Overt Sexual Behavior Research Articles

Between a Rock and a Hard Place: "I Decided to Keep Quiet": A Qualitative Inquiry Into the Coping Experiences of Young People (15-24) Working at High-Risk Venues for HIV in Uganda.

Employment linked with social venues has long been described as permissive environments for excessive drinking, disruptive/aggressive behaviors, and overt sexual behaviors, which are known risk factors for HIV. Yet, our understanding of the extent to which workers in such high-risk work settings cope with the various risks therein is still limited. This study explored the coping strategies employed by workers at social venues. We interviewed 47 workers at 22 social venues through small group discussions (15) and in-depth interviews (10) in 2021 in Rakai district, Uganda. All discussions were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim before analysis. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. We found two main categories of coping strategies used by workers: acceptance of sexual risks and keeping safe. Acceptance of risks such as transactional sex was the most used strategy, hence highlighting negative coping. This calls for interventions for improving workers' coping efficiency and adjustment as well as interventions ameliorating the conditions underpinning increased risk of HIV at the venues.

Sexuality, social organization, and health in a women's prison

In the United States, sexuality and sexual relationships were foundational concepts for understanding women's prisons that generally receded from carceral research as the nation's incarceration rates climbed. This study reevaluates classic themes of sexuality and women's prison informal organization using social network and health data collected in two Pennsylvania women's prison units (n = 118). Sampled women perceived a high prevalence of prison-based sexual relationships and overwhelmingly endorsed the rights of sexual minorities. Additionally, network analyses found that sexual minority women had similar friendships, social status, and self-reported health as their heterosexual peers across both units, suggesting an absence of sexual stigmatization or group segregation processes. However, older, longer-term incarcerated women were more likely than their peers to hold unfavorable views toward prison sex. This was particularly evident in a “good behavior” unit holding many older, long-term residents where overt sexual behaviors could jeopardize the unit's stability and privileges.

The Viewing Reaction Time as a Diagnostic Tool of Pedohebephilia in the Dunkelfeld

Diagnosing pedohebephilia is fraught with obstacles given the tabooed nature of this sexual preference. The viewing reaction time effect (VRT) provides a non-intrusive indirect measure of sexual interest in minors. In forensic populations, the ability of the difference between the latencies while viewing child and adult sexual stimuli (VRT index) to discern child sexual offenders from a range of control groups has been ascertained meta-analytically. Given that the effect has been studied almost exclusively in forensic samples, its dependence or independence on prior overt (deviant) sexual behavior remains unclear. The present study sought to examine the relationship of prior sexual and non-sexual behaviors with the VRT in a sample of 282 self-referring, help-seeking men with and without pedohebephilia with and without a history of prior child sexual offenses (CSO) or a use of child sexual abuse materials (CSAM) recruited outside a forensic context. We found that (1) the clinical diagnosis of pedohebephilia but not prior CSO or CSAM showed a significant association with the VRT index; (2) the discriminatory ability of the VRT index did not differ significantly between samples with and without a history of prior overt sexual behavior with children; (3) the VRT index correlated positively with a behavioral marker of pedohebephilia in a subsample of individuals with prior judicially detected or undetected overt sexual behavior with children; and (4) in the same subsample, the VRT index correlated positively with markers of sexual interests in minors or hypersexuality but not of antisociality. Equivalence testing failed to refute a potential effect of prior sexual behavior on the VRT index. Our study showed that the VRT may provide an unintrusive diagnostic tool for pedohebephilia. The effect of prior overt sexual behavior with children needs further examination.

