Overprotective Mother Research Articles

Peter's Trypanophobia and Hemophobia

Peter presented to the clinic with dreadful fear of needles: Trypanophobia and overwhelming fear of blood: Hemophobia. His case complicated his need for medication and interfered with his school performance. History of anxiety disorders made him vulnerable to this condition, and his overprotective mother perpetuated his fear unintentionally. He was successfully treated with cognitive behavioral therapy CBT.

Overprotective mother or Munchausen syndrome by proxy? Characteristics of the disease based on a literature review

Background: Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP), first described by Meadow in 1977, is a mental disorder in which the caregiver or parent (usually the mother) causes the child to become ill to attract attention. The disease most often affects women, with sufferers usually appearing very caring and involved in the treatment. However, they harm the child, leading to physical and mental damage and sometimes death. The caregiver fabricates disease symptoms and will report false symptoms in the child or directly cause the disease. Moreover, they agree to diagnostic procedures and numerous medical interventions and deny the cause of the disease, and after separation from the caregiver, the child’s condition improves. Aim of the study: The purpose of this review is to present a characterization of MSBP, taking into account its diagnostic difficulties, treatment methods, and consequences for the child. Material and methods: All relevant publications were retrieved from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, with keywords including “Munchausen syndrome by proxy” (PubMed – 780 results; Google Scholar – 10500 results), “Munchausen syndrome by proxy diagnosis” (PubMed – 612 results; Google Scholar – 7940 results), and “Munchausen syndrome by proxy treatment” (PubMed – 301 results; Google Scholar – 8210 results), with 53 papers selected. Half of the studies had been published in the last five years.Results: The main MSBP diagnostic difficulties include the low age of the victims and the frequent changes of treatment centers, which often worsen the child’s condition. According to some scientists, MSBP psychotherapy treatment may produce the expected results for the patient and child. Children can die or develop future mental and physical problems as a result of their parent’s disorder.Conclusions: MSBP is a disease that is usually severe and difficult to diagnose and treat, and to which children fall victim. In order to diagnose MSBP, attending physician vigilance is essential.

Exploring the connection between parental bonding and smartphone addiction in Chinese medical students

BackgroundSmartphone addiction bodes adverse consequences, affecting different populations, including medical students. Parental bonding in childhood had been associated with addiction and recovery in later life. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations between parental bonding and smartphone addiction among Chinese medical students.MethodBinary logistic regressions were used to investigate the associations between parental bonding with mothers and fathers, respectively, and smartphone addiction. Interaction terms of care and protection were included in the models.ResultsA total of 517 medical students were included in the study. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 48.16% (n = 249). The estimated effects of maternal and paternal parenting on smartphone addiction differed. Maternal protection was positively associated with smartphone addiction (OR, 1.046;95% CI, 1.005-1.087), and maternal care enhanced the estimated effect of protection on smartphone addiction. Paternal care was negatively associated with smartphone addiction (OR, 0.954;95% CI, 0.919-0.989).ConclusionsChinese medical students with overprotective mothers or with indifferent fathers tended to exhibit traits of smartphone addiction. Further studies on factors influencing the associations between parental bonding and smartphone addiction may pave the way for potential family-oriented interventions for smartphone addiction.

Becoming Italian

Becoming Italian

O COTIDIANO DE PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNO ESPECTRO AUTISTA DE ALTA FUNCIONALIDADE: uma análise da Série Atypical

Autism is classified as a global developmental disorder, characterized by growth sharply atypical in social interaction and in communication and the presence of a restricted repertoire of activities and personal interests (APA, 2013). Based on this was realized this analysis essay of the American series Atypical, where the main character Samuel, a young of 18 years old diagnosed with ASD goes through moments of anguish, when seeks his independence, having an overprotective mother, an older sister who seeks to welcome, a father having difficulty communicating with him and friends who serve as motivation for your daily development. The idea is postulated that when an illness or disability occurs in one of the family members, a chain of emotional stages occurs and attitudinal approximately constant and universal, these being: shock, denial, depression, adaptation and reorganization (Klüber-Ross, 1996). It can be said that the discussion of the topic addressed is of total relevance so that there is greater inclusion of patients with ASD, intending to contribute to the increase of society's knowledge about the challenges faced by autistic patients, their families and friends.

