially its future annual value. The parking generating rate is affected by many factors. In order to more accurately predict the urban parking generating rate, this paper establishes a parking generating rate prediction model based on grey correlation analysis and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) optimized by a sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Gross domestic product (GDP), urban area, urban population, motor vehicle ownership, and land use type are selected as input variables of the GRNN via grey correlation analysis. The SSA is used to optimize network weights and thresholds, and a model based on the SSA to optimize the GRNN is constructed to predict the parking generating rate of different cities. The results show that, after SSA optimization, the maximum absolute error of the GRNN model in predicting the parking generating rate is reduced, and the prediction accuracy of the model is effectively improved. This model can provide technical support for solving urban parking problems.

Akibat Hukum Pengalihan Hak Atas Kendaraan Bermotor Kepada Pihak Ketiga Dalam Kredit Dengan Jaminan Fidusia

One of these problems is the legal consequence of the transfer of legal issues over the transfer of rights over motorized vehicles to third parties in credit with a fiduciary guarantee in Decision Number: 210/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Tjk in the decision stating that the Plaintiff's claim was granted to state 1. Defendant I (PT Toyota Astra Financial Services), and 2. Defendant II (Woto) has committed an unlawful act which harmed the Plaintiff, namely not being given a Motorized Vehicle Ownership Book (BPKB) for a Toyota Avanza F 52 V M/T 10 Years car 2014. This study aims to determine the legal problems of transferring rights to motorized vehicles to third parties in credit with a fiduciary guarantee in Decision Number: 210/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Tjk are 1. The legal consequences of transferring rights to motorized vehicles to third parties in credit with fiduciary guarantees, 2 . What is the legal process for taking vehicle certificates for motorized vehicles that have been transferred to third parties in credit with fiduciary guarantees.The research method uses qualitative methods using normative and empirical approaches, data collection procedures using literature studies and field observation studies.The results of the study conclude the findings in the results of the legal consequences of the law on the transfer of rights over motorized vehicles to third parties in credit with a fiduciary guarantee in Decision Number: 210/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Tjk, namely 1. In the Position Case (Punda Mentum Peten' di) transfer of rights to motorized vehicles to third parties in credit with fiduciary guarantees registered on 23 November 2020 at the Registrar's Office of the Tanjungkarang District Court in an e-court manner on 24 November 2020, 2. Basis of Decision (Posita) stated that Defendant I and Defendant II had committed an unlawful act (Onrechmatig Daad) which harmed the plaintiff,

Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (Onrechmatige Daad) Tidak Diberikannya Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor Setelah Pelunasan Perjanjian Kredit

Based on Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk showed that the Plaintiff's claim was partially granted, stating that Defendant I and Defendant II had committed an Unlawful Act (Onrechmatig Daad) which harmed the Plaintiff. The problem in this research is the factor that causes the unlawful act (onrechmatige daad) of not being given the Motorized Vehicle Ownership Book (BPKB) of a motorized vehicle in the case of Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk and the Judge's considerations in deciding cases against unlawful acts (onrechmatige daad) not being given a Motorized Vehicle Ownership Book (BPKB) for motorized vehicles based on Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk.The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, a normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, legal principles, while the empirical approach is carried out by direct interviews with informants who will be related to research problems, the data analysis used is qualitative analysis.The results of the study showed that the factors that led to the unlawful act were not given the motor vehicle owner's book (BPKB) in the case of Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk, namely a legal factor due to the absence of internal provisions requiring that fiduciary guarantees be notarized. The judge's considerations in deciding cases against unlawful acts are not giving a motorized vehicle owner's book (BPKB) based on that the creditor does not write off the Fiduciary Guarantee record after the debt from the debtor is paid off.