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Corrélats neuraux de l’attirance sexuelle pédophile

The high frequency of sexual offenses against children and the severity of psychiatric disturbances that they contribute to generate warrant studying the mechanisms of pedophilic attraction to children, in order to improve therapeutic and preventive approaches. Emerging research based on functional neuroimaging techniques suggests that some brain regions are more activated in pedophilic patients than in healthy controls in response to non-pornographic images representing children. These regions include the cerebellum, the right orbital gyrus, the right inferior frontal gyrus, the left fusiform gyrus, the left anterior cingulate gyrus, the right and left insulae. By contrast, in response to these images, the activation of the right middle temporal gyrus is higher in controls. To help interpret these results, we present a neurophenomenological model of sexual arousal. This model comprises four coordinated components, i.e., cognitive, emotional, motivational, and physiological (autonomic and endocrinological). The cognitive component comprises a process of appraisal through which a stimulus is categorized as a sexual incentive and quantitatively evaluated as such. The emotional component includes the specific hedonic quality of sexual arousal, i.e., the pleasure associated with rising arousal and with the perception of specific bodily changes, such as penile tumescence. The motivational component comprises the processes that direct behavior to a sexual goal, including the perceived urge to express overt sexual behavior. The autonomic and endocrinological components include various responses (i.e., cardiovascular, respiratory, genital) leading the subject to a state of physiological readiness for sexual behavior. These four components are conceived as closely interrelated and coordinated. Finally, inhibitory processes comprise: 1) processes that are active between periods of sexual arousal and that prevent its emergence; we have suggested that this type of inhibitory control is exerted by regions of the temporal lobes where activity decreases in response to visual sexual stimuli; 2) cognitive processes that may – at least in patients with decreased sexual desire – devalue the sexual relevance of visual sexual stimuli; we have proposed that this type of control is mediated by the medial orbitofrontal cortex; and 3) processes that control the overt behavioral expression of sexual arousal, once it has begun to develop; we have proposed that the head of the right caudate nucleus participates in this function. It is likely that advances in functional neuroimaging studies of pedophilia will lead to relevant results regarding judicial issues and cases. These studies should be better organized through setting up a platform dedicated to clinical and research work in this area.

Constructing and Performing Sexualities in the Penitentiaries

Prison sex research has primarily focused on overt sexual behaviors, while prisoner attitudes regarding sexuality have received considerably less attention. Moreover, little is known about the implications of such attitudes for prisoner behaviors. Applying a social constructionist framework, the present study explores how sexuality is negotiated and performed during incarceration, and situates these behaviors within the context of dominant attitudes in all-male prison environments. To this end, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with male parolees from Canadian federal penitentiaries. The results suggest that heteronormativity and homophobia are pervasive in prisoner cultures and are reflected in how sexuality is discursively constructed and acted out by incarcerated men. Implications of the current findings and directions for future research are discussed.

‘Gay’ tourists and host community attitudes

AbstractDespite the growing interest in tourism by gay men, there is little evidence (other than journalistic) of host communities' views towards such tourists. This paper describes a study of such views in a small Mexican beach destination popular with gay tourists. The village is also popular with heterosexual visitors and is known for nude bathing and drug consumption. Interviews were undertaken with a number of residents and revealed disapproval of the gay tourists. This was attributed by residents to overt sexual behaviour, and although there was no evident homophobia, it is postulated that this underlay the attitudes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Out of Control Sexual Behavior: A Qualitative Investigation

The purpose of this study was to obtain a clearer description and understanding of problematic sexual behavior. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 adult men who self-identified as having problematic sexual behavior. Study participants identified a range of meanings for their sexual behavior: meeting sexual needs, fulfillment of narcissistic needs, desire for human connection, compensation for low self esteem, need for control, reenactment of childhood trauma, avoidance of feelings, and/or coping with sexual identity issues. Thus, sexually addictive behaviors serve different psychological organizations and needs, which has particular implications for treatment to expand beyond the overt sexual behaviors.

Serial murder by children and adolescents.

Six cases of serial murder by children and adolescents spanning the past 150 years are presented. The available literature pertaining to this area is reviewed. Each of these six offenders committed sexually homicidal behavior as demonstrated by their expression of erotic interest or engagement in overt sexual behavior at the crime scenes. From a DSM-IV-TR perspective they all exhibited signs of sexual sadism, and their crime characteristics reflected behavior of a more predatory than affective nature. Hands on methods of killing were preferred, i.e., cutting, stabbing, or strangulation. These crimes are extremely rare. Case reports in this area are encouraged to advance our knowledge of these youths.

