Output Voltage Waveform Of Inverter Research Articles

Kinerja Inverter 500 W untuk PLTS Skala Kecil

At Electrical Engineering Department of Politeknik Negeri Malang, there is an EBT learning module in the form of solar panel with small capacity, namely 80 Watts. The only load that can be supplied is DC load because there isn’t installed inverter. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the inverter specifications to be installed in small-scale solar system. This research aims to determine the specifications and test the performance of a 500 W inverter integrated with a 50 Wp solar system. Also analyze power quality parameters and efficiency when connected to various load. The test method is no-load and load testing with the parameters measured including current, voltage, power, frequency and THD. Analysis was also carried out on the correlation between efficiency and loading and inverter pins with THDV and THDI. In the no-load test, the inverter output voltage waveform was obtained as a pure sine wave with a frequency of 50.10 Hz. In testing the LED and LHE loads, it was found that the inverter was good for use when the load was 50-80% of its capacity. The lowest THDV value is at a Pin value of 26 W, namely a THDV value of 0.009%. The highest THDV on the Pin is 130 W with THDV value of 1.9%. The lowest THDI value is at Pin 9.75 W, namely 27.6%. The highest THDI value on the 130 W Pin is 80.9%. The THD limit is still within the IEEE standard limit, namely 5% - 10%.

New Configuration of Five-Level NPC Inverter with Three-Level Boost Converter for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion

This paper deals with the modeling and control of a new two-stage photovoltaic conversion cascade composed of a Three-Level Boost (3LB) converter and a three-phase NPC five-level inverter (5LI). The main objective is to ensure the continuity of energy transfer from a renewable continuous source to the electrical grid while regulating the voltages of the DC bus capacitors with a new proposed configuration. The 3LB is controlled in MPPT based on fuzzy logic. A PI regulator is introduced into the 3LB regulation loop in order to maintain the equality of the two output voltages. The overall voltage of the DC bus being regulated by the control of the multilevel inverter interconnected to the grid, using synchronous reference frame control. Therefore, in our case there is the problem of voltages imbalance caused by the 5LI. We propose in this work to introduce two Clamping Bridges (CBs) each one is composed by a transistor in series with a resistor. These CBs are introduced in parallel with two capacitors of the DC bus. This solution avoids us to use the control algorithm by redundant configurations in the regulation loop of the 5LI. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed control in stabilizing and maintaining the four DC bus voltages at equal values. With four balanced capacitor voltages, we get symmetrical inverter output voltage waveforms, which directly affects the quality of the current injected to the grid.

Improved Sampled Average Modulation Technique for the Modular Multilevel Converters

In this article the improved sampled average modulation technique is proposed, this technique has 2N + 1 levels in the output voltage waveform of MMC and it is considered as of low complexity of implementation for any number of submodules per arm. For that, characteristics such as dynamic response, implementation complexity, inverter output voltage waveform levels, and switching frequency are considered to evaluate and validate the proposed modulation technique. The proposed technique is compared with other three previously proposed techniques, its considering parameters such as the THD and the fundamental value of the output voltage, and also the peak-to-peak variation of the submodule capacitor voltage. Several simulations were performed in the Matlab/Simulink software and with these results, it was validated the proposed modulation technique, and also it is verified that the proposed technique is computationally more efficient. This last one shows its potential for multiphase multilevel applications.

Design of Energy Storage Photovoltaic Power Generation Device and Neural Network Method for Photovoltaic Power Prediction

The series-parallel combination of the photovoltaic array can meet the needs of different applications such as high power or low power with the continuous optimization of photovoltaic cell materials and the increasing improvement on efficiency of photovoltaic cell. This exploration takes the independent photovoltaic power generation (PPG) device as the research goal. The system includes a photovoltaic array, Boost rectifier, single-phase photovoltaic inverter, battery and bi-directional DC/DC converter. Single-phase photovoltaic inverter is employed for the AC load power supply, and a lead-acid battery is adopted for energy storage. Buck mode and Boost mode are modeled respectively based on the analysis of the converter topology, and the designed model is employed to control the converter. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is introduced to analyze the factors which can affect the output power of PPG. In experiment, the effective value of output voltage, output voltage, and current waveform of single-phase inverter are analyzed. The analysis results show that the output voltage changes suddenly with the load, and the device can be followed again within a few milliseconds, which means that the device has good dynamic performance. The corresponding output frequency fluctuates at a small amplitude (±1%) when the output voltage is above 220 V. Meanwhile, the distortion of the output waveform is less than 1%. The ripple coefficient of the output voltage is less than 1% when the operating mode of PPG (boost and Buck) is changed. The neural network is introduced to select the appropriate parameters (irradiation intensity, relative humidity, ambient temperature and wind speed), and the results show that the environmental temperature exerts a great influence on the output power of PPG.

