Overview Of Obesity Research Articles

Physiopathology and Treatment of Obesity and Overweight: A Proposal for a New Anorectic.

The "new epidemic," as WHO calls obesity, is caused by overeating, which, having exceeded the body's actual needs, accumulates in the form of health-damaging fat deposits. Moving more and eating less is the main remedy, but eating belongs to vital instincts, which are beyond the control of reason. In this sense, eating is different from drinking and breathing because without food it is possible to survive for a few weeks, without water for a few days, without oxygen for a few minutes. The first part of this article provides an overview of obesity and its treatment, focusing on the new anorectic anticipated in the title. The second part focuses on compulsive obesity, typically represented by constitutional obesity and food addiction. The article concludes with a discussion of the pharmacological treatment of compulsive diseases, to which some forms of obesity belong.

Overview of obesity and effect of bariatric surgery in Aljouf area, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Introduction: Studies have shown that obesity is increasingly prevalent in Saudi Arabia (SA). As the nation has witnessed economic growth and associated lifestyle changes, obesity has emerged as a significant problem, according to the findings of Salem et al. in 2022. Although obesity has reached a prevalence of 41.1% in males and 77.6% in females in SA,research on this topic has been lacking. Aim: To highlight the prevalence of obesity in Aljouf area and demonstrate the effect of bariatric surgery on patient health. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review using relevant demographic and clinical data from 2020 onward collected from the Arcus Air system. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and numerical data were presented as median (interquartile range [IQR]) and categorical data as frequencies and percentages. Numerical variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05 were considered significant. STATA® 15.1 was employed for the analysis. Results: We included 196 patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Their median age was 34 years (range,17–52), and females constituted 65% . Approximately 80% of the study subjects had a baseline body mass index (BMI) of >40kg/m2, and approximately 13% had diabetes mellitus (DM). Ten days after surgery, a significant decline was observed in the median BMI of 39.3 (37.3–41.4) compared to the pre-operative median BMI of 42 (40–44 ). A further significant decrease was observed in BMI three months later (median BMI: 33.7 [31–36.98]). This was paralleled by improvement in HbA1c levels in patients with DM or pre-diabetes, with a median value of 5.5% (5.4–6.6) three months after surgery compared to a baseline median of 6.6% (6.2–7.4). Discussion: The data demonstrated that obesity was more prevalent in females than males. We observed a statistically significant change in weight loss based on BMI in the first ten days following the procedure (39; 37.2–41.3) and again at the three-month follow-up (33.7; 31–36.98), P <0.0001. Patients with comorbidities such as DM and hypertension showed significant health improvements, unlike those with high high-density or low-density lipoprotein levels. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery is an effective approach to weight reduction in patients with obesity. The study demonstrated significant reductions in comorbidities (DM and HTN), in addition to overall health improvements. There is a need to raise awareness of obesity’s effects on society. Further studies are required in northern regions.

An Overview of Obesity, Cholesterol, and Systemic Inflammation in Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE), an inflammatory state during pregnancy, is a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Adverse outcomes associated with PE include hypertension, proteinuria, uterine/placental abnormalities, fetal growth restriction, and pre-term birth. Women with obesity have an increased risk of developing PE likely due to impaired placental development from altered metabolic homeostasis. Inflammatory cytokines from maternal adipose tissue and circulating cholesterol have been linked to systemic inflammation, hypertension, and other adverse outcomes associated with PE. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of nutrients, obesity, and cholesterol signaling in PE with an emphasis on findings from preclinical models.

Patient-Centered Care for Obesity: How Health Care Providers Can Treat Obesity While Actively Addressing Weight Stigma and Eating Disorder Risk

Patient-Centered Care for Obesity: How Health Care Providers Can Treat Obesity While Actively Addressing Weight Stigma and Eating Disorder Risk

Overview of obesity and breast cancer in brazil: 24 years of follow up

Rationale: Obesity is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of obesity is growing exponentially across all age groups and on all continents and it is associated with morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cancer. There is a higher risk of developing breast cancer in postmenopausal obese women, and with worse outcome for women of all ages. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate obesity prevalence in breast cancer patients and its association with recovering, survival, death, age, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and anti-human KI67 antibody(KI67).

Overview of obesity and breast cancer in Brazil: 24 year of follow up.

e13580 Background: Obesity is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of obesity is growing exponentially across all age groups and on all continents and it is associated with morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cancer. There is a higher risk of developing breast cancer in postmenopausal obese women, and with worse outcome for women of all ages. Objectives: To evaluate obesity prevalence in breast cancer patients and its association with recovering, survival, death, age, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and anti-human KI67 antibody(KI67). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed between 1994 and 2018 at the Breast Cancer Department, São Paulo State Government Women's Health Reference Center (Perola Byington Hospital), São Paulo, Brazil with 8824 breast cancer patients. From those, 2899 patients were excluded because they did not have description of weight and/or Body Mass Index (BMI). Survival analysis was performed according to BMI groups. Results: The participants had mean (SD) age of 54 (12.0) years and weight of 70 (15.0) kg. There were 769 (13%) deaths and the mean survival was 20 (2.0) years. 1787 (30%) participants were stratified in obese (BMI≥30Kg/m2) and 4138 (70%) non-obese Obese were older (p < 0,001) and had a higher frequency of HER2 negative (p < 0,04) than non-obese women. There were not a significant difference in frequencies of KI67, recovering and survival between groups. The prevalence of obesity was not different over 24 years. Conclusions: There was a relevant prevalence of obesity in breast cancer patients, which was associated with HER2 negative and age, but not with recovering or survival.

