Outstanding Doctors Research Articles

Vasyl Yakovych Danylevskyi's lecture on science, university and faculty selection (1921): annotated translation

Kharkiv National Medical University has the honor to present a series of lectures by the outstanding doctor of Kharkiv region Danylevskyi V.Ya., which for 100 years have not lost their relevance and can be a guideline for modern doctors and students of medical universities. In this abstract, we will briefly outline the advice of the author of the lecture to young doctors. Without a general scientific education, even a good practicing doctor will remain a narrow empiricist with a limited mental horizon. The student must complete the entire curriculum, because he cannot yet understand the suitability of the academic subjects in his future profession. The formalistic system of educational institutions suppresses higher educational interests, logic and scientific truth. Scientific successes bring people together and promote international communication based on knowledge and art, work and peace. True, mutual understanding covers only the cultural top of the population. Therefore, the democratization of science is necessary for the universal sharing of spiritual and material benefits. That is why they fought so hard for the development of the education of their people in European countries after the wars, and that is why the general rise of the cultural and political power of Japan began with the development of public education. Our physical and mental health depends on all conditions of human existence, starting with the mental and social state. That is why in all matters of physical, mental and social life, their organization and reform, the voice of the doctor should be highly respected. To earn such respect, the doctor must have great tact, understanding of people, and most importantly, great scientific knowledge. What should someone do who has already spent 2–3 years at medical school and then became convinced of his worthlessness? Of course, leaving medicine. Keywords: medical university, medical education, history of medicine.

Semyon Ivanovich Shumakov (1913–1995) – founder of the neurosurgical service of the Penza region (to the 110th anniversary of birth)

The article is devoted to Semyon Ivanovich Shumakov (1913–1995), an outstanding doctor, the founder of the neurosurgical service of the Penza region.The formation of the neurosurgical service in the Penza region occurred in the middle of the XX century. S.I. Shumakov is exactly the man who stood at the origins. The development of neurosurgery as a separate branch of clinical medicine in the Penza region became possible thanks to his work. During the work of S.I. Shumakov, the neurosurgical service underwent great changes – new methods of diagnosis and treatment were introduced, as well as complex surgical interventions were carried out, which are now becoming commonplace. Thanks to his dedication and dedication to his work, modern neurosurgery is currently developing in the Penza region.The data of the biography and the main directions of S.I. Shumakov’s work are considered. The data of the materials of the State Archive of the Penza region, the available literature data, as well as the archive of relatives, friends and students were analyzed.

Sir William Osler: facets of personality

William Osler is one of the most honored and influential physicians in the English medicine late 19th early 20th century, who has made a great contribution on development of medical science and it's teaching. The scope of his multifaceted personality goes far beyond the characteristics of an outstanding doctor and scientist. The historical essay presents various aspects of the Osler's personality, highlighting his uniqueness as a doctor, teacher and philosopher.

The founder of the Kazan neurological school, Professor L.O. Darkshevich and his influence on the development of neurology and neuromorphology in Yekaterinburg

The article is dedicated to a world-famous scientist, a major clinician, teacher and public figure, one of the founders of the Kazan neurological school, Professor Liverii Osipovich Darkshevich, who occupies a prominent place in the history of Russian medicine. July 17, 2023 marked the 165th anniversary of his birth. Liverii Osipovich was the chairman of the Kazan Society of Doctors and, together with Professor V.M. Bekhterev in 1893 participated in the creation of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists in Kazan. On his initiative, in 1901, the “Diary of the Society of Kazan Doctors” was reorganized into the monthly “Kazan Medical Journal”, and Liverii Osipovich became its first editor-in-chief. In Kazan, he organized the first clinic in Russia for people who abuse alcohol, where he often gave popular lectures. The article highlights the main stages of the life and work of Professor L.O. Darkshevich, his significant contribution to the development of neurology and neuromorphology, reflects his professional and personal qualities. The influence of this outstanding doctor and scientist on the development of neurology and neuromorphology in Yekaterinburg has been studied and shown.

Reviewing the pages of the first issues of «Perm medical journal»: 100th anniversary of this authoritative russian scientific edition

In 2023, we celebrate a historical date – the 100th anniversary of publishing the first issue of “Perm Medical Journal”. The first editor-in-chief was an outstanding doctor, the founder of the first surgical school, Professor V.N. Parin. The content of the first eight volumes of the journal issued from 1923 to 1930 is analyzed in the article. The first paper of the first issue of a journal was devoted to epidemic typhus and relapsing fever. The papers of great scientists, professors such as A.V. Pshenichnov, P.I. Pichugin, A.S. Lebedev, P.I. Chistyakov, V.P. Pervushin and others impress by profundity of thought. Great attention in the journal was paid to the questions of surgery and urology; these papers constituted 52% of the content of the first eight volumes. Analysis of the works belonging to V.N. Parin, D.P. Kuznetsky, V.P. Shipitsyn, B.Ya. Strelkov, A.A. Vechtomov and other authors, which were devoted to diagnostics, treatment and prevention of gastric ulcer, ventral hernias, tumors of different organs, inflammatory surgical diseases, vascular, urinary, urethral and genital injuries, rhinoplasty, show that these publications aroused interest among Russian and foreign scientists and physicians and significantly influenced a progress of medical science and practical health care.

