Overseas Returnees Research Articles

Who is more popular in the faculty recruitment of Chinese elite universities: overseas returnees or domestic graduates?

Chinese universities typically demonstrate a preference for individuals with overseas educational experience in their faculty recruitment policies. However, there is a notable lack of research examining whether and to what extent overseas returnees possess an advantage over domestic graduates in securing employment at higher-ranking universities. To address this research gap, this study employs propensity score matching to compare the probability of being employed as academic faculty by prestigious universities between these two cohorts. This study entails the compilation of curriculum vitae data from faculty members at prestigious universities in China, totaling ~90,000 resumes. The results substantiate a positively skewed influence of overseas education on academics’ career advancement. Overseas returnees are more likely to obtain academic positions at higher-ranking universities compared to domestic graduates, with this effect demonstrating a consistent upward trend over time. Further subgroup analyses revealed that the advantage of overseas education varies among faculties graduating from different undergraduate institutions and undergoes changes over time. The latest trend indicates that those who attended Project 985 universities during their undergraduate stage derive the most significant advantages from studying abroad during their doctoral phase.

Overseas Returnee Executives and Digital Transformation of Enterprises: From the Perspective of Executive Compensation Gap and Executive Overconfidence

This article selects panel data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022, uses a fixed effects model to study the relationship between overseas returnee executives and digital transformation of enterprises, and analyzes the moderating effects of executive compensation gap and executive overconfidence. The research results indicate that overseas returnee executives can significantly promote the digital transformation of enterprises; The salary gap and overconfidence of executives play a negative moderating role in the positive relationship between overseas returnees executives and digital transformation of enterprises; Heterogeneity analysis shows that overseas returnee executives have a greater impact on high-tech enterprises, low marketization areas, and enterprises in the eastern region than on non-high-tech enterprises, high marketization areas, and enterprises in the central and western regions. To better solve the problems of "not being able to transform", "unwilling to do", and "afraid to transform" in the process of enterprise digital transformation, firstly, it is necessary to effectively utilize the high-quality human resources of overseas returnee executives and provide them with reasonable care and support to better play their role; The second is to optimize the executive compensation structure and strengthen the correlation between compensation and performance; The third is to pay attention to leadership training and psychological counseling for executives, and ensure objective analysis and sufficient discussion in the decision-making process of digital transformation.

Contested membership: experimental evidence on the treatment of return migrants to mainland China during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Pandemics refract sociopolitical tensions within societies and highlight how national belonging hinges on informal performances as much as legal status. While return migration has become a common practice and institutionalized strategy of state development, little scholarly work has probed how domestic populations view returnees and their claims to national membership. Using a large-scale, pre-registered online survey experiment deploying a give-or-take Dictator Game, this paper leverages the dynamics of COVID-19 to explore how Chinese nationals envision and treat returnees. First, our results illustrate that the Chinese population imagines returnees as a group of elites with substantial social and financial capital, even though returnees are a socio-economically diverse population. Next, by applying information priming, we demonstrate that Chinese nationals discriminated against overseas returnees during the pandemic and that this behavior was not primarily driven by fears of viral contagion. Finally, using mediation analysis, we show that participants’ differential behavior towards returnees can largely be explained by participants’ perceptions of returnees’ class status and adherence to key markers of national membership. Ultimately, this paper broadens our understanding of the informal dynamics of national membership and intergroup relations.

Understanding Digital Identity during the Pandemic: An Investigation of Two Chinese Spanish Teachers

During combatting the COVID-19 pandemic, the most widespread change in Spanish as a foreign language instruction is imperative online teaching. It demands that language teachers move all teaching activities to virtual platforms, facilitating the construction of their digital identities. However, there is scarce attention on Spanish teachers’ professional development, given the necessity of understanding the evolvement of their identities across virtual learning platforms. Through the lens of a case study, this research explores the digital identities of Spanish as a foreign language teachers during the school lockdown in 2022. The data includes semi-structured interviews, virtual classroom discourse, lesson plans, and reflective writing. The results show that Spanish teachers formed multiple digital identities, including curriculum innovators, vulnerable actors, involuntary team workers, overseas returnees, and academic researchers. Among them, the first three are core identities, while overseas returnees and academic researchers are peripheral identities. Regardless, they were formed and negotiated under the influence of teachers’ past experiences, the exercise of agency, emotional vulnerability, and social context. In addition, a contradictory belief in teaching was also identified during the formation of Chinese Spanish teachers’ digital identities.