An Overview of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery: a Community-Based Study in Buraydah City, Saudi Arabia

An Overview of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery: a Community-Based Study in Buraydah City, Saudi Arabia

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Policies, Taxation, and Programs.

Obesity has grown at an alarming rate in children and adolescents. Concurrently, consumption on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) also rose significantly. This review provides an overview of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related to SSBs and current policies restricting SSBs in schools, school-based interventions, and taxation on reducing SSB intake and obesity. We also discuss challenges of and future steps for these initiatives. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest a strong association between SSB intake and obesity and T2DM. School food policies have been initiated at federal, state, and local levels. School-based interventions have shown positive effects on SSB intake and obesity reduction. Taxation on SSBs is promising in combating obesity and in generating revenue. Challenges towards compliance and implementation of the policies and programs exist. The relationship between SSB and obesity and T2DM is a complex problem which requires comprehensive solutions. Continued efforts in restricting SSBs in schools are needed. Intervention programs should be tailored to age, gender, language, and culture and involve participation from families and local communities. Taxation can reduce SSB consumption by direct economic incentive, earmarking revenues to support healthy foods, and sending negative message. However, a higher tax rate may be necessary to have a measurable effect on weight.

The common marmoset monkey: avenues for exploring the prenatal, placental, and postnatal mechanisms in developmental programming of pediatric obesity.

Animal models have been critical in building evidence that the prenatal experience and intrauterine environment are capable of exerting profound and permanent effects on metabolic health through developmental programming of obesity. However, despite physiological and evolutionary similarities, nonhuman primate models are relatively rare. The common marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has been used as a biomedical model for well more than 50 years and has recently been framed as an appropriate model for exploring early-life impacts on later health and disease. The spontaneous, multifactorial, and early-life development of obesity in the common marmoset make it a valuable research model for advancing our knowledge about the role of the prenatal and placental mechanisms involved in developmental programming of obesity. This paper provides a brief overview of obesity in the common marmoset, followed by a discussion of marmoset reproduction and placental characteristics. We then discuss the occurrence and utility of variable intrauterine environments in developmental programming in marmosets. Evidence of developmental programming of obesity will be given, and finally, we put forward future directions and innovations for including the placenta in developmental programming of obesity in the common marmoset.

Are dentists involved in the treatment of obesity?

The morbidity and mortality associated with being overweight or obese have been known to the medical profession to be related with an increased risk of associated diseases. This article provides an overview of obesity and addresses possible strategies for the management of this important public health concern. This narrative review sheds light on the problem of obesity and the necessity of professional oral health care to work in partnership with the medical team for managing obesity. In this regard, general dental practitioners should at least reinforce their knowledge regarding obesity and understand their potential role in the treatment and management of obese patients.

Managing Bariatric Patients in Dentistry.

Obesity is a growing issue across the world, presenting a range of challenges to society. Management of obese or bariatric patients in the dental environment has become more commonplace. This article considers an overview of obesity, reviews its dental impact and offers some solutions to minimising those challenges in the dental setting.

An Overview of Obesity in Children with Psychiatric Disorders Taking Atypical Antipsychotics

Children with psychiatric illness are at greater risk for obesity than those in the general population. In part, this greater risk is due to the escalating use of psychotropic medications. Second-generation antipsychotics effectively treat mental illness but are associated with weight gain. Data for management of obesity in this population is lacking. Articles on obesity, mental illness, and obesity management were reviewed. Keywords included children, adolescents, obesity, weight gain, psychiatric illness, therapy, treatment, and antipsychotic. For pediatric obesity, educational, nutritional, behavioral, and family-based interventions were identified as nonpharmacological interventions. All nonpharmacological modalities indicate modest to moderate success in weight control or loss. Pharmacological agents, alone or with diet and exercise, appear promising in obesity management. Since there are limited intervention studies available for obese children with psychiatric illness, general childhood obesity studies may be referenced for trials in this population. Long-term efficacy and safety of these interventions are not yet available. Methodological constraints of prior studies include small sample sizes and the absence of randomized, placebo-controlled, and longitudinal trials - highlighting the need for further trials addressing these issues. Clinical monitoring and management of medication-induced obesity remains an important public health concern.