Pink Floyd ”“ The Wall

Pink Floyd The Wall é um filme britânico lançado em 1982. Dirigido por Alan Parker, com roteiro do baixista Roger Waters e animações de Gerald Scarfe. O longa-metragem é baseado no disco conceitual The Wall (1979), Trata-se de uma distopia narrativa que flerta com o surrealismo. Cujo roteiro apresenta a jornada de Pink, um astro de rock que tem que lidar com diversos muros metafóricos e reais que a vida lhe impôs: um presente repleto de solidão, drogas e um casamento turbulento. O passado marcado por uma mãe superprotetora, um pai morto na guerra e uma escola opressora. O artigo faz uma aproximação teórica entre a historiografia, tais como Marc Ferro, Rafael Hagemeyer e Michele Lagny e o cinema, sobretudo linguagem cinematográfica e animação, como David Bordewell, Kristin Thompson, Jacques Autont, Michel Marie, Eduardo Peñuela Cañizal, Maria Prammaggiore e Tom Wallis.

OVERROTECTVE MOTHER IN JODDI PICOULT’S NOVEL, MY SISTER’S KEEPER

The objectives of this study are to reveal the causes and negative impacts of overprotective mother’s attitude towards her child in the best-selling novel entitled My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult, and to see how overprotective Sara Fitzgerald as a mother who has an overprotective attitude towards her second child. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with library study to find out the overprotective mother and how the overprotective developed by applying internal and external overprotective theory and mother's theory. The primary data used is the novel itself. Secondary data are books and articles relating to conflict theory. The results showed that there was a major problem that caused by Sara Fitzgerald as an overprotective mother and the impact of her overprotective attitude towards her daughter. There are two causes that Sara becomes an overprotective mother to her second daughter: her illness and her recovery and the impact towards her third daughter is lacking affection and suffering.

Mental health among Vietnamese urban late adolescents: The association of parenting styles.

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between parental styles and mental problems among Vietnamese high school students. In total, 16.4 percent of 757 eligible participants reported mental difficulties. Findings showed that being female and in grade 12 were risk factors to mental problems while living in Hue city was likely as a protective factor. The father’s warmth reduced the risk of having mental problems among adolescents, while an overprotective mother increased the risk. There was no correlation between authoritarianism of both mother and father and mental difficulties. These results suggest that a parenting program for parents might reduce the risk of mental problems among Vietnamese youth.

Facing the Sun by Janice Lynn Mather

Reviewed by: Facing the Sun by Janice Lynn Mather Deborah Berglind, Editor Mather, Janice Lynn Facing the Sun. Simon, 2020 [416p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781534406049 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781534406063 $10.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 8-12 Four Bahamanian teenaged girls share narration: Eve, the straitlaced pastor's daughter, whose time is spent caring for younger brothers and sisters; KeeKee, the spoken-word poet, whose mother is the neighborhood provider of shelter, period products, and condoms; Faith, who's flirting with somebody's boyfriend while aching over her mother's mental deterioration at home; and Nia, who longs to escape her strict and overprotective mother. When the local beach is sold to a developer for the building of a hotel, that means the end of their haven and of Eve's father's beach church, and the loss seems to symbolize other major changes in the girls' lives. This is a sprawling, lushly written, high-class soap opera filled with old-fashioned reveals about parentage (two of the girls turn out to be half-sisters), betrayal (one girl plagiarizes another's work), mental illness (though Faith's mother's illness is at one point labeled as dementia, it seems more a classic gothic presentation), and tragedies (one parent is keeping advancing cancer from their family). While the girls' voices are somewhat indistinguishable and the events melodramatic, that over-the-top eventfulness is the point with this kind of story, and Mather writes with inviting, atmospheric prose that vividly conveys life on Pinder Street, the intertwining dynamics of the families there, and the emotional intensity of teenaged life in the face of all kinds of change. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Openness to the World by Fathers and Mothers of Preschoolers in Two-parent Families

