Overtime Requirements Research Articles

The Home Health Crisis: (Un-) intended Consequences of the Application to Fair Labor Standards Act to Domestic Service

This note addresses three of the unintended consequences of the State of Illinois’s application of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) to Domestic Service for Individuals with Disabilities. These individuals often have major medical needs and Illinois’s application of the FLSA to health care services threatens the health and well-being of people with disabilities. This note will discuss how the implementation of new overtime rules based on the FLSA will (1) violate the Illinois Administrative Procedures Act; (2) violate Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act and the United States Supreme Court’s holding in Olmstead; and (3) will explore the ways other States have implemented the FLSA overtime requirements without putting their resident’s health at risk.

Mathematical Models to Simultaneously Determine Overtime Requirements and Schedule Cells

The problem studied in this paper was inspired from an actual textile company. The problem is more complex than usual scheduling problems in that we compute overtime requirements and make scheduling decisions simultaneously. Since having tardy jobs is not desirable, we allow overtime to minimize the number of tardy jobs. The overall objective is to maximize profits. We present various mathematical models to solve this problem. Each mathematical model reflects different overtime workforce hiring practices. An experimentation has been carried out using eight different data sets from the samples of real data collected in the above mentioned textile company. Mathematical Model 2 was the best mathematical model with respect to both profit and execution time. This model considered partial overtime periods and also allowed different overtime periods on cells. We could solve problems up to 90 jobs per period. This was much more than what the mentioned textile company had to handle on a weekly basis. As a result, these models can be used to make these decisions in many industrial settings.

Job variation in Australian advanced training in neurology

Like training posts in other medical specialties, many of the 38 Australian core training posts in neurology have been criticized over a variety of issues relating to the quality of training provided. These issues include excessive hours of work (often related to understaffing), high inpatient workload and inadequate exposure to outpatients and/or specialist procedures. To examine these issues, we conducted an audit of Australian advanced training posts in neurology to obtain baseline data. Two questionnaires were sent out, one to each head of department and another to the advanced trainees currently in post, requesting information about each of the training posts. The posts were compared with each other on an individual basis and by grouping them into three geographically related groups. There was complete ascertainment and a wide variation in most of the measures examined, including inpatient and ward consult numbers, staffing levels, general neurological and specialist outpatient clinic exposure and overtime requirements. Exposure to neurophysiology clinics and training in electroencephalogram was more uniform. Core advanced training jobs in neurology vary considerably across Australia, largely for historical reasons. This situation is suboptimal for many reasons. Training jobs ideally need to be modified to take into account the changing needs of trainees rather than just the service requirements of the various departments, but there are many resource issues involved in achieving this.

National League of Cities v Usery and the Brief Revival of the Tenth Amendment

In the wake of the New Deal Court’s relaxation of constitutional restraints on congressional power, federalism virtually disappeared as an enforceable constitutional doctrine. With the expansion of federal powers increasingly eroding Tenth Amendment protections, the Court after 1937 and until the 1990s when the Rehnquist Court waged its so-called federalism revolution generally dismissed any challenge to the expansion of national authority. The chief exception to this pattern came in National League of Cities v. Usery, which is discussed in this brief Article. In Usery, the Court briefly revived the Tenth Amendment when it struck down the 1974 amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act which extended federal wage and overtime requirements to most state and municipal employees.

Department of labor issues opinion on overtime requirements for social workers

Department of labor issues opinion on overtime requirements for social workers

Changes to the Federal Overtime Requirements May Send Heads Spinning

Changes to the Federal Overtime Requirements May Send Heads Spinning

THE EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESSORS ON JAIL STAFF JOB SATISFACTION

ABSTRACT Jails, with their unique and ever-changing mix of inmates, play a critical role in the criminal justice system. Nevertheless, despite their uniqueness, jail staff are chronically understudied relative to police and prison staff. This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature related to jail studies by surveying staff at a large county jail system in Florida in order to determine the effects of work stressors and demographic characteristics on job satisfaction. Role ambiguity was the most significant antecedent of job satisfaction, followed by dangerousness, incentive programs, age, pay perceptions, and race. Similar results were found when a subsection of custody officers was analyzed; however, satisfaction with mandatory overtime requirements became significant, while incentive programs, age, and dangerousness failed to reach statistical significance.