Covert sensitization: A generalization analysis in the laboratory and natural environment through the use of a portable-penile plethysmograph.

Covert sensitization has been the most widely used behavioral treatment procedure to decrease deviant sexual arousal in sex offender therapy. However, it is unknown whether reductions of deviant sexual arousal in the laboratory generalize to the natural environment. This study conducted a generalization analysis of covert sensitization treatment effects to the natural environment using a portable-penile plethysmograph for a sex offender. Results indicated that deviant sexual arousal was reduced in the laboratory, but not in the natural environment. An examination of the reasons for the lack of generalization are discussed. Covert sensitization has a long history of use in treating such socially undesirable behaviors as alcoholism (Elkins, 1980), drug use (Maletzky, 1974) and sexual deviancies (Barlow, Leitenberg, & Agras, 1969; Maletzky 1980; Moergen, Merkel, Brown 1990; Maletzky, 1993). All of these harmful behaviors could be considered maladaptive approach disorders (Cautela, 1967). Covert sensitization involves the pairing in imagination scenes of unwanted behavior with scenes aversive to the individual. The hope is that the pairing of the undesirable stimulus with the aversive stimulus creates an avoidance response to the undesirable stimulus (Cautela, 1967). Maletzky (1973) reported that for some individuals the aversive scenes in the imagination did not sufficiently suppress overt sexual behavior. Therefore, he introduced a nauseating odor with the aversive scenes. Maletzky (1973) used the term assisted covert sensitization for this procedure. The advantage of covert sensitization as a procedure for decreasing undesirable behaviors is that it can be used without the objectionable behaviors occurring. For instance, the events of past alcohol use can be imagined during therapy sessions without actual alcohol consumption. Another advantage of covert sensitization is that it can be applied to a greater range of stimulus situations (Cautela & Wisocki, 1971). In other words the alcoholic can generate both past drinking scenes and other drinking fantasies that have not actually occurred. Dougher (1993) reported that covert sensitization was one of the most widely used behavioral procedures in sex offender treatment programs. It has been implemented in two ways with sex offenders. Both procedures rely on pairing an unpleasant stimulus with the socially unacceptable, imagined behavior. The goal of covert sensitization is to reduce the desire to engage in the offending behaviors. There have been many speculations as to the mechanism by which change may occur. First, it is seen as a private, verbal operant punishment procedure that reduces corresponding overt behavior (Cautela, 1967). The assumption is that overt and covert behaviors are equivalent and obey the same laws. In addition, these overt and covert events interact and exert reciprocal control on each other (Dougher, Crossen, & Garland, 1986). A second speculation is that the procedure can condition physiological responses that are incompatible with the undesirable behavior. Maletzky (1993) reports that nausea is neurologically incompatible with sexual arousal. Thus, by conditioning a nausea response to the target stimuli (e.g., child stimuli) the offender will no longer become sexually aroused when confronted by children. Finally, a third speculation is that the conditioning procedures reduce the effectiveness of the sexual stimuli as reinforcers (Dougher, Crossen, Ferraro, & Garland, 1987). Dougher et al. (1987) suggests that covert sensitization is actually a classical conditioning procedure, not an operant procedure. They suggest that classical conditioning can alter operant behaviors by reducing the effectiveness of the targeted stimuli as reinforcers. Michael (1983) terms this process a repertoire-altering hybrid operation. Irregardless of mechanism, the goal of covert sensitization is to reduce sexual arousal to deviant stimuli and corresponding behavior (e. …

Cognitive impairment, disruptive behaviors, and home care utilization.

Disruptive behaviors by an elder with cognitive impairment, such as violence, abrupt mood swings, and overt inappropriate sexual behaviors have been known to create caregiver distress, but little is known about how these behaviors may influence the use of home care services by that elder or their informal caregiver. The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between type of cognitive impairment (cognitive impairment with no dementia, and dementia), selected disruptive behaviors, and the use of four home care services (homemaking/cleaning, personal care, in-home nursing, home-delivered meals). Secondary data analysis from the 1991-1992 Manitoba Study on Health and Aging data set was conducted, using a sample of 124 community-dwelling elders and their unpaid caregivers. Multivariate analysis revealed that disruptive behaviors were significantly associated with the use of two services: personal care and home-delivered meals. Being cognitively impaired with dementia was significant for only home-delivered meals. Overall functional status of the elder emerged as a consistent predictor.