Abstract The role of fostering Openness to the World (OW) refers to disciplinarian parenting behaviors that encourage children to take risks and persevere when facing challenges. This study aimed to characterize, compare, and define typologies of OW for fathers and mothers in southern Brazil. The Openness to the World Questionnaire was answered by 171 heteroaffective couples with preschool children. Inferential statistical analyzes indicated that mothers reported providing significantly more Stimulus to Perseverance than fathers. Eight different types of typologies of OW were identified: Activating Father/Mother, Protective Father/Mother, Reckless Father/Mother, Authoritarian Father, and Overprotective Mother. The analysis of these results allows us to conclude that there is a society transition process in which more traditional families (mothers responsible for the children’s education) coexist with others in which fathers and mothers play the role of fostering OW. Because of the benefits that OW brings to child development, it is suggested that it should be included in public policies that promote positive parenting.

Étude du lien parental dans l’enfance chez les enfants et adolescents avec anorexie mentale

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa constitutes a severe and complex eating disorder occurring principally in adolescence. It is one of the most deadly psychiatric disorders. Considering the multifactorial nature of anorexia nervosa, the important place of the family and the growing interest in the theory of attachment in eating disorders, parental bonding is questioned in anorexia nervosa. The main study goal is to analyze parental bonding in a population of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa. The secondary objective is to study differences according to the age group. MethodWe realized an observational pilot study in Bordeaux over a period from June 2015 to April 2017. Twenty five young girls with anorexia nervosa, aged 10 to 17 years, hospitalized in the department of child and adolescent psychiatry and department of eating disorders have been included and divided into two groups: peripubertal for children under 14 and pubertal for children aged 14 to 17 years. We met them individually to complete a series of questionnaires including the Parental Bonding Instrument (for assessing attachment), the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview for Children and Adolescent (for detecting the presence of comorbidity) and a structured questionnaire for collecting general information on anorexia nervosa. ResultsResults revealed high parental care, high maternal and paternal overprotection with predominantly “optimal” parenting style followed by “affectionate constraint” style. Significant differences were observed in anorexia nervosa patients with maternal (P=0.011) and paternal (P=0.085) overprotection in pubes compared to peripubertal. In correlation analysis, there was a positive correlation between maternal protection and age of diagnosis and a negative correlation between parental care and duration of illness. Furthermore, the maternal overprotection tended to be correlated significantly and positively with the age of the diagnosis and the paternal overprotection with the body mass index. ConclusionOur study shows a rating by the parents of warm and understanding parents, an over-protective mother and a father encouraging autonomy. There is maternal and paternal overprotection in pubertal anorexia nervosa compared with peripubertals. Our results suggest the importance of analyzing parenting style in addition to Parental Bonding Instruments results and of supporting the importance of the development of family therapy in the anorexia nervosa.

Comparison of anxiety and child-care education characteristics of mothers who have children with or without speech delays

IntroductionSpeech delay in a child could be the cause and/or result of the emotional disorder. The child rearing attitude that the parents have accepted could have both positive and negative effects on the personality of the child. ObjectiveThe current study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic features and the mothers’ anxiety of children with speech delay. MethodsOne hundred five mothers with children aged between 3 and 6 years with speech delays were included in the patient group, and 105 mothers who have children aged between 3 and 6 years with normal speech and language development were included in the control group. An information form questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the Family Life and Childrearing Attitude Scale (PARI – Parental Attitude Research Instrument) and Beck anxiety scale were requested from all mothers in the patient and the control groups. ResultsIn the current study, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of gender (p=0.001). According to Parental Attitude Research Instrument, the mean of mothers of the children with speech delays was higher than the mean of mothers of normal children in terms of the answers to overprotective mother aspect (p<0.01). The mothers of children with speech delays had more overprotective motherhood attitudes; however, the difference in terms of the answers to the aspects of democratic attitude and provision of equality, refusal to be a housewife, husband-wife conflict, and suppression and discipline were not statistically significant. The Beck anxiety scale, a significant difference was detected between the two groups (p<0.01). It was found that the mothers of children with speech delays had more severe levels of anxiety. ConclusionThe social structure of the family, the attitudes and the behaviors of the mother, and the anxiety levels of the mothers have important effects on child development. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies related to speech delays, in which many factors play a role in the etiology.