Overview of obesity in Mainland China

This overview describes the study of obesity issues over the last 8 years in Mainland China. A disease risk-based body mass index classification for Chinese adults was developed and verified by the results of the 2002 China Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey. Age and gender-specific BMI cut-offs for Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years were also developed. As the first step in the obesity control effort, the public health implications of the prevalence of overweight and obesity were set out and publicized by the government of China. The overweight prevalence in 2002 was 22.8% and for obesity 7.1%, these having increased by 40.7% and 97.2%, respectively, since 1992. In children, dramatic increases in overweight/obesity have occurred with a two- to threefold increase in Beijing and Shanghai between 1985 and 1995; the prevalence of overweight plus obesity in 7- to 12-year-old boys approached 29% in 2000 and in girls 15-17%. The rapid development of overweight/obesity in China will undoubtedly push up the prevalence of chronic disease. The relative risk for adult hypertension and diabetes in the overweight and obese populations was 2-5 in 2002. In adolescents, the relative risk of hypertension in the overweight was 3.3 and in the obese 3.9, with a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the obese Chinese children of whom 90.5% had evidence of abdominal obesity. Even the overweight group had 15.8% with abdominal obesity. Based on the population attributable risks of overweight and obesity in 2002 and data on the direct medical costs of hypertension, diabetes, stroke and coronary heart disease, 25% of these comorbidity costs could be attributed to overweight and obesity. As the improvement in linear growth of young children is usually slower than their improvements in weight during the economic development of China, the long-term adult implications of having a problem of 'Stunted obesity' rather than simple obesity in young children are raised. Analysis of the associations between adult obesity with the individuals' fetal and early nutrition highlights the need for further investigation.

Overview of obesity

Overview of obesity

Diabetes: A Global Accounting Problem

In a survey of the 50 US states in 1985, the highest rates of obesity reported were 10–14% per capita in 8 states. This number changed drastically in the last 30 years, with 4 of the 50 states reporting >25% obesity in 2003, and the vast majority of the remaining states reporting 20–24% obesity. This article gives an overview of obesity, its relationship to diabetes, and what this means to cardiologists.

An Overview of Obesity and Weight Loss Surgery

IN BRIEFObesity has become an epidemic in the United States, with more than 60% of the population now either overweight or obese. Lifestyle modifications and weight loss medications have failed to provide significant, lasting weight loss in the majority of people who are overweight. Weight loss surgery has proven to be a safe and effective means of losing significant and lasting weight and should be considered in those who are morbidly obese.

Obesity is a surgical disease: overview of obesity and bariatric surgery.

Obesity is a surgical disease: overview of obesity and bariatric surgery.

Principles and practices in the management of obesity.

It is no surprise to readers of this journal that obesity is associated with impaired respiratory function and is a significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (1, 2). Moreover, weight loss appears to be associated with improvements in sleep-disordered breathing (3–6). It is logical then that a consistent clinical recommendation for obese patients with OSA is to lose weight (7, 8). Pack has highlighted the need for pulmonary physicians to treat obesity seriously (9), as for many obese men with OSA, the pulmonary physician may be the first contact with the healthcare system. Treating obesity will not only have effects on sleep apnea but on the many other cardiovascular sequelae that obesity and OSA share, such as hypertension. The purpose of this article is (1) to provide a brief overview of obesity and its assessment; (2) to review the efficacy of behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments for obesity; and (3) to describe specific steps that physicians can take in the office setting to help patients effectively manage their weight.

Book Review: Handbook of Obesity Treatment. Edited by Thomas A. Wadden and Albert J. Stunkard. Guilford Press, 624 pp.

For specialists in the field of obesity, the Handbook of Obesity Treatment is a “must-buy” volume. For students and persons who want to have an excellent, up-to-date reference on obesity, this book is one that will be useful and informative for many years. Research on obesity has been growing at a fast pace over the last decade, and this text captures the most recent advances in the field. Written for students and health care professionals who specialize in obesity research and clinical practice, the Wadden and Stunkard book comprises a total of 27 chapters written by some of the most outstanding experts in their fields. This book provides an overview of obesity and the many factors that contribute to and result from this complex phenomenon. The text is divided into six major sections: (1) prevalence, consequences, and etiology of obesity; (2) health consequences of weight reduction; (3) assessment of the obese adult; (4) treatment of adult obesity; (5) treatment of adult obesity: additional approaches and resources; and (6) childhood obesity and obesity prevention. Of high interest and appeal for many readers of the Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, the volume offers chapters that are related directly to behavioral assessment and treatment of obesity in adults and children. Special strengths of the edited text are the chapters on the development of childhood obesity (Berkowitz & Stunkard), treatment of childhood obesity (Goldfield, Raynor, & Epstein), and prevention of obesity (Smitz & Jeffrey). These contributions are particularly informative. The book also contains chapters on several nontraditional topics including popular diets (Melanson & Dwyer), commercial weight loss programs (Womble, Wang, & Wadden), and nondieting approaches (Foster & McGuckin). In comparison to some of the medically oriented texts on obesity, this new book is an “easy-read” for professionals from nonmedical specialty areas. To summarize, the volume is highly recommended for a variety of audiences and would constitute a strong asset to your personal collection, as well as for your institutional library.

An overview of obesity during puberty, adolescence and reproduction.

An overview of obesity during puberty, adolescence and reproduction.