Manifestations of sexual abuse in preschool-aged children.

All adults who interact with preschool children need to be aware of possible indicators of sexual abuse. This information is especially important to advanced practice psychiatric/mental health nurses who interact with preschool-aged children in clinical, therapeutic, educational, research, legal, and community settings and to other nurses working in pediatric settings. Because there are few, if any, absolute physical indicators of child sexual abuse, the identification of empirically based emotional and behavioral indicators is important. This article reviews six studies that sought to identify such indicators for the preschool population. Studies reviewed confirm that not all sexually abused children are equally traumatized. When sexually abused children were compared to groups of non-sexually abused children receiving psychiatric services only one discriminating variable consistently arose. When overt sexual behavior, inappropriate for age, is manifested by a preschool-aged child, sexual abuse should be suspected. The identification of manifestations of sexual abuse in preschool-aged children is an appropriate topic for nursing research.

Academic sexual intimacy violations: Ethicality and occurrence reports from undergraduates

Students at a state university (N = 583) and a nearby community college (N = 229) in a Southeastern state rated the ethicality and reported the occurrence of 15 behaviors related to student‐faculty sexual intimacy. The overt, covert, and ambiguous sexual behaviors were phrased in a nonpersonalized or a personalized manner. Students from both schools offered similar ethicality ratings and occurrence reports. The women's reports of personal sexual involvement with faculty members were consistent with previously reported incidence rates. However, the men's reports of such involvement were considerably higher than those reported in the literature. Limited participant gender differences were found in the ethicality ratings and the occurrence reports. Both ethicality ratings and occurrence reports were significantly related to the manner of questioning. An ethicality hierarchy for student‐faculty sexual intimacy was found, with overt behaviors perceived as most ethically inappropriate and ambiguous behaviors as...

Assessing the Prevalence of Unwanted Childhood Sexual Experiences

A survey of 345 college men and women avoided the conceptual and definitional of past studies of sexual victimization bv using an explicit checklist to ask respondents which of a variety of overt sexual behaviors they had experienced before the age of 16 when they did not want to. Forty-five percent of the group reported bothersome incidents, and a fifth of them, both males and females, had engaged in unwanted oral, anal, or vaginal sex. When they occurred, these severe experiences occurred both more frequently and for longer periods than did less severe experiences. The checklist procedure may be an optimal method for eliciting self-report of early, aversive sexual experiences, which may be considerably more prevalent than is commonly believed.

The evolutionary psychology of sexual harassment in organizations

We explore the value of theory developed in the field of evolutionary psychology for predicting and explaining patterns of sociosexual interaction between men and women in the workplace. In particular, we focus on assessing the value of this theoretical framework for increasing our understanding of the behavioral phenomenon of sexual harassment in organizations. To do this, we develop hypotheses based on a consideration of the evolved psychological mechanisms which have been proposed by evolutionary psychologists to underly human sexual behavior. We then review the existing literature on sociosexual behavior and sexual harassment within the workplace as a preliminary test of predictions concerning the expected profile, reaction, and motivation of recipients and initiators of sexual advances in the workplace. We also analyze the expected effect of novel aspects of the organizational environment on overt sexual behavior. This theory predicts, for example, that most sexual harassment will be initiated by men, and that young, single women will be the most frequent victims. This theory also predicts that women will generally experience a more negative reaction than men to sexual advances in the workplace, but that this emotional response will be mediated by other factors such as the profile of the initiator. The available data generally confirm these and other related predictions. Moreover, these results are quite consistent with other studies of the evolutionary psychology of human sexuality. We discuss the implications for theory in this area, and suggest some potentially fruitful avenues for original empirical research on human sexual behavior, inside or outside the workplace.