Avoiding Complex and Nonlinear Behaviour of Multilevel Power Inverter

In the present scenario to meet out the goal, recent technology of multilevel inverter has introduced which helps to provide a very useful alternative in the field of huge power and a moderate range of voltage applications. Under this work, an attempt has been made to study the complex nature due to nonlinearities and chaos in cascaded multilevel dc to the ac converter system. Nonlinear behavior phenomena are observed in three-phase inverter and cascaded multilevel H-bridge inverter using Matlab / Simulink software package. By various observations, it is reported that the dc to ac converter shifted their position from a stable operating condition to unstable operating conditions as the bifurcation parameter like load varied for the power inverter system. Simulation results obtained through software Matlab / Simulink demonstrate output voltage and current waveform of inverter along with its FFT spectrum. This study for getting information about the nonlinear behavior of power multilevel inverter system is playing a very vital role in designing and fabrication of practical circuits in the power electronics field.

Simulation of multiple pulse width modulation (MPWM) transformerless photovoltaic inverter (TPVI) system

Pulse width modulation technique is always applied in the design of inverter. The output voltage waveform of inverter is not relative pure sinusoidal, especially if it is applied linear pulse width modulation. A non-pure sinusoidal voltage waveform can affect the life time of inverter and also the alternating current (AC) loads. The inverter always also uses a transformer that can increase the losses and reduce the efficiency. A technique of multiple pulse width modulation (MPWM) is suitable to be applied in the transformerless photovoltaic inverter (TPVI) system. It can generate pure sinusoidal voltage waveform and increase the performance of inverter. This paper presents a simulation of MPWM TPVI system using SIMULINK MATLAB. It consists of pulse driver circuit to drive four MOSFETs in the full bridge inverter circuit with the output voltage waveform still multiple pulse wave and it is converted to be pure sinusoidal voltage waveform by applying a LC filter circuit.

Nonlinear behaviour study in multilevel power inverter

In the present scenario to meet out the goal, multilevel inverter technology has introduced recently which helps to provide too much useful alternative in the field of huge power moderate range of voltage application. In this work an attempt has been made to study the complicated nature such as nonlinearities and chaos in cascaded multilevel dc to ac converter system. Cascaded multilevel H-bridge inverter has been taken and nonlinear behavior phenomena are observed using matlab/Simulink software package. It is reported that the dc to ac converter shifted their position from a stable operating condition to unstable operating condition as the bifurcation parameter like load varied for the power inverter system. Simulation results obtained through by software Matlab/Simulink demonstrate output voltage and current waveform of inverter along with its fftspectrum. This study for getting information about nonlinear behavior of power multilevel inverter system is playing very vital role for designing and fabrication of practical circuits in power electronics field.

Design Analysis and Development of Inverter Topologies for Industries

This paper presents the most common inverter topologies and its design, analysis and development schemes. The main objective is to design and compare the three topologies of multilevel inverter for industries. These three topologies are mostly effectively and efficiently for quality improvement of the output voltage waveform of inverter. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation (WPG) i.e. the renewable energy systems are playing a vital role in energy production. But, solar photovoltaic power (PV) has the prospective to develop one of the foremost suppliers to the future electricity supply. Therefore, Low voltage solar PV systems need a high voltage expansion converter for units of grid connection with multilevel inverter. The multilevel inverter topologies are being used in applications of medium and high power such as an active power filter, FACTS devices and a machine current due to their various merits in terms of power supplies low power dissipation, low harmonic distortion in voltage output waveform. Therefore, the simulation of multilevel inverter topologies is done and finalized that cascade multilevel inverter topology is more suitable as compared to other two by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Design Analysis and Development of Inverter Topologies for Industries

This paper presents the most common inverter topologies and its design, analysis and development schemes. The main objective is to design and compare the three topologies of multilevel inverter for industries. These three topologies are mostly effectively and efficiently for quality improvement of the output voltage waveform of inverter. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation (WPG) i.e. the renewable energy systems are playing a vital role in energy production. But, solar photovoltaic power (PV) has the prospective to develop one of the foremost suppliers to the future electricity supply. Therefore, Low voltage solar PV systems need a high voltage expansion converter for units of grid connection with multilevel inverter. The multilevel inverter topologies are being used in applications of medium and high power such as an active power filter, FACTS devices and a machine current due to their various merits in terms of power supplies low power dissipation, low harmonic distortion in voltage output waveform. Therefore, the simulation of multilevel inverter topologies is done and finalized that cascade multilevel inverter topology is more suitable as compared to other two by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Design, implementation and operation of a stand-alone residential photovoltaic system