Research on the Employment Competitiveness of Overseas Returnees and the Construction of an Evaluation System

The study involved conducting both quantitative and qualitative analyses on the employment competitiveness of 186 overseas returnees and then developed an evaluation system for assessing their employment competitiveness. The study also compared the disparities between self-evaluation and social expectations among the returnees. Based on the findings, several countermeasures were proposed. At the individual level, emphasis should be placed on fostering professional and foreign language skills, early career planning, and establishing clear employment evaluation criteria. At the government and social levels, it is recommended to establish a database and strengthen the formulation and implementation of employment policies for these students.

Application of deep learning-based diagnostic systems in screening asymptomatic COVID-19 patients among oversea returnees.

Our study aimed to investigate the performance of deep learning (DL)-based diagnostic systems in alerting against COVID-19, especially among asymptomatic individuals coming from overseas, and to analyze the features of identified asymptomatic patients in detail. DL diagnostic systems were deployed to assist in the screening of COVID-19, including the pneumonia system and pulmonary nodules system. 1,917 overseas returnees who underwent CT examination and rRT-PCR tests were enrolled. DL pneumonia system promptly alerted clinicians to suspected COVID-19 after CT examinations while the performance was evaluated with rRT-PCR results as the reference. The radiological features of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases were described according to the Nomenclature of the Fleischner Society. Fifty-three cases were confirmed as COVID-19 patients by rRT-PCR tests, including 5 asymptomatic cases. DL pneumonia system correctly alerted 50 cases as suspected COVID-19 with a sensitivity of 0.9434 and specificity of 0.9592 (within 2 minutes per case); while the pulmonary nodules system alerted 2 of the 3 missed asymptomatic cases. Additionally, five asymptomatic patients presented different characteristics such as elevated creatine kinase level and prolonged prothrombin time, as well as atypical radiological features. DL diagnostic systems are promising complementary approaches for prompt screening of imported COVID-19 patients, even the imported asymptomatic cases. Unique clinical and radiological characteristics of asymptomatic cases might be of great value in screening as well. DL-based systems are practical, efficient, and reliable to assist radiologists in screening COVID-19 patients. Differential features of asymptomatic patients might be useful to clinicians in the frontline to differentiate asymptomatic cases.

Talented overseas returnees and outward foreign direct investment

This paper studies the effects of talented overseas returnees on firms’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Using hand-collected data on the overseas experience of senior managers at Chinese-listed companies, we find that talented returnees significantly increase the probability of firms engaging in OFDI, especially in countries where the returnees worked or studied. Financial constraints and information asymmetry are two underlying mechanisms. Constrained firms are less likely to invest in areas in which they have less experience. And country-specific experience is particularly important in countries with poor information transparency.

The influence of returnee technology executives on enterprise innovation: the innovation patent data of global exchange market listed companies

In this paper, the innovation patent data of 344 Chinese Global Exchange Market (GEM) listed companies from 2014 to 2018 is manually collected, and the effect of returnee technology executives (RTEs) on enterprise innovativeness is examined based on the empirical theory of the high ladder team. The study finds that RTEs promote enterprise innovation and that this effect persists after controlling for endogeneity and self-selection problems. By comparing the difference in the effect of RTEs on breakthrough innovation and non-breakthrough innovation, the study found that RTEs had a more significant role in promoting enterprise breakthrough innovation. Furthermore, through executive group analysis, it is found that Returnee Technology Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) have more potently positive effect on promoting enterprise innovation especially breakthrough innovation and RTEs exert greater prominence in fostering innovation in companies across developed coastal areas. The research theoretically expands and deepens the investigation on the rapport between enterprise executive characteristics and innovation, highlights the importance of the human capital of overseas returnees in practice, and has a certain guiding significance for enterprise talent introduction policies.