Yevdokimov's Five-Year Plan. On the 140th anniversary of his birth

The name of Alexander Ivanovich Evdokimov is widely known to dentists all over the world. An outstanding leader, teacher, scientist and doctor, a wonderful man and a wonderful family man - this is how the first and only Hero of Socialist Labor in dentistry remains in the memory of grateful descendants. In 2012, by the decision of the Minister of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation T.A. Golikova, his name was given to the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, and the textbooks published under his pen are still relevant today, in the year when we celebrate the 140th anniversary of the coryphaeus' birth.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIALIZED THERAPEUTIC SERVICE IN THE TYUMEN REGION 1964-1991

The article is devoted to the analysis of the creation of specialized therapeutic services in the Tyumen region in the period 1964-1991. as a kind of phenomenon against the backdrop of special socio-economic and historical transformations. During this period, the region experienced rapid industrial development of the oil and gas-bearing northern territories, state social programs were implemented, and large investments were made in healthcare. As a result of the analysis of data from archival documents and statistical materials, the terms of creation and main indicators of the activities of treatment and preventive institutions for rheumatological, endocrinological, hematological, nephrological, occupational pathology, pulmonological and gastroenterological services from 1964 to 1991 were established. The work notes the activities of outstanding doctors and health care organizers related to the creation of Tyumen specialized services. Based on the study, it was concluded that, basically, these services were created and functioned, significantly improving the quality of medical care to the population. An important role was played by the state policy of enhanced financing of healthcare and medical construction in the Tyumen region.

In memory of Nikolai Vasilievich Putov (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)

In 1923, the outstanding doctor, scientist and teacher, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Nikolai Vasilyevich Putov, turns 100 years old. Under his leadership, the Research Institute of Pulmonology successfully served as the country’s leading institution on the relevant problem and became one of the leading medical research centers in the Soviet Union. Headed by him Department of Hospital Surgery ¹ 1 of the First Leningrad Medical Institute named after Academician I. P. Pavlov was a leader in university and postgraduate teaching of surgery and surgical science. N. V. Putov was the extraordinary teacher, he had the excellent understanding of issues of universal human culture. He was known and appreciated, people were proud of the friendship with him not only in Leningrad – St. Petersburg, but also in Russia and abroad.

Doctor, educator, politician Mstislav Aleksandrovich Kulaev (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)

The article describes the medical, scientific, organizational, as well as political activities of the outstanding doctor of the Tatar and Bashkir ASSR Mstislav Aleksandrovich (Mukhametkhan Sakhipgareevich) Kulaev. His name went down in history because of the signing of the Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria on March 20, 1919 in Moscow. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that February 7, 2023 marked the 150th anniversary of the birth of M.A. Kulaev, and in 2019 the Republic of Bashkortostan celebrated the 100th anniversary of its formation. The article publishes for the first time previously unknown facts concerning Essays on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the author of which is M.A. Kulaev, who collected material during his work with tuberculosis patients. In addition, the authors were able to personally meet with the heirs of the famous Kazan doctor and draw many new, unknown facts from the biography of this outstanding healthcare figure in the Tatar and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics.

Innovator from Novatorovs` street: the life of a scientist, the fate of a devotee

Innovator from Novatorovs` street: the life of a scientist, the fate of a devotee

To the 100th anniversary of the birth of Nina Petrovna Konstantinova - an outstanding doctor, teacher, scientist

January 26, 2023 marked the 100th anniversary of the birth of Nina Petrovna Konstantinova (1923-2019), an outstanding figure of Russian otorhinolaryngology, a talented teacher and mentor.

Chirurg Wielkiej Armii – Pierre François Percy (1754–1825) i jego wkład w rozwój medycyny wojskowej

This article presents a biography of Pierre François Percy, who along with Dominique Jean Larrey and René Desgenettes was considered to be one of the most outstanding doctors from the Napoleonic Wars. Percy, who devoted a lot of space to Poland and Poles in his memoirs, served as the surgeon-in-chief of the Grand Armée during the Napoleonic campaigns. The text discusses his scientific achievements, especially in relation to emergency medical aid and the training of military surgeons.

