Overseas Americans Research Articles

Democrats abroad: What motivates core activists to engage in political transnationalism?

AbstractResearch into transnational political engagement of non‐resident citizens has largely focused on the Global South and less on the Global North. This article focuses on non‐resident United States citizens, or overseas Americans, asking what motivates them to become politically engaged. This article contributes insights to an insufficiently explored case. Drawing from 14 semi‐structured interviews with strongly politically engaged US citizens living abroad, this article shows that they engage in political activism for many of the same reasons as individuals from other countries, as well as ones which may be unique to the US case. Key factors include mobilising to change things at home, the role of the United States in the world, civic duty, fulfilling work and reactive transnationalism. The article concludes with policy recommendations and sets the scene for future comparative research, both within the Global North and between Global North and Global South non‐resident citizen groups.

Adaptations to global changes: strategic evolutions of an elite school, 1961–2011

ABSTRACT This article explores elite international education in the late twentieth century through the case of the Leysin American School (LAS), an international boarding school in Switzerland. From LAS’s founding in 1961 to its re-branding in 2011, broader geopolitical and economic frameworks shifted from a period dominated by the Cold War to one informed by international capitalism, itself an evolution of American Cold War strategies. In parallel, the school, established for overseas Americans and oriented towards the needs of the American Cold War, was refashioned to link to the emerging global financial elite. It is argued that these adjustments to broader changes can be understood as an exercise in institutional adaptability within certain parameters. Such a finding offers critical insight into how elite schools strategically respond to globalising processes over time, in order to remain both solvent and relevant.

Tax Strategies Employed by Overseas American Individuals and SMEs

A study of the tax behavior of overseas Americans, both individuals and small firms is proposed. The researcher aims to discover and model behavior, through text analysis of data collected from a wide range of sources using interviews, surveys, blog and forum postings, published reports as well as personal communications, to demonstrate and inform using the pattern matching method initially proposed by Trochim (1989). Text mining and modeling techniques, using unsupervised machine learning facilitate large-scale analysis, and have been widely deployed in a range of language-based studies, driven by human-machine interaction. Major multinational corporations are excluded, and the study focuses on individuals and the smaller-scale juristic persons such as small and medium enterprises (SME). Behavioral approaches to taxation will motivate a better understanding of the phenomenon tax avoidance and tax evasion, once quantitative modeled. Overseas Americans are taxable, no matter where they reside globally, on the basis of having American citizenship. Non-citizens with a USA connection may also be subject to US taxes. The range of US taxable entities operating overseas include corporations, individuals, estates and trusts, and many of the small businesses filing as flow-through entities under the individual code, namely S-corporations, sole proprietorships, and partnerships, will be included in the study. There are an estimated 9 million taxable overseas Americans corporations and business entities. The Congressional Research Service (Gravelle, 2015), reported that as many as 100 billion U.S. dollars may go uncollected, due to tax evasion and a similar tax shortfall figure of 100 billion dollars is due to tax avoidance. Avoidance tends to be attributed to U.S. origin, multinational corporations and evasion by the smaller entities. The tax collection is exacerbated by changes to the 2018 tax code, which encourages compliance through tax cuts to a fixed 21% rate for the corporate sector, and reduced taxes for individual , opening up new avenues for aggressive tax avoidance strategies. A gap in the literature is the uncertainty regarding changing of the U.S. tax code in 2018 and how it will affect overseas American tax entities.