Food Allergy–Related Risk-Taking and Management Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults

Food allergy (FA) affects 8% of children and adolescents in the United States. Nearly 40% of those affected have experienced severe reactions. Fatal food-induced anaphylaxis is most common among adolescents and young adults (AYA); however, FA-related risk behaviors persist in this population and factors associated with these behaviors remain unclear. To characterize FA-related risk-taking and self-management behaviors of AYA with FA. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 200 AYA with FA. Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct behavioral risk classes and predictors of risk class membership. Two distinct FA behavioral risk classes were identified, representing less (N= 120) and more (N= 80) risky subpopulations. After adjusting for age, sex, and anaphylaxis history, odds of more risky class membership were significantly reduced for AYA with peanut allergy (odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.65), supportive female friends (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.07-0.99), overprotective mothers (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18-0.97), teachers who are aware of their FA (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.17-0.91), a history of being bullied (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09-0.51), and an established 504 education plan (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.81). AYA also reported numerous positive outcomes of their FA, such as greater responsibility, empathy, and improved diet, which was significantly associated with reduced odds of risky class membership (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.80). Among AYA, increased FA-related risk-taking was associated with clinical, demographic, and social factors, including peanut allergy, greater age, as well as absence of social support and specific school FA policies. These associations may be used to inform future interventions designed to address FA-related risk and management behaviors.

English

This report presents the case history of a six year old child who was portrayed as having recurrent haemetemesis since two years by her mother. A detailed evaluation showed that the patient's history was inconsistent with the clinical findings and investigations, leading to a diagnosis of Factitious Disorder by Proxy (FDbp). The report highlights the rationale for under-diagnosis of FDbp in India and challenges the conventional approach ( Parentectomy ) for treating FDbp. CASE REPORT: A six year old girl born out of consanguineous marriage was admitted to the paediatric ward by her mother with the complaints of recurrent haemetemesis, associated with pain abdomen and headache since two years. There was no history of drug ingestion, food allergy, pica, foreign body ingestion contact with tuberculosis or blood transfusion. There was also no history suggestive of delayed milestones, subnormal intelligence, temper tantrums, depressive illness or any other behavioral problems. The child was an inpatient to four other hospitals in the city over the last two years and not been attending the school since then. She was thoroughly evaluated for the same problem in all the four hospitals, with no significant positive report. A detailed examination of the child was done in our hospital on admission which appeared normal. Physical examination revealed a conscious, well- oriented, non-co-operative child with an unusually loving, caring, possessive and overprotective mother always by her side. All baseline investigations - Complete blood picture, hepatic and renal functions, coagulation profile, mantoux test, chest X ray, stool for microscopy and occult blood were normal. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done at another hospital, but it did not reveal any pathology. On the fourth day of the admission, the mother seemed anxious, possessive and told us that the vomiting persisted and there was no improvement in spite of the treatment. When the mother was asked to preserve the sample of vomitus, she expressed her inability to collect the sample as the child had been vomiting in the toilet. This raised the suspicion as to how a six year old child could hold back the vomiting each time until she reached the toilet. The suspicion was heightened when she said that the vomiting stopped abruptly the next day. Neither the nursing staff nor the resident doctors had witnessed the child vomiting ever since she was admitted to the ward. During the period of hospitalization, none of the other family members have visited the child. Finally when the clinical findings and investigations were found to be inconsistent with the history and after excluding all the organic causes of recurrent haemetemesis, the mother was taken into confidence, by carefully probing into the family and social issues. She revealed about her marital disharmony, that her husband was a chronic alcoholic, who physically abused the family members and did not lend any financial support. After initial hesitation, the mother