Памяти профессора Казанского государственного медицинского университета Р.Ш. Абдрахмановой, к 100-летию со дня рождения посвящается

The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of Professor R. Sh. Abdrakhmanova, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy at Kazan State Medical Institute in 1971–1982. Raisa Sharafutdinovna participated in the organization of therapy and rheumatology services in the Republic of Tatarstan. Together with Kazan Medfizpribor Company, she developed and introduced into practice a series of diagnostic devices. Furthermore, R.Sh. Abdrakhmanova was an honored scientist, the author of more than 100 scientific papers and an outstanding doctor. She was a leading freelance pulmonologist of the Republic of Tatarstan and an excellent teacher and mentor. Professor Abdrakhmanova devoted her entire life to medicine. Most part of her labor activity was connected with the Republic Clinical Hospital. Raisa Sharafutdinovna was a highly qualified professional and an outstanding scientist; she left a rich academic legacy and a bright memory among colleagues, department staff and patients.

Lekarze i chirurdzy w Szpitalu Świętego Ducha w Rzymie w XVII–XVIII wieku

Doctors and surgeons at the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Rome in the 17th – 18th centuries Founded in 1198 by Pope Innocent III, Europe’s largest Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Rome, run by the Order of Regular Canons of Saint Duicha, became a model for other such institutions. It performed two functions: an asylum for foundlings (brefotrophium) and a hospital-clinic for the sick, the so-called the infirmary, in which there were about a thousand in certain periods, especially during epidemics, the sick inmates specialized in the treatment of people with fever, especially those with malaria, as well as injured and requiring surgical operations. The rank and size of the hospital was evidenced by the number of outstanding doctors and surgeons, unprecedented in other European hospitals. In some periods of the eighteenth century, there were nearly twenty of them in the hospital in total, but as a rule, there were always at least four chief physicians and two chief surgeons, as well as four assistant physicians and two deputy surgeons. Moreover, when the number of patients increased, additional doctors and surgeons were hired, often working for free in the hope of obtaining full employment. Among doctors, it was possible to meet specialists of the highest class, not only combining medical practice with teaching, but also authors of outstanding works and scientific treatises in the field of medicine, philosophy and law, written on the basis of observations and experiences as well as conducted scientific research. Many doctors and surgeons working in the hospital were also papal doctors. Engagement to work in the hospital took place through public competitions. It is interesting that most of the medical and surgical staff came from very distant places and even foreign countries. All doctors and chief surgeons were hired to work at the Holy Spirit Hospital as graduates of universities and other institutes or academies. As for the six surgeons, especially their deputies, nearly all were educated and practiced in the Holy Spirit Hospital. Chief doctors, called professors and sometimes lecturers, had a hierarchical priority and supervisory position among the medical community. The latter term mainly referred to doctors and surgeons teaching at the Hospital’s Academy of Surgery, later the School of Surgery, where the nurses working in the hospital learned the art of surgery. The most important duty of the doctors and chief surgeons was to carry out twice a day (morning and after lunch) visits to patients in their departments. The visits ended at least half an hour before lunch or dinner so that the patients could be given medicines and treatments before eating. During the morning visit, the physician and the chief surgeon were accompanied by their assistants or deputies, who were on duty around the clock in the hospital, while their superiors lived outside the hospital. The fame enjoyed by doctors and surgeons has not always translated into the reliability and effectiveness of the medical services they provide in the hospital. Many of them did not pay much attention to their work. They did not fulfill the duties entrusted to them, did not come or were late to work, handed over their tasks to doctors and lower-ranking personnel, kept employment and salaries despite reaching old age and poor physical condition, preventing them from properly performing their professional duties.