The Nuances of Negotiating Overseas

The Nuances of Negotiating Overseas American industry spends billions of dollars to purchase supplies and capital equipment from foreign sources. Virtually all of these purchases are the result of negotiations. The success of each of these negotiations is influenced, in part, by the American negotiator's ability to understand the needs and the ways of thinking and acting of representatives of the foreign firms. Negotiating is a process that is greatly enhanced when negotiators understand their counterparts--the wants, needs, and frame of reference of those at the other side of the table. This type of understanding helps all negotiators reach a satisfactory agreement. U.S. negotiators perform more effectively in these negotiations if they understand the and business heritage of their opposites and the effect of this heritage of their opposites and the effect of this heritage on the opposite's negotiation strategies and tactics. Recently, research was conducted on this important issue under the sponsorship of the United States Air Force. A majority of the individuals contacted in conjunction with this research believe firmly that most American negotiators need this information to assist them in their work. Intercultural communication can be difficult. Even when one overcomes the natural barriers of language difference, it is still possible to fail to understand and to be understood. When one is unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, there is a tendency to place the blame for communication failure on the other person. It may be obvious that there are language differences between groups. But many busy American executives believe that a competent interpreter is all that is necessary to overcome these differences. The use of interpreters, while allowing communication to take place, does not obviate the need for an understanding of the non-American's culture. During the research, it became clear that the ability to understand a non-American's background is of great practical advantage. It puts the non-American off his guard. He expects most Americans to be clumsy and able to do business only in the American way. The American heritage of team sports appears to result in what can best be described as team players. This is not the case in Europe. The Europeans tend not to be as well prepared nor as coordinated as their American counterparts. The teamwork and team play commonly present on the American side was usually absent on the European side. The Japanese, on the other hand, are excellent team players. PREPARATION All the individuals interviewed in conjunction with this research emphasized the need for extensive preparation for the face-to-face phase of the negotiation. In addition to the conventional preparation for any negotiation, the need for extensive study of the culture(s) was repeatedly stressed. This should include reading about the history and customs of the country in question and discussions with others who have had experience dealing with citizens of the foreign country. The focus of these preparations should be on the culture, not the language. A second aspect of the cultural preparation process emerged as the research progressed. This second step apparently became important in cases where there was a strong likelihood of continuing relations, i.e., one or more transactions that would require a year or so for completion. Under such circumstances, the non-Americans (accompanied by their wives) normally would visit the United States firm. The American hosts went to considerable lengths to become acquainted with their counterparts (and their wives) on a social basis. The Americans hosted the visitors in their homes (a rarity in Europe and Japan). The Americans and their wives developed good relations with their counterparts. This bank of goodwill, while not a means of co-opting the opposition, provided a desire and willingness to understand, which frequently proved to be invaluable during subsequent transactions. …

Status Comparability and Attitudes Toward a Foreign Host Nation: A Cross-Cultural Study

Summary An investigation was made of four models of the effects of status inter-relationships during an overseas sojourn on the attitudes toward the nations visited. Questionnaires were given to 158 Ss in four groups (all groups included roughly 70% males and 30% females): Italian overseas and control groups, and American overseas and control groups. For overseas Italians, superiority to the reference group in terms of prestige, intellectual, and mean status was a significant predictor of attitudes. For overseas Americans, merely present status, devoid of a referent, was significant, but only with attractiveness status. The equal status principle and status gain models were not significant with either group. Of nonstatus variables, the most significant correlate for both groups was satisfaction with the entertainment facilities. The cross-cultural similarities supported social exchange theory, and the differences supported popular stereotypes of the two cultures and a field theoretical position on insecur...

Garrison Community: A Study of an Overseas American Military Colony

Garrison Community: A Study of an Overseas American Military Colony

Garrison Community: A Study of an Overseas American Military Colony.

In this study of an American military colony in Ankara, Professor Wolf brilliantly describes and analyzes the garrison's community life and its relationship to the surrounding Turkish society.

The Foreign Service Officer

As career Foreign Service Officers (FSO's) carry out their diplomatic and consular functions, they necessarily assume a unique role in a foreign country as compared with their fellow overseas Americans. Conducting the business of the United States government in the host country, their re lationships with local people take on an inescapable official significance. In addition, their diplomatic status calls for par ticipation in the activities of the local multinational diplomatic corps. The result is a special set of conditions on which For eign Service life overseas is based. In the postwar period, the scope and variety of demands made on the Foreign Service have expanded along with increased United States responsi bilities and a vastly increased number of official Americans abroad. These changing conditions of international diplomacy have posed new problems in defining the professionalism of diplomacy for United States Foreign Service Officers. How ever, the Service is still given cohesion by participation in a common career "subculture" which derives from similarity of experience, the traditions of the Service, a sense of belonging to an FSO community which is dispersed over the world, and a common set of values and objectives.