Improved production planning and control via low-cost prototype solutions

This paper describes prototype management information systems used to support the transformation of a job-orientated manufacturer into a preferred supplier to the Aerospace Industry. As a jobbing manufacturer the company excelled at reactive management, responding rapidly to short lead-time demands. This approach, however, was inappropriate for the increasingly competitive production of steady state orders (‘runners’) and spare parts orders (‘repeaters’). As a result, the company experienced falling delivery performances and increasing work-in-progress, inventory levels and overtime requirements. Furthermore, there was only a modest understanding of customer requirements due to the poor visibility of the order book. There was also little awareness of internal and supplier capabilities, and the planning and control systems were non-existent, relying heavily on senior management expertise. The company, however, was reluctant to invest in new management information systems, aware of the risk of expensive systems unsuited to the company requirements. Instead, prototype solutions were developed using low-cost and readily available software, which provided the stability and visibility that the company required and formed the basis of a more long-term understanding of planning and control requirements. This paper describes the iterative prototype developments to support the new company infrastructure and quantifies the benefits that were achieved through their introduction.

State Changes in Compensation Laws

Compensation and benefits professionals bear responsibility for maintaining effective wage and benefit programs that comply with a complex tangle of federal and state labor laws. In their latest legislative sessions, most states passed new compensation-related legislation, and many made significant modifications. This article summarizes new legislation on compensation provisions, including laws that increased minimum wage rates in Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont. It also reviews laws that changed tip provisions, overtime requirements, minimum wage exemptions and prevailing wage rates. In addition, it covers changes in state statutes on employment discrimination based on genetic testing and sexual orientation and new laws regulating electronic surveillance in the workplace. Other state law changes in requirements for jury duty pay, family leave and drug and alcohol testing are also summarized. Several states passed legislation that protects employers who provide information on former employees to other employers who are screening job applicants. These new laws are described along with new provisions protecting whistleblowers and some significant changes in child labor laws. Compensation professionals should carefully review the legislative changes for all of the states in which their companies employ workers to ensure compliance at the state law level.

Flexible kanban system

Just‐in‐time (JIT) systems were originally designed for deterministic production environments such as constant processing times and smooth and stable demand. However, once implemented, JIT is fraught with numerous types of uncertainties, including variations in processing time and demand, planned interruptions such as preventive maintenance and unplanned interruptions such as equipment failure. These uncertainties lead to lowered production throughput, decreased machine utilization, increased order completion time and greater backlogs and overtime requirements. In this paper, we introduce a newly developed system, which we refer to as the flexible kanban system (FKS), to cope with uncertainties and planned/unplanned interruptions. We demonstrate the superiority of the new system by considering four case examples covering various uncertainties, conducting numerous studies and comparing the overall performances of the FKS with that of the traditional JIT system. In all the cases considered, the performance of the FKS was, indeed, superior to that of the traditional JIT system.

The use of a generic simulation model in evaluating manufacturing processes

Abstract In recent years the application of simulation models to analyze the production capabilities of manufacturing processes has been increasing at IBM's Poughkeepsie plant. To avoid major programming effort for each new application, a generic simulation model was developed. The model, written in SIMPL/1 (Simulation Language Based on PL/1), was designed in modules defined on a functional basis. This language was chosen because it allowed full use of the PL/1 programming language, reduced the excessive run times experienced with large, specialized GPSS models, simplified the procedure for making input changes and provided output that could be easily interpreted by the non-programmer. The input data bases are user-oriented so that changes can be made to the system being modeled without programming support. The output generated by the model can provide the user with information on resource utilization, major process bottlenecks, overtime requirements, process throughput and process cycle time. This data is evaluated by the user to determine how well the process functions under given operating conditions so that cost effective decisions can be made. An example is provided on the model's application to a logic and memory card assembly process.