Comparison of Urban Studies and Urban Planning

This research aimed to find the differences between the American undergraduate major Urban Studies and the Chinese undergraduate major Urban Planning and aimed to figure out which major would help students find a better job in China. The researcher reviewed different universities’ syllabi and found that the learning objectives and course contents of the two majors in the two countries were different. The American major Urban Studies was more about social science. The Chinese major Urban Planning was more about planning and designing, including sketching graphs for architecture and communities. Both majors had their advantages. After that, the researcher reviewed different companies’ employment requirements and found that almost none of the planning institutes in China refused to employ overseas returnees who majored in Urban Studies. The researcher then published a survey on a Chinese Q&A platform to check whether overseas returnees had problems when they were working in a Chinese planning institute, and found that some of them were not familiar with the Chinese style of urban planning. As a result, the researcher interviewed two Chinese urban planning experts for finding solutions to the above question and found it was easy to solve since most people who had abroad education experience would have strong learning abilities. In addition, they could work in the field they were familiar with because there were diverse working forms in Chinese planning institutes. Thus, it could be a good choice to learn Urban Studies in America, especially for students who are interested in social science, and those people could find a good job in China.

Research on the Effectiveness and Promotion Strategy of Overseas Returnees in Colleges and Universities under the Background of “Double First-Class” Construction

This paper selects the literature related to the introduction of university returnees in China Academic Journal Publishing General Library from 2008 to 2022, collects the literature data as two retrieval items, and analyzes the knowledge structure and hot issues of domestic academic circles on the introduction of overseas returnees in colleges and universities by using bibliometric tools such as Citespace and CNKI visualization software. It is found that the establishment of the ternary interactive model of academic ecology of the returned teachers in colleges and universities will improve their work efficiency and relieve their work pressure. Establish IPO model of academic innovation of college returnees teachers, and obtain the influencing factors that promote individual academic innovation and team research innovation output; by analyzing the common relationship between academic ecology and academic innovation, the strategies to improve the effectiveness of overseas returnees in colleges and universities are obtained.

From capital to habitus: understanding urban overseas returnees’ class identity construction

ABSTRACT Informed by Bourdieu’s conceptualisation of habitus and its relation with social class, this study explores the construction and negotiation of middle-class identity among a group of urban overseas returnees in China. Using ethnographic interviews and online observational data, the study found that participants built a compliant identity conforming to their parents’ expectations and metrics of being ‘middle-class’. However, they resisted their families’ positioning and the ideal class role images imposed upon them. In their workplace, participants negotiated this middle-class identity mainly by exhibiting professional qualities drawing upon their linguistic capital and new habitus gained through their overseas educational experiences. The privileged identity that the participants exhibited, however, was not without dilemmas and struggles due to their different set of habitus and linguistic practices. Finally, participants were found to project a new middle-class image with translanguaging practice and distinctive lifestyles by co-constructing a ‘returnees circle’.

Talent Migration in Knowledge Economy: The Case of China's Silicon Valley, Shenzhen.

Talent is a key resource in a knowledge economy. It plays a critical role in national economic growth and technological innovation. China’s technological power is rising, and its ambitious push for talent is supported by central and local government. Through the lens of Shenzhen, China’s Silicon Valley, this article examines the Shenzhen Talent Policy and its effectiveness in attracting both domestic talent and overseas returnees. Document analysis is combined with in-depth interviews with returnee entrepreneurs, university professors, and Shenzhen local government officials to examine talent migration and the effectiveness of talent policy. This study findings reveal that the welcoming and tolerant culture of Shenzhen is key to the city’s attractiveness to its existing and potential talent. Entrepreneurial scientists and engineers are likely to return to Shenzhen from abroad for business opportunities in applied innovation and technology commercialization. Academics report an average or dissatisfying attitude towards the scientific environment and professional development. State-led talent policy puts emphasis on technical human capital to meet its urgent developmental needs. The reform of higher education system in Shenzhen is needed to fully realize its technological ambition. In addition, this study shows that younger generation Chinese cares about their personal wellbeing, individual happiness, and career opportunities compared to older generation’s emphasis on economic benefits. This article concludes with policy implications on worldwide talent attraction and talent migration in a new geopolitical era.

Do Overseas Returnees Excel in the Chinese Labour Market?