The American Family in India

In India, overseas American men under govern ment, business, missionary, and cultural-exchange sponsorship typically are married. Although their wives perform many of the same functions abroad as at home, the cultural, social, and physical contexts are quite divergent. In addition, their "de pendency" and "representational" statuses mean that family life and work life of husbands are closely intertwined. There are three areas which are unusually productive of family stresses early in the overseas assignment which ramify into the effectiveness of the primary employee: unavailability of housing and protracted stays in hotels; difficulties in inter acting with servants because of the gross cultural, social, and linguistic disparities between the American wife and house hold employees; and illness precipitated by high exposure to hazards for which they have not yet developed routinized health practices. Wives, the local American communities, and the organizational sponsors have developed reasonably satis factory "third-cultural" solutions which in time are utilized by most families to meet these stress-producing circumstances. A fourth area, inadequate educational facilities for children, because it is least subject to individual resolution or even the action of a single organization, remains a major obstacle in the retention of American fathers most qualified for work roles in India, especially as their children approach the secondary school age.

America and the World Revolution: Public Lectures Delivered at the University of Pennsylvania, Spring 1961 and The Overseas Americans

America and the World Revolution: Public Lectures Delivered at the University of Pennsylvania, Spring 1961 and The Overseas Americans

Overseas Americans in Southeast Asia: Fact in Fiction

Americans abroad are becoming a national concern of great importance because of the enormous numbers of people and amounts of money involved in American aid programs. Reports of waste and ineffectiveness multiply. Not only newspaper accounts, government reports, and the statements of social scientists have been contributing to the protest, but there has also been a rash of novels, often effectively (though not always accurately) portraying the situation. Many of these novels have included missionaries within their portrayal, and all which are well done are most pertinent to missionaries who are a part of the overseas community. In this article Prof. Hart analyzes the novels for the assumptions they show and for the patterns that show up in the different characterizations. In effect, it is a study of what the novelists think Americans abroad are like, and what they should be like.

Overseas Americans in Southeast Asia: Fact in Fiction

Research Article| January 01 1961 Overseas Americans in Southeast Asia: Fact in Fiction Donn V. Hart Donn V. Hart Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1961) 30 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/3023719 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Donn V. Hart; Overseas Americans in Southeast Asia: Fact in Fiction. Far Eastern Survey 1 January 1961; 30 (1): 1–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3023719 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Overseas Americans in Southeast Asia: Fact in Fiction

Overseas Americans in Southeast Asia: Fact in Fiction

Agricultural Policy, Politics, and the Public Interest Suggestions for Additional Reading

lumbia University Press, 1956. Cleveland, Harlan and Gerard J. Mangone (Editors). The Art of Overseasmanship. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1957. Cleveland, Harlan, Gerard J. Mangone, and John Clarke Adams. The Overseas Americans. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1960. Glick, Philip M. The Administration of Technical Assistance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957. Hickman, C. Addison. Our Farm Program and Foreign Trade: A Conflict of National Policies. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1949. Johnson, D. Gale. Price Policy and International Trade. Essays in International Finance. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954. . Trade and Agriculture: A Study of Inconsistent Policies. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1950. Liska, George. The New Statecraft. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960 (reviewed in this issue). Mosher, Arthur T. Technical Cooperation in Latin America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956. Smith, Mervin G. et al. Increasing Understanding of Public Programs and Policies. The Farm Foundation, Chicago and the Center for Agricultural Economic Adjustment, Iowa State University, Ames, 1959. Weidner, Edward W. et al. The Intertional Programs of American Universities. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1958.

The Overseas‐Americans

The International ExecutiveVolume 2, Issue 3 p. 5-6 Article The Overseas-Americans Harlan Cleveland, Harlan Cleveland Dean andSearch for more papers by this authorCerard J. Mangone, Cerard J. MangoneSearch for more papers by this authorJohn Clarke Adams, John Clarke Adams Professors, Maxwell School, Syracuse University. Summarized by permission from The Overseas Americans (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1960) 316 p. Sec p. 38.Search for more papers by this author Harlan Cleveland, Harlan Cleveland Dean andSearch for more papers by this authorCerard J. Mangone, Cerard J. MangoneSearch for more papers by this authorJohn Clarke Adams, John Clarke Adams Professors, Maxwell School, Syracuse University. Summarized by permission from The Overseas Americans (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1960) 316 p. Sec p. 38.Search for more papers by this author First published: Summer 1960 https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060020302Citations: 57 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume2, Issue3Summer 1960Pages 5-6 RelatedInformation