How Well Socially Wary Preschoolers Fare Over Time Depends on Their Parasympathetic Regulation and Socialization

Parasympathetic regulation and maternal overprotective parenting were examined in 101 children as moderators of links between preschool (M=3.53years) social wariness and childhood (M=9.07years) internalizing and anxiety problems, social skills, and scholastic performance. Across these three domains of functioning, more socially wary children were likely to manifest worse adjustment when they had low respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) or highly overprotective mothers. Conversely, maternal overprotection appeared to confer benefits for preschoolers with low wariness and low RSA. These findings point to the importance of both internal self-regulatory capacities and external support for autonomy and competence to understand and assist socially wary children and their families.

Muster dysfunktionaler Erziehungsstile und psychische Störungen im Erwachsenenalter

Dysfunctional parenting styles represent a risk factor for the development of psychological disturbances. The present study investigated the differential validity of the German language Fragebogen zur Erfassung dysfunktionaler Erziehungsstile (FDEB; Measurement of Parental Styles, MOPS) and determined whether different forms of psychological disorders are associated with specific patterns of parenting styles. 145 inpatients, 108 outpatients and a control group of 633 representative individuals from the general population were investigated by adapting the FDEB. A comparison of dysfunctional parenting styles showed different distress levels within the diagnostic groups: Patients suffering from depression reported high levels of maternal indifference and over protectiveness together with an abusive rearing behavior on the part of both parents. Patients with anxiety disorders reported having overprotective mothers. Bulimic patients as well as those with personality disorders significantly exhibited stress in almost all areas. However, anorexic patients did not differ significantly from the control group, which appeared to be the least affected of all. The FDEB showed a satisfactory differential validity. There was evidence that specific patterns of dysfunctional parenting styles were associated with different diagnostic groups.

Of Giants and Ice (review)

Reviewed by: Of Giants and Ice Kate Quealy-Gainer Bach, Shelby . Of Giants and Ice. Simon, 2012. [352p]. (Of Ever Afters) Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-4424-3146-1 $15.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-1-4424-3148-5 $9.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 5-8. Sixth-grader Rory Landon has inherited none of her celebrity parents' coolness, so she generally makes few friends whenever she transfers into yet another new school due to her actress mother's filming schedule. Fighting a dragon, however, has a remarkable way of bringing people together, as Rory discovers when she helps slay a reptilian beast on her first day at the Ever After School and acquires a couple of close friends. The school—technically an after-school program—is a secret training academy for fairy-tale characters, preparing ordinary kids like Rory who are destined to be heroes in their own version of a famous story. Although Rory's Tale is yet to be determined, she still gets to practice with a sword, attend the Fairie Market, and even accompany her friend Lena on Lena's beanstalk-climbing and giant-slaying Tale—all while keeping the details of her new extracurricular activities from her overprotective mother. Although the start is a little slow, the book offers a thorough setup and substantial character development, establishing Rory as a girl who too [End Page 6] often lets her desires take second place to those of her parents and who desperately needs to build an identity of her own. Action fans will be rewarded with spectacular sequences in the book's latter half, featuring battles with snarky dwarves, fearsome baby dragons, and, as the title hints, a couple of giants. There's a Potter-esque feel to Rory's fate as the Destined One, and young female readers will be particularly pleased to see a girl in the role of the active heroine who determines exactly how her Tale will play out. Copyright © 2012 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Childhood neglect and abuse as predictors of antidepressant response in adult depression

Childhood neglect and abuse are recognized as risk factors for depression, but are not often studied as predictors of treatment response in depression. Clinically depressed outpatients (n=195) were asked about childhood experiences before beginning a randomized antidepressant trial with either fluoxetine or nortriptyline. Three treatment outcomes were measured: Adequate trial, six-week response and two months sustained recovery. Patients reporting low paternal care (paternal neglect), as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), were less likely to complete an adequate six-week trial of medication. Patients who reported high maternal protection (maternal overprotection) on the PBI had poorer treatment response in the short-term at six weeks, and longer term, for two months of sustained recovery. However, abuse, whether sexual, physical, or psychological in nature, did not predict treatment response. The experience of having a neglectful father or an overprotective mother was more predictive of response to treatment for depression than abuse, suggesting that the quality of ongoing intra-familial relationships has a greater impact on treatment outcomes for depression than experiences of discrete abuse in childhood.