This paper is aimed at implementation of a stand-alone residential photovoltaic (PV) system in Assiut City, Egypt to feed different domestic loads at a home including lighting loads, washing machine, TV, refrigerator and computer up to 2 kW at 220 V during day and night hours. The system design is based on assessing the total electric power demand during day and night hours. The system has been implemented and the output voltage waveforms have been recorded for different load demand values. A complete harmonic analysis has been done with and without using the filter. The results show that the designed system succeeded in feeding the household appliances during day and night hours. With the use of LC filter, the inverter output voltage waveforms are close to be sinusoidal with THD values of 6.85% and 7.2% during day and night hours respectively, which match the IEEE standards limits for harmonic distortions.

Exploration of Modulation Index in Multi-level Inverter using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

This research paper describes the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm real with Selective Harmonic Elimination-Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM) method for harmonic minimization of Cascaded H-Bridge Multi-Level Inverter. In SHEPWM method- PSO algorithm is capable of determining the required switching angles to eliminate desired value of harmonics. The value of harmonics may reach up to the 11th order from the inverter output voltage waveform while keeping the magnitude of the funda- mental harmonics at a certain value. Hence, the proposed method does capable of eliminating a great number of specific harmonics and the output voltage results in a minimum Total Harmonic Distortion value. The simulation results shows that the PSO algorithm successfully attains the global solution faster than other algorithms.

A Novel Approach to GSA, GA and Wavelet Transform to Design Fuzzy Logic Controller for 1ϕ Multilevel Inverter

<p>This paper proposes a novel approach for obtaining a closed loop control scheme based on Fuzzy Logic Controller to regulate the output voltage waveform of multilevel inverter. Fuzzy Logic Controller is used to guide and control the inverter to synthesize a stepped output voltage waveform with reduced harmonics. In this paper, three different intelligent soft-computing methods are used to design a fuzzy system to be used as a closed loop control system for regulating the inverter output. Gravitational Search Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm are used as optimization methods to evaluate switching angles for different combination of input voltages applied to MLI. Wavelet Transform is used as synthesizing technique to shape stepped output waveform of inverter using orthogonal wavelet sets. The proposed FLC controlled method is carried out for a wider range of input dc voltages by considering ±10% variations in nominal voltage value. A 7-level inverter is used to validate the results of proposed control methods. The three proposed methods are then compared in terms of various parameters like computational time, switching angles and THD to justify the performance and system flexibility. Finally, hardware based results are also obtained to verify the viability of the proposed method.</p>

Cascaded H-Bridge Five Level Inverter for Grid Connected PV System using PID Controller

Photovoltaic energy conversion becomes main focus of many researches due to its promising potential as source for future electricity and has many advantages than the other alternative energy sources like wind, solar, ocean, biomass, geothermal etc. In Photovoltaic power generation multilevel inverters play a vital role in power conversion. The three different topologies, diode-clamped (neutral-point clamped) inverter, capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor) inverter and cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter are widely used in these multilevel inverters. Among the three topologies, cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter is more suitable for photovoltaic applications since each pv array can act as a separate dc source for each h-bridge module. This paper presents a single phase Cascaded H-bridge five level inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic application using sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. This inverter output voltage waveform reduces the harmonics in the generated current and the filtering effort at the input. The control strategy allows the independent control of each dc-link voltages and tracks the maximum power point of PV strings. This topology can inject to the grid sinusoidal input currents with unity power factor and achieves low harmonic distortion. A PID control algorithm is implemented in Arm Processor LPC2148. The validity of the proposed inverter is verified through simulation and is implemented in a single phase 100W prototype. The results of hardware are compared with simulation results. The proposed system offers improved performance over conventional three level inverter in terms of THD.

Utilizing the Optimization Algorithm in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter

This paper proposed the elimination of undesired harmonic in a Cascaded H-Bridge Multi-Level Inverter by using Selective Harmonic Elimination-Pulse Width Modulation strategy with programmed Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. In Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation technique, PSO algorithim is used to determine the non-linear transcendental equation to precise obligatory switching angles for eliminate low order harmonics and reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion from the inverter output voltage waveform while maintaining the required fundamental voltage at the desired value. Computational results are validate that the proposed method does competently eliminate the low order harmonics and also resulted in minimum Total Harmonic Distortion value. The results exposed that the proposed method can achieve efficaciously to the optimal solution more rapidly than other algorithms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i3.7132

Research on Single-Phase Inverter Dual Loop Control Technology with Feed-Forward Compensation

A new approach of dual closed-loop control strategy is proposed, and the internal cause of the inverter output voltage waveform distortion is analyzed in this paper. The ability to resist load disturbance is improved by load current feed-forward compensation in the approached scheme. With inner current loop improving the speed of dynamic response, nonlinear load adaptability is enhanced. Pole assignment method is used to design controller parameters, the control scheme is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC, the nice performance of the proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation results.

Dead-Time Compensation of SPWM Based on STM32F103

This paper analyzes the negative influence of dead-time,point out the shortcomings of traditional dead-time compensation methods , and then present a dead-time compensation method. Simulink simulation shows that the proposed method is effective. The proposed method is applied to a 15kW inverter which is controlled by STM32F103 MCU,and it can significantly reduce the THD value of the inverter output voltage waveform. The experiment proved that this method is simple and reliable, with good results.

Rezonansowy układ LCL w zastosowaniach przemysłowych

The paper presents chosen applications of LCL resonant circuit. Its induction heating application results in easy modular system designing and allows creating the resonant converter with variable frequency. Application of ultrasonic power systems allows efficient filtration of higher harmonics of the inverter output voltage waveform and the construction of resonant converters for virtually constant frequency equal to the frequency of mechanical resonance piezoceramic transducer. The VSI-LCL IH system operation principles and the basic analytical analysis are described. The experimental and simulations test have been made. The research results are shown. (LCL Resonant Circuit Industrial Applications).

A ripple current minimisation based single phase PWM inverter

This paper is aimed at improving the output voltage waveform of a single phase PWM inverter. Two approaches is proposed, the first approach is based on selected harmonic elimination (SHE) of order up to 7th harmonic, for minimising harmonic distortion and modulating amplitude of the fundamental component of the output voltage waveform. For the first time, the Levenberg– Marquardt algorithm (LMA) is used for determining the switching angles of the inverter switches. The second approach is based on ripple current minimisation using LMA. A simulation model is developed using PSIM for the inverter to verify the proposed approaches. An experimental system was implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches by using PIC16F877 microcontroller. Analysis of the voltage THD as influenced by the amplitude modulation index is made using MATLAB based on the computed switching angles.

A Design of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Snubber Circuit

The high frequency induction heating power supply has received increasing attention from researchers, multilevel converter is a high voltage large power application areas of research focus and core, it solves the problem of the multilevel inverter output voltage waveform adjustment, avoids the problem of two times reversing that the load voltage in the commutation during the dead period occurred. An effective way to improve efficiency is to keep the power device of low voltage stress and less switching loss. A passive lossless snubber circuit is designed for inhibiting the reverse recovery current of diode and improving the turn-on condition of powers switch. The operation process of snubber circuit is analyzed and the parameter design method is given. The results of simulation have verified the validity of design methods and the conclusions given by theoretically analyzing in this paper.

ANALYTICAL MODELING OF OVERSHOOTING EFFECT IN SUB-100 nm CMOS INVERTERS

Modeling of CMOS inverters and consequently, CMOS gates, is a critical task for improving accuracy and speed of simulation in modern sub-100 nm digital circuits. One of the key factors that determine the operation of a CMOS structure is the influence of the input-to-output coupling capacitance, also called overshooting effect. In this paper, an analytical model for this effect is presented, that computes the time period which is necessary to eliminate the extra output charge transferred through the input-to-output capacitance at the beginning of the switching process in a CMOS inverter. In addition, the maximum or minimum output voltage (depending on the considered edge) is analytically computed. The derived model is based on analytical expressions of the CMOS inverter output voltage waveform, which include the influences of both transistor currents and the input-to-output (gate-to-drain) coupling and load capacitances. An accurate version of the alpha-power law MOSFET model is used to relate the terminal voltages to the drain current in sub-100 nm devices, with an extension for varying transistor widths. The resulting model also accounts for the influences of input voltage transition time, transistors' sizes, as well as device carrier velocity saturation and narrow-width effects. The results produced by the presented model for three sub-100 nm CMOS technologies, several input voltage transition times, capacitive loads and device sizes, show very good agreement with BSIM4 HSPICE simulations.