The link between sexual maturation and ?adolescent grieving? in parents of the dependent disabled

Personal experience suggested that outwardly visible signs of sexual maturation and/or overt sexual behaviour in adolescents with disabilities may act as a catalyst to trigger off an “adolescent grieving” syndrome in parents. During recent extensive professional involvement in the area of human relations and disability, confirmation that this link exists in some families has been received from a variety of sources. The particular patterns and forms in which this was observed will be described and will support the conclusion that professionals who are concerned with assisting parents to accept the sexuality of their disabled children may need to first address the wider issues associated with the grieving process. In addition, some ways in which professionals may assist parents in this situation will be suggested.

Semiotical Approach To the Ultrasonic Vocalization in the Woodmouse, Apodemus Sylvaticus L

Relations between trains of ultrasonic pulses, type II calls, and behaviour were investigated in the woodmouse, Apodemus sylvaticus L. It was demonstrated that type II calls were never detected when the animal was alone in his home cage although a call of a different physical structure was recorded in this situation. In social encounters, a high production of type II calls was registered during male/male and male/female encounters (female in behavioural oestrus). In female/female interactions, U.S. production was not systematic. Analysis was primarily based on type II call rates associated with particular behavioural patterns. High rates of type II calls were measured during approach in both male/male and male/female interactions and during following-mount behaviour. These rates remained stable throughout the whole recording period when a female met a male or when two males showed overt sexual behaviour. On the other hand, there was a marked decrease in production of type II calls in correlation with approach if both males presented agonistic behaviour. The results were analysed in a semiotical perspective. This analysis led to the hypothesis that type II calls, emitted at a high rate, convey information on the probability of occurrence of behaviour leading to mating. It was observed that at least two categories of ultrasounds were concomitant with certain activities. Therefore, in a second step analysis was based on the temporal associations of type II calls with single frequency component ultrasounds. There appeared to be a strong tendency for one type II call to alternate with one single frequency component ultrasound during following-mount behaviour. This observation could have a functional role in mating.

Female homosexuality and body build

A recent report utilizing self-reported and small-small-size data suggests that group differences in body build between heterosexual and homosexual women are likely to be minor. The data presented in this paper do not support this contention. Interviews were conducted with 241 nonpatient, exclusively homosexual women to determine their socioeconomic status, their psychosexual identification, and their overt sexual behavior patterns. The entire sample was then divided into seven psychosexual/behavioral categories derived from the interview data. Anthropometric data were collected for five subsamples and included (1) height measurements, (2) biacromial and bi-iliac measurements, (3) androgyny scores, (4) arm and leg girth measurements, (5) bicondylar diameters of the femur and humerus, (6) triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds, and (7) somatotype profiles. These data indicate that the homosexual women have narrower hips, increased arm and leg girths, less subcutaneous fat, and more muscle than heterosexual women.

The effect of photoperiod on the circadian rhythm of mating responsiveness in the fruit fly, Dacus tryoni

ABSTRACT. The daily fluctuation in mating responsiveness of Dacus tryoni was recorded through a range of light cycles. Evidence was obtained of strict control of the fluctuation by a circadian clock. The phase setting of the fluctuation in the different light cycles was in conformity with Aschoff's (1965) generalizations about circadian rhythms, and had no relationship to overt sexual behaviour occurring during the cycles. The amplitude of the fluctuation in mating responsiveness varied between cycles, suggesting possible variation in the amplitude of the oscillation of the circadian clock.

The Regulation of Overt Sexual Behavior in the Domestic Fowl

The influence of androgen therapy on sexual behaviors was studied in caponized, testicular autotransplanted and intact males from lines of chickens selected bidirectionally for mating activity. Latency intervals from hormone injection to behavioral response were similar in the lines. Although androgen stimulated sexual behavior in all lines, the response was, nevertheless, found to be only threshold in this respect. Results suggested that, despite wide differences in overt sexual behavior, a degree of receptor site equality and/or effector response existed in the three lines. The results of these experiments were integrated with existing avian and mammalian data into a functional working model.