AbstractOverseas study is a global phenomenon and a major business internationally. But does overseas study pay off? Using data from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), we examine the labour market performance of overseas returnees in China. To obtain more accurate results, we matched each returnee with a local so that the domestic group is as similar as possible to the returnee group. We then conducted empirical analyses of the matched data. We find that compared with domestic postgraduates, returnee postgraduates earn about 20 per cent more annually. Moreover, the salary premiums paid for foreign graduate degrees can be attributed principally to the superior human capital gained from overseas education rather than from any “signalling” effect. Also, returnees with graduate degrees are more likely to enter high-income professions and foreign-funded ventures, and to reach higher positions in those organizations. However, we find no significant differences in income, occupation choices and positions between returnee and local bachelor's degree recipients. As such, we suggest that Chinese students and their families are best served when the students obtain a local undergraduate degree and then go overseas for graduate training.

Parameter accuracy analysis of weak-value amplification process in the presence of noise* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0305200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674234 and 11605205), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant Nos. cstc2015jcyjA00021 and cstc2018jcyjAX0656), the Innovation Project of Sichuan University (Grant No. 2018SCUH0021), the

We theoretically introduce the statistical uncertainty of photon number and phase error to discuss the precision of parameters to be measured based on weak measurements. When the photon counting scheme is used, we discuss the relative accuracy of the system in the presence of phase error by using the orthogonal and nonorthogonal pre- and post-selected states, respectively. When using the measurement scheme of pointer shift, we discuss the measurement accuracy in the presence of phase error, pointer resolution, and statistical uncertainty. These results give a guide way to get the smallest relative precision and deepen our understanding about weak measurement.

Carriers of Competing Institutional Logics: The Effect of Returnees in Corporate Boards on M&A

This study examines how overseas returnees from developed countries impacts the cross-border and domestic M&A of the firms in the emerging economies. While the existing literature on overseas returnees has treated the returnees only as the carriers of knowledge, we argue that the returnees could also be the carriers of competing institutional logics. The competing institutional logics makes the overseas returnees more likely to have conflicts with other employees who are regulated by local institutional logics. The conflicts will weaken or even reverse the benefits of the carried knowledge of the overseas returnees. Using a panel data of public listed firms in China, we argue that the positive effect of overseas returnees in the corporate board on cross-border M&As is weaker when the firm is state-owned and/or the firm is located in a province that is less open. We find strong support for our argument.

COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Measures for containment

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered novel coronavirus, renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). 1 It was unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. 2 The outbreak was linked epidemiologically to the Hua Nan seafood and wet animal wholesale market in Wuhan, and the market was subsequently closed on 1 January 2020. 3 The virus rapidly spread to all provinces in China, as well as a number of countries overseas, and was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the Director General of the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020.4 Subsequently, on 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-18 a pandemic.5 It is the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus. 6
 Around the globe, hundreds of thousands have been infected and tens of thousands people died including frontline workforce including physicians, nurses and others. Bangladesh reported its first confirmed COVID-19 case on 8 March 2020, after three people, two men and a woman tested positive for the coronavirus. Two of the infected are recently returned from Italy, and the other one is a female family member of the infected male. On the 18 March, 2020, Bangladesh confirmed the first death from COVID-19. 7 In Bangladesh, till 30 March 2020, 49 confirmed cases and there were five deaths due to COVID-19.8
 This pandemic-a global calamity, is not only a health concern, it is a threat to life and livelihoods worldwide. In addition to health, major disruptions are also occurred in business, education, transports and others areas. It causes interruption in every aspect of day to day life.
 To prevent and control infections, the immediate challenges ahead are to conduct the tests, isolation of infected cases, tracing of the contacts and quarantine, and appropriate measures for the overseas returnees. An effective risk communication with community engagement is critical to reduce the stigma, fake news, psychological stress. It is essential to bring courage and mental strength of the frontline fighters, and support for the poor and daily wage earners etc.
 Aimed at preventing and control of SARS-COV-2, government of Bangladesh has already initiated steps including enhancement of public awareness on hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, social distancing, wearing of masks, avoidance of public gatherings, campaign against myths, fake news and stigma; preparing the health care services including expansion of hospital facilities, training and protective measures for the health workforce and other frontline fighters. Furthermore, steps are being taken conducting RT PCR tests, isolating infected cases, tracing contacts, quarantine the contacts and overseas returnees, and other necessary measures. The government has declared the general holiday in Bangladesh including closure of the educational institutes and office and workplaces, to prevent and control of infections. Necessary steps have been initiated for the social and economic protections of the vulnerable including expansion of the existing social safety net programmes. Aimed at adequate and timely response to the COVID-19, the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, developed a number of guidelines and manuals for the containment of this pandemic disease. For an effective and timely preparedness and response, the DGHS has developed ‘National Preparedness and Response Plan for COVID-19, Bangladesh’.9
 For better response, well-coordinated and cooperated global efforts, including exchange of information, scientific knowledge, research findings, expertise and best practices are important. All countries should implement WHO guidelines and recommendations. 
 In Bangladesh, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare alone cannot mitigate this pandemic. Strengthening of the coordinated efforts among the ministries, and effective and timely engagement of the non-government and private sectors are strongly recommended. Intensification of RT-PCR lab tests for case detection, and isolation and management of cases, and to trace the contacts and ensure quarantine, surveillance, and research, serological tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) to estimate the population exposure, strengthening public awareness and risk communication, strict implementation of personal hygiene, use of face mask, social distancing and other measures are thus suggested to prevent and control COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(1): 01-02

Research on the Impact of Returnee Executives' Strategic CSR Orientation on Corporate Value

An increasing number of studies have focused on the impact of the increase in the proportion of overseas returnees in enterprise management. How do executives with an overseas background affect corporate value? Based on Upper Echelons Theory, this paper studies the influence of overseas returnees on enterprise value from the perspective of strategic corporate social responsibility. Based on the sample composed of companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange, the research shows that executives from overseas through strengthening strategic corporate social responsibility, make the enterprise social responsibility incorporated into the development of business strategy, finally promoting the ascension of the enterprise value. Namely, the strategic corporate social responsibility orientation plays an intermediary role between executives from overseas and enterprise value. This study further correlates the characteristics of overseas returnees with the strategic decisions of enterprises, deepens the understanding of the realization mechanism of overseas executives' promotion of corporate value, enriches the research results of factors influencing corporate social responsibility, to improve the active construction of local enterprises' social responsibility by changing the structure of the executive.

Extended validity of weak measurement**Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0305200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674234 and 11605205), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China (Grant Nos. cstc2015jcyjA00021 and cstc2018jcyjAX0656), Innovation Project of Sichuan University, China (Grant No. 2018SCUH0021), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant

We introduce a modified weak value that is related to the mean value of input meter variable. With the help of the modified weak value, the validity conditions for various modified versions of weak value formalism are investigated, in terms of the dependence of the pointer shift on the mean value of the input meter. The weak value formalism, often used to represent the pointer shift, with the modified weak value is of great use in simplifying calculations and giving guidance of practical experiments whenever the mean value of the input meter variable is nonzero. The simulation in a qubit system is presented and coincident well with our theoretical result.

Critical Reflections on Mainland China and Taiwan Overseas Returnees’ Job Searches and Career Development Experiences in the Rising Trend of Anti-globalisation

In the last few decades, the growth of gross enrolment ratios in higher education in the Asia and Pacific region reveals an increasing level of economic, social and political confidence within the region. The consistent and enhanced performances of higher education systems in Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, Mainland China, Malaysia and Taiwan are revealed clearly by different global university league tables, such as QS, Times Higher Education and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Ranking. Many governments in Asia believe investing in higher education would enhance their national competitiveness in the global marketplace. Therefore, different public policy measures have been adopted to engage not only the public sector but also the private sector to create more higher education opportunities, which has resulted in the massification of higher education. With a strong belief that higher education investments would bring good returns to both individuals and the nation, governments and families, individuals in Mainland China and Taiwan have followed the similar trends outlined above. An increasing number of individuals have sought education overseas with the confidence that it would bring them positive returns and enhance their job search and career developments after they have obtained degrees from foreign universities. This article sets out against this sociopolitical context to conduct a critical examination of how students from Mainland China and Taiwan who have graduated from UK universities evaluate the effects of overseas studies on their job search and career development. More specifically, this article reflects critically upon the value of international learning against the growing wave of anti-globalism and heated debates that question the value of the internationalisation of higher education.

Pressure, Anxiety and Subjective well being in Chinese Overseas Returnees

Pressure, Anxiety and Subjective well being in Chinese Overseas Returnees