Word Nerd (review)

Reviewed by: Word Nerd Deborah Stevenson Nielsen, Susin; Word Nerd. Tundra, 2008; [256p] ISBN 978-0-88776-875-0 $18.95 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 6–9 When Ambrose’s overprotective mother realizes the depths of her son’s unpopularity, [End Page 38] she takes Ambrose out of seventh grade and starts him on homeschooling. Spending all his time at home, he becomes fascinated with Cosmo, newly released from prison and now living in the upstairs apartment with his parents. Ambrose discovers that Cosmo is, like Ambrose himself, a Scrabble aficionado, so he wheedles Cosmo into secretly driving the both of them to the meetings of a Scrabble club. Thus begins a new chapter in Ambrose’s life, wherein Cosmo’s mentorship gives him a perspective he needs, his developing Scrabble (and social) skills provide him with new feelings of competence and acceptance, and his daring to do something that would be forbidden by his mother stiffens up his backbone. While this has many of the hallmarks of slapstick-touched boy books—bathroom humor, mammary appreciation—Canadian author Nielsen resists such titles’ usual tendency to pad their realistic edges, and she instead marries an age-appropriate jokiness to genuinely thoughtful writing. Ambrose isn’t merely a put-upon bullied lamb but a sometimes annoying kid who has, until Cosmo, lacked somebody with both the authority and perspective to knock him back when he’s being a jackass, and their brotherly, unstatedly affectionate relationship is well drawn. Secondary characters are also sturdily crafted: Cosmo, a youthful screwup making a serious effort to turn over a new leaf, isn’t romanticized, and Ambrose’s mother is sympathetic even as she’s overanxious and short-sighted. There’s humor and poignancy enough here for both fellow word nerds and those who just enjoy seeing a kid blossom under unlikely circumstances. Copyright © 2008 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Dodger and Me (review)

Reviewed by: Dodger and Me Karen Coats Sonnenblick, Jordan; Dodger and Me. Feiwel, 2008; [176p] ISBN 978-0-312-37793-9 $16.95 Reviewed from galleys M Gr. 4-6 Taking a shortcut home from yet another humiliating baseball game, Willie Ryan comes across a fast-food bag in the middle of the woods. He picks it up only to [End Page 495] have it transform into a teapot, out of which emerges a bright blue chimpanzee wearing an eye patch and surfer shorts who immediately proclaims himself to be Willie's new best friend. Despite the strange appearance of his new companion, Willie quickly deduces that any creature who comes out of a teapot must be a genie, and he sets about making wishes to deal with his chief problems in life: an overprotective mother, an overinterested girl named Lizzie, and an overlong losing streak on the baseball field. Dodger, however, only succeeds in making things much worse, as he spreads blue fur and chaos in his wake. Still, by the time Willie finds out that Dodger isn't a real genie but an inferior lackey, he's grown attached to the obnoxious blue chimp, and he must make a hard decision about how to use his last wish. Sonnenblick is writing for a much younger crowd here than he usually does, and the result isn't particularly successful; in trying to capture the attitude of a junior-high boy, the prose often seems written by one, complete with cheesy dialogue over-cluttered with "dude" and "awesome," and slapstick scenarios randomly inserted, relying on wet messes rather than tight comic pacing. The abrupt appearance of the real genie serves to get the plot out of the impasse it reaches with Dodger's antics, but the resolution he brings about is convenient and unconvincing as he behaves against character to help Willie get his happy ending while leaving things open-ended enough for a sequel. Kids who feel generally oppressed by their circumstances will enjoy that it-could-be-worse feeling that Dodger's "solutions" engender, but kids looking for middle-grades boyish humor will be better off with M. T. Anderson, Dan Gutman, or Dan Elish. Copyright © 2008 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois