Ownership Duration Research Articles

Behavioral and emotional co-modulation during dog–owner interaction measured by heart rate variability and activity

Behavioral and physiological synchrony facilitate emotional closeness in attachment relationships. The aim of this pseudorandomized cross-over study was to investigate the emotional and physiological link, designated as co-modulation, between dogs and their owners. We measured the heart rate variability (HRV) and physical activity of dogs belonging to co-operative breeds (n = 29) and their owners during resting baselines and positive interaction tasks (Stroking, Training, Sniffing, Playing) and collected survey data on owner temperament and dog–owner relationship. Although overall HRV and activity correlated between dogs and their owners across tasks, task-specific analyses showed that HRV of dogs and owners correlated during free behaving (Pre- and Post-Baseline), whereas the activity of dogs and owners correlated during predefined interaction tasks (Stroking and Playing). Dog overall HRV was the only predictive factor for owner overall HRV, while dog height, ownership duration, owner negative affectivity, and dog–owner interaction scale predicted dog overall HRV. Thus, the characteristics of dog, owner, and the relationship modified the HRV responses in dog–owner dyads. The physiology and behavior of dogs belonging to co-operative breeds and their owners were therefore co-modulated, demonstrating physiological and emotional connection comparable to those found in attachment relationships between humans.

The Associations between Human-Companion Animal Relationship Duration, Companion Animal Life Stage, and Relationship Quality.

Although many companion animal (or "pet") owners report that their relationships with their pets are important, we know little about how animal ownership duration and animal life stage are related to relationship quality. In a sample of 1303 dog and cat owners, the present research explored the associations between relationship duration, pet life stage (puppy/kitten, young adult, mature adult, and senior), and four markers of relationship quality: pet-related self-expansion, perceived pet responsiveness, perceived pet insensitivity, and human-animal bond. We found that relationship duration was negatively and linearly associated with self-expansion for both dog and cat owners. Results comparing relationship quality markers across pet life stages revealed that for both dog and cat owners, self-expansion was higher for owners of younger animals compared to owners of older animals. There were no significant effects for perceived pet responsiveness, perceived pet insensitivity, or human-animal bond based on relationship duration or animal life stage. These findings indicate that the duration of the relationship with one's pet and animal life stage have implications for how much people feel a pet helps them grow, whereas other markers of human-pet relationship quality likely vary based on other experiences.

Negative and positive contamination in secondhand fashion consumption: does culture matter?

PurposeDespite the growing popularity of online secondhand platforms globally, there is a lack of studies exploring how consumers worldwide perceive contamination and the use of secondhand goods differently according to the culture. Based on the consumer contamination theory, this study aims to investigate the cultural differences of South Koreans and Americans by examining three variables (e.g. transaction type, ownership duration and physical attractiveness) related to consumers' perception of contamination and purchase intentions for a secondhand apparel item.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 422 US and South Korean female consumers who were assigned to an experimental scenario, and their secondhand purchase intentions and perceived contamination were compared through independent t-tests and moderated regression analyses.FindingsConsumers' purchase intentions increased, and perceived contamination decreased when the transaction type was business-to-consumer (vs consumer-to-consumer), when the item had been owned for a shorter period of time and when the item was sold by an attractive seller. Such effect was more pronounced for South Korean consumers than the US consumers in the negative contamination contexts (i.e. transaction type, ownership duration), but not in the positive contamination context (i.e. attractiveness).Originality/valueThe findings of the study add to the literature on consumer contamination theory through an examination of several negative and positive contamination factors in retail contexts and highlight the role of culture as a critical moderator.

EMPOWERING FUTURES: AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF LIFE INSURANCE DEMAND IN NIGERIA

This study investigates the factors influencing Nigeria’s demand for life insurance policies. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, the research establishes objectives centered on assessing the awareness of life insurance policies among Nigerians, examining the relationship between awareness and policy demand, and identifying barriers to life insurance contract adoption. Employing a sample survey research design, the study focuses on present and potential life insurance policyholders associated with registered insurance companies in Lagos State. Using convenience sampling, 200 respondents were selected based on their insurance awareness, policy type, and ownership duration. The findings underscore the impact of insurance awareness on policy demand and highlight factors like age, health status, income, occupation, family size, and education affecting low patronage. Media plays a crucial role in awareness creation, yet trust issues and limited knowledge hinder industry growth. The study concludes with recommendations to address income-based barriers, conduct aggressive awareness campaigns, and enhance customer understanding of life insurance benefits.