PEDAGOGICAL AND ARTISTIC IDEAS OF MODEST LEVYTSKYI

The article is dedicated to the outstanding public figure, doctor, patriot, writer and composer Modest Levytskyi. Without exaggeration, his activity became a service to the people of Ukraine. Paradoxically, but dialectically, society (and pedagogy in particular) mostly turns its attention to titans, those who have left dozens of volumes of works behind. They were praised for years, and the inheritance became the subject of careful and scrupulous analysis. Nevertheless, the history of the state is rich in the names of those whose selfless work has become the key to educating generations of young people by Ukrainians. They had no place in the Soviet pantheon of education, because they were located in territories that fell under the jurisdiction of other states. Modest Levytskyi lived and worked in Volyn. And this territory was under Polish rule for many years. He was a Ukrainian, but he could not fully feel like one, because those who were not polonized after hundreds of years of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth were disparagingly called "lower rank". The processed literature gives an idea of the events of the beginning of the last century: constant wars, revolutions, coups. All these cataclysms swept across the land on which Levytskyi lived. He was well aware of the danger of assimilation of Ukrainians on his own native, but captured land. Although Modest was called "father ..." "and grandfather of Volyn" during his lifetime, sometimes it seems that for modern science (literature, medicine, pedagogy, art) he is a representative of those who were called "shadows of forgotten ancestors". Nevertheless, it is within our reach to tell the public about this unique personality. Now the nuclear globalized era gives us heroes for one day, but Modest did not give us an inheritance in hard coins. One of the writers wrote that human life becomes hell and torment there where two days, two cultures, two religions intersect. In front of Modest, the nineteenth century replaced the twentieth, the First World War took place, several coups, and the bloodiest tyrants in the history of mankind rushed to power. And only a few hundred intellectuals had hope for the independence of Ukraine in their hearts. This is probably a feat to defend the dream of reviving a nation that has been trampled into oblivion for centuries, when it seemed like he whole world was against it. And the memory of a courageous and honest person, teacher, artist, even if not in thick luxurious folios, is in the quiet truth, and in this mention of the life given to Ukraine.

Voyage of Ben Cao, Part II: Development of Chinese Medicinal Specimens in the British Museum

Voyage of Ben Cao, Part II: Development of Chinese Medicinal Specimens in the British Museum

Ernst Moro: returning the names

The purpose of the publication is an invitation to honor the outstanding pediatrician Ernst Moro (1874–1951), with an attempt to return his pronunciation of the surname by emphasizing the first syllable (Móro), to recall the life and creative career of this outstanding scientist and doctor. The Moro reflex described in 1918 is now widely used by modern pediatricians and pediatric neurologists in everyday practice. Ernst Moro’s scientific achievements in the development of a skin test for tuberculosis diagnostics, the organization of the efforts against diarrhea in young children, and the formation of pediatric dietology have made Ernst Moro’s scientific heritage extremely important for modern pediatrics.

Nestor Maksimovich Maksimovich-Ambodik

The 150th anniversary of the death of N.M. Maksimovich-Ambodik, an outstanding Russian doctor of the 18th century, the ancestor of Russian obstetrics. He was born in Ukraine, in the village of Veprike, Poltava province. Intended by his parents for a spiritual career and was sent to study at the Kiev Theological Academy, but, disillusioned with theology, he left it in order to study legal sciences.

История мини-фиксатора Илизарова, этапы становления хирургии кисти в Центре Илизарова

Introduction Hand surgery has its own history in each country which is done by outstanding doctors and scientists. Аcademician G.A. Ilizarov, the founder of transosseous osteosynthesis, is one of such personalities. Purpose of the work To analyze the stages of development and application of transosseous osteosynthesis in hand surgery, proposed by Academician G.A. Ilizarov. Methods The process of creation and development of transosseous osteosynthesis for short tubular bones was analyzed. We present the main designs and developers of the inventions related to extrafocal osteosynthesis of hand bones. The structural divisions of the Ilizarov Center, in which medical care was provided to the patients with hand pathology, were stated. Results The entire existence and active use of the Ilizarov mini-fixator can be represented by five periods, starting from the period of comprehending the need for its design. Currently, we are in the period of its combined use in conjunction with the reconstruction of hand soft tissues. Conclusion The names of scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development of the Ilizarov method of transosseous osteosynthesis for the hand surgery were given in the final summary. Thanks to the results of their work, we have the opportunity to further develop hand surgery in accordance with the contemporary scientific requirements

China’s Traditional Chinese Medicine-Style (TCM) Governance in Participation in the Middle Eastern Issues: Theories, Practices and Prospects

The concepts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are rooted in the profound traditional Chinese culture and philosophy. There is an old Chinese saying that ‘outstanding doctors can be masterful enough to govern a country.’ This means some concepts of TCM is compatible with the ones of governing political systems. At first, on the basis of the concepts of TCM treatment, this study puts forward a theoretical framework of TCM-based governance for China to participation in Middle Eastern issues. If we compare the Middle East to a human body with different systems and levels of organisations, its problems are its ‘illnesses,’ so to cure them and achieve the ultimate balance, as TCM focuses on, it is necessary to fundamentally improve the inner and outer political and economic environments of the Middle East, and its own ‘immune system.’ Secondly, the study will combine the concept of ‘holistic view’ with China’s participation in the governance of Middle Eastern issues before to prove the feasibility of the governance methods based on the TCM concepts. Furthermore, this study, to analyse the key factors of current conflicts in the region, ‘takes pulses’ to find out the root cause of those issues, and ‘prescribe Chinese medicine’ for different cases. It is our hope to promote the governance methods with Chinese wisdom.