Exploring non-mandatory travel behavior in Jakarta City: Travel time, trip frequency, and socio-demographic influences

This study investigates non-mandatory trips in three regions of Jakarta city, namely Central, North, and West. Specifically, the focus is on examining mode choice, distance traveled, and trip frequency. The dataset used for analysis consists of 1,187 complete survey responses obtained from an on-site survey of residents conducted between December 2019 and March 2020. The results reveal distinct travel patterns across the surveyed areas. For instance, Central Jakarta exhibits a high reliance on ride-hailing services, while shorter-distance trips are more common in West Jakarta. These variations can potentially be attributed to socio-demographic factors. To gain deeper insights into travel behavior, a multinomial transport mode choice model is employed to explore the relationship between travel modes, trip characteristics, and personal/household variables. Interestingly, despite the growth of motorcycles in Jakarta, our findings suggest that older individuals are more inclined to choose walking over motorcycle travel. Additionally, trip frequency plays a role in mode choice, as frequent trips are associated with motorcycle-based travel. As anticipated, motorcycle modal share is influenced by vehicle ownership; however, our results indicate a negative impact of ownership on the likelihood of switching from motorcycle mode to alternative modes. To facilitate a shift from motorcycle use to active and public transportation, our findings emphasize the need for an effective transportation strategy that includes reducing motor vehicle ownership, creating walkable environments, and developing age-friendly public transport options.

Association of household motor vehicle ownership with overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi adults: A cross-sectional analysis of 2017–18 Bangladesh demographic and health survey

ObjectiveThis study investigated the relationship between motor vehicle ownership with overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi adults. MethodThis cross-sectional data was retrieved from 2017 to 18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), and the total weighted sample of 12,798 male and female were included in the analysis. Both WHO and Asia-Pacific cut-off were used to categorize the weight status of the respondents. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed at 5% level of significance. ResultsOverall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.1% (95% CI 19.2 to 21.1) and 4.2% (3.8%–4.7%), respectively considering WHO cut-off. However, prevalence of overweight and obesity was found slightly higher when the Asia-Pacific cut-off was considered [29.4% (95% CI 28.4% to 30.4) and 10.8% (95% CI 10.1 to 11.5)], respectively. Adjusted model revealed that the risk of being overweight among the motor vehicle owned household was significantly higher in both cut-offs [WHO cut-off: RRR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.59, p < 0.001 and Asian-Pacific cut-off: RRR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.48, p = 0.014]. Regards to obesity, respondents whose households have motor vehicles were 1.54 times more likely to be obese according to the Asian-Pacific cut-off [RRR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.94, p < 0.001]. Gender stratified analysis suggest household motor vehicle ownership status significantly associated with-overweight (WHO cut-off) and-overweight and obesity (Asia-Pacific cut-off) among males. This association was only significant for obesity (Asian Pacific cut-off) among females. ConclusionHousehold motor vehicle ownership was significantly associated with overweight and obesity status. Interventions and policies promoting active transportation and raising awareness regarding harmful consequences of overweight and obesity could be useful.

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS ARISING FROM THE ISSUANCE OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE OWNER'S BOOK (BPKB)

&lt;p&gt;According to Law No. 22 of 2002 from the juridical aspect, BPKB can be reviewed formally and materially. Formally, the definition of BPKB is a decree made and issued by a public employee of a state institution, the Indonesian National Police. While the material understanding is to include the contents of the decree of the owner of the motor vehicle, so about what is written or explained in it. Juridical Review of BPKB in Civil Relations, from the existence of legal events in the community, is often found the problem of civil disputes originating from The Book of motor vehicle owners or abuse of rights. In the Civil Code, the issue of abuse of this right can be sued under Article 1365 of the Civil Code by looking at the provisions in Article 1365 of the Civil Code, namely “any act/act against the law which by mistake causes damage to compensate for the loss”. The purpose of this writing is to find out whether the BPKB that has been issued is an authentic deed or document that states as the highest thing on moving goods/Motor Vehicles, want to prove or test the legal force of BPKB as a valid evidence according to to the law. The methodology used in this writing is based on empirical jurisprudence and the basis of existing realities in society or practice. Often found the existence of ownership of motor vehicles without being equipped with BPKB or the existence of BPKB whose material is expressed in it is not the same as the physical vehicle. Juridical influence on the owner of a motor vehicle, namely in addition to the right to enjoy the object, some obligations must be fulfilled by the owner of a motor vehicle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: -9px; top: 21px;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;