EMPOWERING FUTURES: AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF LIFE INSURANCE DEMAND IN NIGERIA

This study investigates the factors influencing Nigeria’s demand for life insurance policies. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, the research establishes objectives centered on assessing the awareness of life insurance policies among Nigerians, examining the relationship between awareness and policy demand, and identifying barriers to life insurance contract adoption. Employing a sample survey research design, the study focuses on present and potential life insurance policyholders associated with registered insurance companies in Lagos State. Using convenience sampling, 200 respondents were selected based on their insurance awareness, policy type, and ownership duration. The findings underscore the impact of insurance awareness on policy demand and highlight factors like age, health status, income, occupation, family size, and education affecting low patronage. Media plays a crucial role in awareness creation, yet trust issues and limited knowledge hinder industry growth. The study concludes with recommendations to address income-based barriers, conduct aggressive awareness campaigns, and enhance customer understanding of life insurance benefits.

Persistence and gazing at humans during an unsolvable task in dogs: The influence of ownership duration, living situation, and prior experience with humans

The experiences that domestic dogs have with humans take many forms. We hypothesized that more experience with humans would lead to greater dependence on humans in problem-solving situations. We used the unsolvable task to compare persistence and gazing in dogs with differing degrees of experience with humans: 1) dogs living in a home for a year or more; 2) dogs living in a home for less than a year (including foster dogs); and 3) shelter dogs. Dogs first learned a solvable task; we then measured persistence as well as gazing at humans when the task was unsolvable. Dogs living in a home for a year or more gazed sooner and longer than shelter dogs. Formally trained dogs from breeders also gazed sooner than formally trained dogs from shelters. There were no differences in overall persistence among the three types of dog. However, shelter dogs spent more time biting the box and gazing at it than dogs in the home. Former shelter dogs, former strays, and dogs that had no formal training also spent more time biting the box. We conclude that ownership duration, background, and prior experiences with humans influence human-directed communication and persistence behaviors in dogs.

Flat location and size as a determinant of homeownership duration

Motivation: Both the research on the residential market focuses primarily on analyses of the size and quality of the housing stock, or seeking dependencies with socio-economic factors. The second research area is the analysis of prices and construction of residential price indices. As an equally important issue is assessing the intensity of trade in particular types of flat and location. A standard view is that those small flats are more frequently traded on the market than large ones.
 Aim: The study concerns analysis of ownership duration of a flat by the same owner (from the day of purchase to the sale day). It depends on the characteristics of the dwelling, including the location and size. The research will verify the hypothesis of a shorter duration for small units and its location. The study relies on the example of one local housing market. The study use regression analysis to examine the property value on the city’s districts and duration analysis to explore ownership duration time, and nonparametric models of a proportional model Cox gambling with explanatory variables dependent on time.
 Results: This research is significant in socio-spatial connection to the housing market. It shows that the current practice of buying a small flat as an investment in the housing market is appropriate. Due to the rapid price increase of small flats and high turnover, the chances for a good investment are increasing. With the help of the Cox model, the study shows that on the local market poor location in the old city housing estate and a larger floor area decreased the odds of a property to be sold quickly. The study results are valuable due to the unique role of housing on investing in the local market.

Nomophobia among Preservice Teachers: a descriptive correlational study at Ghanaian Colleges of Education.

The present study aimed at investigating nomophobia prevalence, thus, recurrence of anxiety without a smartphone, with preservice teachers in the Colleges of Education, Ghana. An actual sample of 345 preservice teachers responded to a 20-item questionnaire on nomophobia (NMP-Q). A one-way MANOVA between different groups statistics was applied in determining the differences in nomophobic behaviours among preservice teachers based on non-technology-related variables (gender, age, specialism, subjective economic status, sleep/rest hours, and religion) and technology-related variables (number of smartphones owned, smartphone ownership duration, active internet services, and daily internet usage time). The results evidenced that the vast majority of preservice teachers had mild to severe nomophobia, and their most significant anxiety was related to access to information and communication. Besides, non-technology-related variables in gender, sleep hours, and subjective economic status significantly impacted the preservice teachers’ nomophobia. Technology-related variables that significantly influenced the nomophobic behaviour of preservice teachers included the number of smartphones owned, smartphone ownership duration, and active internet service. A sizable majority of the preservice teachers showed signs of mild to severe nomophobia. The present study provides prefatory support for the prevalence of nomophobia among the Ghanaian preservice teachers.

Prior residency improves the performance of a habitat specialist in a degrading environment

AbstractThe effect of habitat loss on the decline of habitat specialists has been well documented in coral reef fishes, since they have a restricted habitat preference. However, the different competitive advantages of specialists and generalists can impact their performance within varying habitat conditions. The order in which species arrive into a community influences competitive outcomes; these ‘priority effects’ may modify communities within degrading resource scenarios as individuals migrate in search of higher quality resources. In this study, we investigated: how sequence and timing of arrival affects interactions between a habitat generalist and a specialist in healthy and degrading environments, and how prior residency interacts with habitat quality and species identity to affect propensity to migrate. We conducted manipulative field studies using the damselfishes Pomacentrus amboinensis, a habitat generalist, and Pomacentrus moluccensis, a live coral specialist, on live or dead coral habitats, with timing of arrival differing between early and late arrivers (residents and intruders, respectively) by 1, 3 or 24 h. Our results demonstrated that the strength of priority effects (i.e., aggression intensity) increased with increasing timing of arrival when the P. moluccensis arrived after P. amboinensis, suggesting that as the perceived value of the habitat patch increased (owing to increasing ownership duration and defence investment), the tendency to defend it increased. Propensity to migrate from dead to live coral was greater for P. moluccensis compared to P. amboinensis; however, arriving after P. amboinensis significantly reduced willingness to migrate to its preferred live coral habitat, indicating an inhibitory priority effect, directly affecting future persistence. The degree that ecological versatility and priority effects combine to modify competitive outcomes in coral reef fishes has important consequences for the persistence of specialist species in the face of environmental degradation, and has implications for predicting how our changing environment will affect fish communities.

The length and determinants of forestland ownerships in Mississippi from 1999 to 2019

More than half of the United States' forestland is owned by millions of private forest landowners with small parcels. The length of forestland ownerships and its determinants are examined using duration analysis on a sample of parcels in Mississippi from 1999 to 2019. Overall, forestland ownership duration is short. About 46% of all the sampled parcels were sold at least once over the 21 years, and on average, the ownership duration of these sold parcels is only 5.4 years. The median survival time of new ownership in this sample is 12.2 years only. The forested acreage of a parcel, the residence location of an owner, and several socioeconomic variables have influenced land ownership duration.

Association between pet ownership and sleep in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)

Preliminary findings suggest that pets may impact the owner’s sleep. By using data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bIoimage Study (SCAPIS) cohort, we aimed to investigate the association of pet ownership with the following self-reported sleep outcomes in 3788 to 4574 participants: (i) achieving the recommended daily sleep duration for adults (i.e., at least 7 h per day); (ii) sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (a score of > 5 indicating poor sleep quality); and (iii) difficulty falling or staying asleep. Sleep metrics were not associated with pet ownership, dog ownership, and dog walking when controlling the logistic regression for possible confounders (e.g., shift work, lack of social interaction, and chronic stress). In contrast, cat ownership was associated with a higher odds ratio of failing to achieve the recommended duration of 7 h of sleep per day (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]:1.18 [1.02, 1.37] versus non-cat owners). Our findings suggest that certain pet groups might have a more significant impact on the owner’s sleep than others. As the observed association between cat ownership and short sleep duration might be a chance finding, this observation should be seen as hypothesis-generating only.

EVALUATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM SHIPS BY THE ADVANCED COMBINATION SYSTEM

This study investigates the factors influencing Nigeria's demand for life insurance policies. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, the research establishes objectives centered on assessing the awareness of life insurance policies among Nigerians, examining the relationship between awareness and policy demand, and identifying barriers to life insurance contract adoption. Employing a sample survey research design, the study focuses on present and potential life insurance policyholders associated with registered insurance companies in Lagos State. Using convenience sampling, 200 respondents were selected based on their insurance awareness, policy type, and ownership duration. The findings underscore the impact of insurance awareness on policy demand and highlight factors like age, health status, income, occupation, family size, and education affecting low patronage. Media plays a crucial role in awareness creation, yet trust issues and limited knowledge hinder industry growth. The study concludes with recommendations to address income-based barriers, conduct aggressive awareness campaigns, and enhance customer understanding of life insurance benefits.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND CHANGING DISINFECTANTS ON STEEL WATER PIPES CORROSION: CASE STUDY OF MASHHAD, IRAN

This study investigates the factors influencing Nigeria's demand for life insurance policies. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, the research establishes objectives centered on assessing the awareness of life insurance policies among Nigerians, examining the relationship between awareness and policy demand, and identifying barriers to life insurance contract adoption. Employing a sample survey research design, the study focuses on present and potential life insurance policyholders associated with registered insurance companies in Lagos State. Using convenience sampling, 200 respondents were selected based on their insurance awareness, policy type, and ownership duration. The findings underscore the impact of insurance awareness on policy demand and highlight factors like age, health status, income, occupation, family size, and education affecting low patronage. Media plays a crucial role in awareness creation, yet trust issues and limited knowledge hinder industry growth. The study concludes with recommendations to address income-based barriers, conduct aggressive awareness campaigns, and enhance customer understanding of life insurance benefits.

Navigating Relationship Norms: An Exploration of How Content Strategies Improve Brand Valuation over Time

Advertising both builds upon and benefits from the relationship between consumers and brands. In three longitudinal studies this research explores the cultivation and effects of this relationship and demonstrates that, when consumers are in an exchange relationship with a brand, ownership duration leads to higher self–brand connection, which subsequently translates into heightened brand valuation. In contrast, this effect is not observed for consumers in a communal brand relationship (Study 1). Further, results show that brand singularization, operationalized as content strategies that engage consumers to provide product reviews (Study 2) or to create consumer-generated advertisements (Study 3), enhances the effect of brand relationship norms, especially when the norm is exchange in nature. Our findings provide important insights to help advertisers design advertising campaigns that use brand relationship norms and singularization to engage consumers and subsequently increase brand valuation.

Techno-Economic Comparison of Total Cost of Ownership of Electric and Diesel Vehicles

Despite their low environmental impact, electrical vehicles have low penetration in the automotive market. Consumers are reluctant for technical reasons (limited driving range and long charging time) but also for an economic reason (high investment costs). Electric vehicle total cost of ownership (TCO) is often perceived as higher than for a thermal car, especially in Europe where diesel cars have a lower TCO than gasoline cars. Accurate TCO estimations are critical, but most of the techno-economic studies of electrified vehicles are based on very simplified energy models. In this paper, a techno-economic model is developed using an accurate technical model of an electric vehicle and a diesel car of the same segment. These technical models are validated by experimental measurements on real cars using real driving cycles. These models are then coupled to economic models to calculate TCO for a French case study. The total cost of ownership of the studied electric car is lower than for the equivalent diesel car by about 1000€ for a 5-year ownership period. Of particular importance is the finding that using real driving cycles instead of standard driving cycles decreases the TCO of electric cars while simultaneously increasing the TCO of diesel vehicles. This has implications for techno-economic models, suggesting that the typical TCO approach that uses manufacturer-reported standard cycle data may be systemically biased towards thermal vehicles. In order to understand how TCO may change in different locations, a sensitivity analysis varies different technical and economic factors. Government subsidy, ownership duration, and vehicle depreciation are the most important factors for the TCO of electric vehicles. However, TCO of the electric cars can be lower than the TCO of equivalent diesel cars under a wide range of reasonable inputs.

The Ownership Structure of Private Firms: Concentration and Persistence

We find that ownership changes much less over time in private firms than in public firms. The average largest shareholder in private (public) Norwegian firms keeps the same stake in 82% (14%) of two consecutive years. In private firms past ownership dominates ownership determinants proposed in the literature, and the estimated relationship depends heavily on whether the economic model and the econometric technique capture the strong ownership persistence. This evidence suggests that lower share liquidity increases ownership duration, and that feed-back from economic outcomes to ownership structure is a less severe problem for identification when the firm's shares are illiquid.

The Determinants Influencing Residential Resettlement of Union Members by Real Estate Ownership Duration in Redevelopment Promotion Project

The Determinants Influencing Residential Resettlement of Union Members by Real Estate Ownership Duration in Redevelopment Promotion Project

Do environmental rebates affect the replacement of durable products? An analysis of vehicle ownership duration in Japan

To reduce the environmental burden, many countries are providing consumers with rebates for the purchase of eco-friendly products. Although such rebate programs increase the market share of eco-friendly products and can mitigate environmental problems, they may distort the replacement cycle of durable products. The Japanese government implemented two series of eco-car rebate programs between 2009 and 2012. In this paper, we analyze the mileage of used vehicles and assess whether the rebate programs distorted the vehicle replacement cycle. Our duration analysis reveals that people sold the vehicle with low mileage in the first eco-car period but kept the vehicle with high mileage before the second eco-car period came into play.

ACCESSIO (AKCESJA) W TERMINOLOGII RZYMSKIEGO PRAWA PRYWATNEGO

The ‘accessio’ (accession) in the Terminology of Roman Private LawSummaryThe term accessio (accession) in the terminology of Roman private law did not only denote union and confusion of things. It was a very general term used for defining various cases of property acquisition through union, growth of property, and it determined addition of a new obligation to an old one or addition of a supplementary contract, person or object to the obligation.In the Roman Law literature the term accessio is predominantly used for union of two things in accordance with the principle accessio cedit principali, i.e. the increase falls to the share of the principal.Moreover, the term accessio also denoted adding the duration of ownership of an object by the predecessor (accessio possessionis) or simply adding the duration (accessio temporis). In the sources for the Roman Law accessio temporis and possessionis are used interchangeably for determining specific actual states, which resolve issues connected with accession of ownership duration of the predecessor to the ownership duration of the last owner. Similarly in lexicons, accessio temporis is presented as a synonym of accessio possessionis. The aforementioned accession of ownership duration [of the predecessor by his successor under specific title was permissible with interdict aimed at protection against infringement of ownership of movable objects (interdictum utrubi), with prescription (usucapio) and charge of long time ownership (longi temporis praescriptio).Furthermore, accession also meant accessio personae that is addition of a person, i.e. additional creditor who, beside the principal creditor, could collect repayment of debt from debtor (adstipulator), or a person who additionally, beside the principal debtor, pledged to the creditor to repay the debt (adpromissor), or it is addition of a new obligation to an old one by means of contract of guaranty (fideiussio). With accessio personae, similarly to union of things in accordance with the principle of accessio cedit principali, there had to be two things, one of them determined as principal and the other - additional. Obviously, here occur two obligations, one treated as principal, and the other as additional or accessory.Moreover, accession also means accessio rei, that is addition of new article of service to obligation, that the debtor could render alternatively with the previous, which was possible with alternative obligation (obligatio alternativa) and alternative authorization (facultas alternativa).

The Effects of Current and Expanded Analyst Ownership Disclosure on Nonprofessional Investorss Judgments and Decision-Making

In two experiments, this study examines the effects of current and expanded analyst ownership disclosure on nonprofessional investors’ confidence in analyst recommendations and on the amount invested by nonprofessionals. Experiment one examines how nonprofessional investors interpret analyst ownership disclosures currently required by Title V of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The results of experiment one suggest that current ownership disclosure requirements have no significant effect on either investors’ confidence in analysts’ recommendations or on the amount ultimately invested in the firm recommended by the analyst. Experiment two extends the first experiment by expanding the granularity of the ownership disclosures provided to investors to incorporate two additional factors: ownership magnitude and ownership duration. Applying Rational Choice Theory, we find evidence of an interactive effect on investors’ judgments such that investors who receive a disclosure that an analyst holds a large, short-term investment in a recommended firm perceive the analyst is more likely to be engaging in puffery than investors who receive alternative disclosures. We also find evidence of mediated-moderation such that investors’ confidence in the analyst’s report mediates the effect of the disclosure on the amount invested. In sum, we find evidence to suggest analyst ownership disclosures affect capital market liquidity and we discuss the implications of our findings for regulators and market operators seeking to improve investor confidence and market liquidity.